1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Paper 3 with Answers

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Karnataka 1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Paper 3 with Answers

Time: 3.15 Hours
Max Marks: 100

Instructions to candidates:

1. Write the serial number of questions properly as given in the question paper while answering
2. Write the correct and complete answers.

Section – A

I. Answer a in TEN of following questions in a word or a sentence each. While answering Multiple Choice Questions, write the serial number/alphahet of the correct choice and write the answer corresponding to it. Each question carries one mark. ( 10 × 1 = 10 )

Question 1.
Give an example of extractive industry.
Answer:
Mining, Agriculture, Fishing, Forestry, Flunting, etc.

Question 2.
The head of the joint Hindu family business is called
(a) Proprietor
(b) Director
(c) Karta
Answer:
(c) Karta

Question 3.
State any one feature of Statutory Corporation?
Answer:
Management: The day-to-day administration is looked after by Board of Directors.

Question 4.
Which Act regulates banking services in India?
Answer:
Indian Banking Regulation Act 1949

Question 5.
What is plastic Money?
Answer:
Plastic Money made out of plastic is a new and easier way of paying for goods and services. It includes credit card, debit card and smart card, etc.

Question 6.
An enterprises must behave as a good citizen is an example of its responsibility towards,
(a) Ow ners
(b) Workers
(c) Consumers
(d) Community
Answer:
(d) Community.

Question 7.
Name the main document of a Joint Stock Company.
Answer:
Memorandum of Association is the main document of a joint stock company.

Question 8.
Debentures represent the following
(a) Additional capital of a company
(c) Fluctuating capital of a company
(d) Loan capital of a company
Answer:
(d) Loan capital of a company

Question 9.
Expand NSIC.
Answer:
National Small Industries Corporation.

Question 10.
“Carry needle to an aeroplane”, this statement applies to which type of lived shop large retailer?
Answer:
Departmental Stores.

Question 11.
Which one of the following is not amongst India’s major trading partner?
(a) USA
(b)UK
(c) Germany
(d) New Zealand
Answer:
(d) New Zealand.

Question 12.
What is Bill of Lading?
Answer:
Bill of lading is a document where in a shipping company gives its official receipt of the goods put on board its vessel and at the same time gives an undertaking to carry them to the part of destination.

Section – B

II. Answer any ten of the following questions in two or three sentences each. Each question carries 2 marks. ( 10 × 2 = 20 )

Question 13.
What is commerce?
Answer:
Commerce is a branch of business concerned with distribution of goods and services.

Question 14.
Define partnership.
Answer:
According to section 4(Q) Indian Partnership Act, 1932 defines partnership as “the relation between persons who have agreed to share the profit of the business carried on by all or any¬one of them acting for all”.

Question 15.
What do you mean by Global Enterprises?
Answer:
A global enterprises is one which is corporated in one country (called home country) but whose operations, extend beyond the home country and which carries on business in other countries (called the host countries in other countries). In addition to the home country.

Question 16.
State any two types of Warehouses.
Answer:

1. Private warehouse.
2. Public warehouse.

Question 17.
Write any two different between Traditional business and e-business.
Answer:

Question 18.
State two social responsibilities of business towards workers.
Answer:

1. Provide fair wages to the workers.
2. Provide bonus to the workers.

Question 19.
Who is promoter?
Answer:
A person or group of persons who conceive the Idea of setting up a new business, assess its feasibility and take necessary steps to arrange the basic requirements and establish a business unit say a company and put into operation is known as promoter.

Question 20.
What is factoring?
Answer:
Factoring is a financial service under which the factor render various services.

Question 21.
Give the meaning of Village Industries.
Answer:
Village industry has been defined as any industry located in a rural area which produces any goods, renders any service with or without the use of power and in which the fixed capital investment per head or artisan or worker does not exceed ₹ 50,000.

Question 22.
Name two products suitable for selling through vending machine.
Answer:

1. Chocolates.
2. Soft drinks.

Question 23.
Write the meaning of Licensing.
Answer:
Licensing is a contractual arrangement in which one firm grants access to its patents, trade secrets or technology to another firm in a foreign country for a fee called royalty.

Question 24.
Why certificate of origin is necessary?
Answer:

• Certificate of origin is one of the required documents for import customer clearance in most of the importing countries.
• Certificate of origin is the document certifying the origin of country where in the export goods are procured and manufactured originally.

Section – C

III. Answer any seven of the following questions in 1(1-12 sentences. Each question carries 4 marks. ( 7 × 4 = 28 )

Question 25.
Explain briefly any four objectives of Business.
Answer:
Economic objectives: Business is an economic activity so their primary objectives are economic.

1. Earning profits: One of the objectives of business is to earn profits on the capital employed. Profitability refers to profit in relation to capital investment. Every business must earn a reasonable profit which is so important for its survival and growth.

2. Market standing: Market standing refers to the position of an enterprise in relation to its competitors. A business enterprise must aim at standing on stronger footing in terms of offering competitive products to its customers and serving them to their satisfaction.

Social objectives: Business is an economic activity which cannot be carried on in isolation; there arise the social objective of business. Important social objectives of modem businesses are:

1. Providing employment: One of the important social objectives of a business is to provide employment to the society. This can be achieved by establishing new business units, expanding market, etc.

2. Prevention of pollution: With the growth of industries, pollution has become a serious matter. Pollution affects the hygiene and the health of human beings and even animals. So, one of the social objectives and obligations of every business is to make efforts to prevent the pollution of air and water.

Question 26.
Explain any four benefits of Joint Venture.
Answer:
The major benefits of joint ventures and public private partnership are as follows:

1. Increased resources and capacity: When two firms come together, it enables the joint venture company to grow and expand more quickly and efficiently as the new business pools in financial and human resources.

2. Access to new markets and distribution networks: When foreign companies form joint venture with companies in a host country, they gain access to the market of host country.

3. Access to technology: Most businesses enter into joint ventures to get access to an advanced technology which is not possible or economically feasible to be developed on their own. Technology adds to efficiency and effectiveness, thus leading to reduction in costs and superior quality products.

4. Innovation: Products become out dated after sometime and demand for them starts falling. Consumers have become more demanding in terms of new and innovative products. Joint ventures enable companies to come up with innovative products because of new ideas and technology acquired from the partner in the joint venture.

5. Low cost of production: When international corporations invest in developing coun¬tries through joint ventures, they are able to benefit from low cost of raw materials and labour. The international partner is thus able to produce the products of required quality and specifications at a much lower cost than what is prevailing in the home country.

Question 27.
Write brief note on any four services of Telecom.
Answer:
1. Cellular Mobile Services: These are all types of mobile telecom services including voice ‘ and non-voice messages, data services and PCO services utilising any type of network equipment within their service area. They can also provide direct inter connectivity with any other type of telecom service provider.

2. Radio Paging Services: A pager is a wireless telecommunication device that receives and displays numeric or text messages, or receives and announces voice messages. One -way pagers can only receive messages, while response pagers and two-way pagers can also acknowledge, reply to, and originate messages using an internal transmitter.

3. Fixed Line Services: A landline telephone refers to a phone which uses a solid medium telephone line such as a metal wire or fibre optic cable for transmission as distinguished from a mobile cellular line which uses radio waves for transmission.

4.Cable Services: Cable television is a system of ’distributing television programs to subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through co-axial cables or light pulses through fibre optic cables.

Question 28.
Explain briefly any four reasons to justify the need for outsourcing.
Answer:
Global competitive pressures for higher quality products at lower costs, ever demanding customers and emerging technologies are responsible for the continuing emergence of outsourcing as a mode of business. Need for outsourcing is outlined in the following points:

1. Focused attention: Business firms are realizing that focusing their limited resources on a few areas where they have core competence, and contracting out the rest of the activities to their outsourcing partners can lead to better efficiency and effectiveness.

2. Quest for excellence: Outsourcing enables the firms to pursue excellence by virtue of limited focus and also by extending their capabilities through contracting out the remaining activities to those who excel in performing them.

3. Cost reduction: It has become necessary for firms operating in global markets to maintain quality of products while keeping prices low. Thus, the only way to survival and profitability is cost reduction.

4. Growth through alliance: Investment requirements are reduced when some activities are outsourced. Outsourcing also facilitates inter organizational knowledge sharing and collaborative learning.

5. Stimulates economic development: Outsourcing stimulates entrepreneurship, employment and exports in the host countries.

For Example: IT sector in India has become undisputed leader as far as global outsourcing in software development and IT-enabled services are concerned having 60% of the global outsourcing share in the informatics sector.

Question 29.
Explain briefly any four reasons responsible for increasing concern of business enterprises towards social responsibility.
Answer:
The following forces have been responsible for increasing concern of business enterprises towards social responsibility:

1. Threat of public regulation: It is one important reason due to which business enterprise feels concerned with social responsibility. Democratically elected governments have to take care of every section of the societies thus regulating the businesses behaving in a socially irresponsible manner.

2. Pressure of labour movement: Labour movement for ensuring fair gains for the working class throughout the world has become very powerful as labour has become far more educated and organized. This has forced business enterprises to pay due regard to the welfare of workers.

3. Impact of consumerism: Development of education and mass media, and increasing competition in the market have made the consumer aware of his rights and power which has forced business enterprises to follow a customer oriented approach.

4. Development of social standard for business: New social standards consider economic activity of business enterprises as legitimate but with the condition that they must also serve social needs. Business functioning is to be ultimately judged on the basis of social standards.

5. Development of business education: Educated persons as consumers, investors, employees, or owners have become more sensitive towards social issues with the development of business education with its rich content of social responsibility.

6. Relationship between social interest and business interest: Business enterprises have started realizing the fact that social interest and business interest are complementary to each other and that long-term benefit of business lies in serving the society well.

Question 30.
State any four differences between Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association.
Answer:

Question 31.
Write a note on (a) Retained earning (b) Trade credit
Answer:
Retained Earnings: A company generally does not distribute all its earnings amongst the shareholders as dividends but a portion of the net earnings may be retained in the business for use in the future this is known as retained earnings. It is a source of internal financing or self financing or ploughing back of profits’. The profit available for ploughing back in an organisation depends on many factors like net profits, dividend policy and age of the organisation.

Trade Credit: It is the credit extended by one trader to another for the purchase of goods and services. Trade credit facilitates the purchase of supplies without immediate payment. Trade credit is commonly used by business organisations as a source of short-term financing. It is granted to those customers who have reasonable amount of financial standing and goodwill. The volume and period of credit extended depends on factors such as reputation of the purchasing firm, financial position of the seller, volume of purchases, past record of payment and degree of competition in the market. Terms of trade credit may vary from one industry to another and from one person to another. A firm may also offer different credit terms to different customers.

Question 32.
Discuss the factors that affects while making the decision for the choice of an appropriate source of funds by business organisation.
Answer:
1. Cost: There are two types of cost viz., the cost of procurement of funds and cost of utilising the funds. Both these costs should be taken into account while deciding about the source of funds that will be used by an organisation.

2. Financial strength and stability of operations: The financial strength of a business is also a key determinant. In the choice of source of funds business should be in a sound financial position so as to be able to repay the principal amount and interest on the borrowed amount.

3. Form of organisation and legal status: The form of business organisation and status influences the choice of a source for raising money.

4. Purpose and time period: Business should plan according to the time period for which the funds are required. A short-term need for example can be met through borrowing funds at low rate of interest through trade credit, commercial paper, etc. For long term finance, sources such as issue of shares and debentures are more appropriate.

Question 33.
Explain briefly any four problems faced by small business.
Answer:
1. Finance: The most serious problem faced by SSls is that non-availability of adequate finance to carry out their operations.

2. Raw materials: Another major problem of small business is the procurement of raw materials. If the required materials are not available, they have to compromise on the quality or have to pay a high price to get good quality materials. They purchase raw materials in small quantities due to lack of storage capacity and hence their bargaining power is low.

3. Managerial skills: Small business is generally promoted and operated by a single person, who may not possess all the managerial skills required to run the business.

4. Less productive labour: Small business firms cannot afford to pay high salaries to their., employees, which affects employee w illingness to work. Thus, productivity per employee is relatively low and employee turnover is generally high.

Question 34.
Explain any four services of wholesalers to retailers.
Answer:
Services of wholesale sellers to retailers are:

1. Availability of goods: Retailers have to maintain adequate stock of varied commodities so that they can offer variety to their customers. The wholesalers make the products of various manufacturers readily available to the retailers. This relieves the retailers of the work of collecting goods from several producers.

2. Marketing support: The wholesalers perform various marketing functions and provide support to the retailers. They undertake advertisements and other sales promotional activities to induce customers to purchase the goods.

3. Grant of credit: The wholesalers generally extend credit facilities to their regular customers. This enables the retailers to manage their business with relatively small amount of working capital.

4. Specialised knowledge: The wholesalers specialise in one line of products and know the pulse of the market. They pass on the benefit of their specialised knowledge to the retailers. They inform the retailers about the new products, their uses, quality, prices, etc.

Section- D

IV. Answer any four of the following questions in 20-25 sentences each. Each question carries 8 marks: ( 4 × 8 = 32 )

Question 35.
What do you understand by a sole proprietorship firm? Explain its merits and limitations.
Answer:
Advantages of Sole Proprietorship:

1. Quick decision making: A sole proprietor enjoys considerable degree of freedom in making business decisions. Further, the decision making is prompt because there is no need to consult others.
2. Confidentiality of information: Sole decision making authority enables the proprietor to keep all the information related to business operations confidential and maintain secrecy.
3. Direct incentive: The need to share profits does not arise as he/she is the single owner. This provides maximum incentive to the sole trader to work hard.
4. Sense of accomplishment: There is a personal satisfaction involved in working for oneself. The knowledge that one is responsible for the success of the business not only contributes to self-satisfaction but also instils in the individual a sense of accomplishment and confidence in ones abilities.

Limitations of sole proprietorship:

1. Limited resources: Resources of a sole proprietor are limited to his/her personal savings and borrowings from others. Banks and other lending institutions may hesitate to extend a long term loan to a sole proprietor.

2. Limited life of a business concern: In the eyes of the law the proprietorship and the owner are considered one and the same. Death, insolvency or illness of a proprietor affects the business and can lead to its closure.

3. Unlimited liability: If the business fails, the creditors can recover their dues not merely from the business assets, but also from the personal assets of the proprietor. A poor decision or an unfavourable circumstance can create serious financial burden on the owners.

4. Limited managerial ability: The owner has to assume the responsibility of varied managerial tasks such as purchasing, selling, financing, etc. It is rare to find an individual who excels in all these areas. Thus, decision making may not be balanced in all the cases.

5. Competition of big industries: Now-a-days in a modem world demands are more. To full fill those numerous demands big industries were formed. By producing goods in large scale, supply them at low rates and also provide other number of facilities. As such sole trading concern unable to complete with them.

Question 36.
Explain various types of co-operative societies.
Answer:
Types of co-operative society:

(i) Consumer’s cooperative societies:

• The consumer cooperative societies are formed to protect the interests of consumers.
• The members comprise of consumers desirous of obtaining good quality products at reasonable prices.
• The society aims at eliminating middlemen to achieve economy in operations.
• It purchases goods in bulk directly from the wholesalers and sells goods to the members directly.
• Profits, if any, are distributed on the basis of either their capital contributions to the society or purchases made by individual members.

(ii) Producer’s cooperative societies:

• These societies are set up to protect the interest of small producers.
• The members comprise of producers desirous of procuring inputs for production of goods to meet the demand of consumers.
• The society aims to fight against the big capitalists and enhance the bargaining power of the small producers.
• It supplies raw materials, equipment and other inputs to the members and also buys their output for sale.
• Profits among the members are generally distributed on the basis of their contributions to the total pool of goods produced or sold by the society.

(iii) Marketing cooperative societies:

• Such societies are established to help small producers in selling their products.
• The members consist of producers who wish to obtain reasonable prices for their output.
• The society aims to eliminate middlemen and improve competitive position of its members by securing a favourable market for the products.
• It pools the output of individual members and performs marketing functions like transportation, warehousing, packaging, etc.
• Profits are distributed according to each member’s contribution to the pool of output.

(iv) Farmer’s cooperative societies:

• These societies are established to protect the interests of farmers by providing better inputs at a reasonable cost.
• the members comprise of farmers who wish to jointly take up farming activities.
• The aim is to gain the benefits of large scale farming and increase the productivity.
• Such societies provide better quality seeds, fertilizers, machinery and other modem techniques.

(v) Credit cooperative societies:

• Credit cooperative societies are established for providing easy credit on reasonable terms to the members.
• The members comprise of persons who seek financial help in the form of loans.
• The aim of such societies is to protect the members from the exploitation of lenders who charge high rates of interest on loans.
• Such societies provide loans to members out of the amounts collected as capital and deposits from the members and charge low rates of interest.

(vi) Cooperative housing societies:

• To help people with limited income to construct houses at reasonable costs.
• The members of these societies consist procuring residential accommodation at lower costs.
• The aim is to solve the housing problems of the members by constructing houses and giving the option of paying in installments.
• These societies construct flats or provide plots to members on which the members themselves can construct the houses as per their choice.

Question 37.
Explain the general principles of Insurance.
Answer:
1. Principle of utmost good faith: According to this principle, the insurance contract must be signed by both parties (i.e. insurer and insured) in an absolute good faith or belief or trust. The person getting insured must willingly disclose and surrender to the insurer his complete true information regarding the subject matter of insurance.
Example: If any person has taken a life insurance policy by hiding the fact that he is a cancer patient and later on if he dies because of cancer then Insurance Company can refuse to pay the compensation as the fact was hidden by the insured.

2. Principle of insurable interest: As per this principle, the insured must have insurable interest in the subject matter of insurance. It means insured should gain by the existence or safety and lose by the destruction of the subject matter of insurance.
Example: If a person has taken the loan against the security of a factory premises then the lender can take fire insurance policy of that factory without being the owner of the factory because he has financial interest in the factory premises.

3. Principle of indemnity: According to the principle of indemnity, an insurance contract is signed only for getting protection against unpredicted financial losses arising due to future uncertainties. Insurance contract is not made for making profit else its sole purpose is to give compensation in case of any damage or loss.
Example: A person insured a car for 5 lakhs against damage or an accident case. Due to accident he suffered a loss of 3 lakhs, then the insurance company will compensate him 3 lakhs not only the policy amount i.e., 5 lakhs as the purpose behind it is to compensate not to make profit.

4. Principle of contribution: According to this principle, the insured can claim the compensation only to the extent of actual loss either from all insurers in a proportion or from any one insurer.
Example: A person gets his house insured against fire for 50,000 with insurer A and for 25,000 with insurer B. A loss of 37,500 occurred. Then A is liable to pay 25,000 and B is liable to pay 12,500.

5. Principle of subrogation: According to the principle of subrogation, when the insured is compensated for the losses due to damage to his insured property, then the ownership right of such property shifts to the insurer.
Example: If a person receives Rs. 1 lakh for his or her damaged stock, then the ownership of the stock will be transferred to the insurance company and the person will hold no control over the stock.

6. Principle of mitigation of loss: According to the Principle of mitigation of loss, insured
must always try his level best to minimize the loss of his insured property, in case of uncertain events like a fire outbreak or blast, etc. The insured must not neglect and behave irresponsibly during such events just because the property is insured.

Example: If a person has insured his house against fire, then, in case of fire, he or she should take all possible measures to minimise the damage to the property exactly in the manner he or she would have done in absence of the insurance.

7. Principle of Causa Proxima: Principle of Causa Proxima (a Latin phrase), or in simple English words, the Principle of Proximate (i.e. Nearest) Cause, means when a loss is caused by more than one causes, the proximate or the nearest cause should be taken into consideration to decide the liability of the insurer.

Example: If an individual suffers a loss in a fire accident, then this should already be a part of the contract in order for this person to claim the insurance amount.

Question 38.
Discuss any 4 sources of finance from which a company can meet its financial requirements.
Answer:
Equity Shares:

• Equity shares represent the ownership of a company and thus the capital raised by issue of such shares is known as ownership capital or owner’s funds.
• Equity shares are shares, which do not enjoy any preferential right in the matter of claim of dividend or repayment of capital.
• Equity shareholders are regarded as the owners of the company who exercise their authority through the voting rights they enjoy.

Preference Shares:

(a) The capital raised by issue of preference shares is called preference share capital.

2. The preference shareholders enjoy a preferential position over equity shareholders in two ways:

• Receiving a fixed rate of dividend, out of the net profits of the company, before any dividend is declared for equity shareholders.
• Receiving their capital after the claims of the company’s creditors have been settled, at the time of liquidation.

3. In other words, as compared to the equity shareholders, the preference shareholders have a preferential claim over dividend and repayment of capital. Preference shares resemble debentures as they bear fixed rate of return. Also as the dividend is payable only at the discretion of the directors and only out of profit after tax, to that extent, these resemble equity shares.

4. Thus, preference shares have some characteristics of both equity shares and debentures.
Preference shareholders generally do not enjoy any voting rights.

Retained Earnings :
Company generally does not distribute all its earnings amongst the shareholders as dividends. A portion of the net earnings may be retained in the business for use in the future. This is known as retained earnings.

Merits:

• Retained earnings is a permanent source of funds available to an organisation.
• It does not involve any explicit cost in the form of interest, dividend or floatation cost.
• As the funds are generated internally, there is a greater degree of operational freedom
  and flexibility.
• It enhances the capacity of the business to absorb unexpected losses.
• It may lead to increase in the market price of the equity shares of a company.

Demerits:

• Excessive ploughing back may cause dissatisfaction amongst the shareholders as they would get lower dividends.
• It is an uncertain source of funds as the profits of business are fluctuating.
• The opportunity cost associated with these funds is not recognised by many firms. This may lead to sub-optimal use of the funds.

Merits of commercial papers :

• A commercial paper is sold on an unsecured basis and does not contain any restrictive conditions.
• As it is a freely transferable instrument, it has high liquidity.
• It provides more funds compared to other sources. Generally, the cost of CP to the issuing firm is lower than the cost of commercial bank loans.
• A commercial paper provides a continuous source of funds. This is because their maturity can be tailored to suit the requirements of the issuing firm. Further, maturing commercial paper can be repaid by selling new commercial paper.
• Companies can park their excess funds in commercial paper thereby earning some good return on the same.

Limitations of commercial papers :

• Only financially sound and highly rated firms can raise money through commercial papers. New and moderately rated firms are not in a position to raise funds by this method.
• The size of money that can be raised through commercial paper is limited to the excess liquidity available with the suppliers of funds at a particular time.
• Commercial paper is an impersonal method of financing. As such if a firm is not in a position to redeem its paper due to financial difficulties, extending the maturity of a CP is not possible.

Question 39.
Explain four advantages and four limitations of multiple shops.
Answer:
Merits

• Economies of scale: As there is central procurement/manufacturing, the multiple-shop organisation enjoys the economies of scale.
• Elimination of middlemen: By selling directly to the consumers, the multiple-shop organisation is able to eliminate unnecessary middlemen in the sale of goods and services.
• No bad debts: Since all the sales in these shops are made on cash basis, there are no losses on account of bad debts.
• Transfer of goods: The goods not in demand in a particular locality may be transferred to another locality where it is in demand. This reduces the chances of dead stock in these shops.
• Diffusion of risk: The losses incurred by one shop may be covered by profits in other shops, reducing the total risk of an organisation.
• Low cost: Because of centralised a purchasing, elimination of middlemen, centralised promotion of sales and increased sales, the multiple shops have lower cost of business.
• Flexibility: Under this system, if a shop is not operating at a profit, the management may decide to close it or shift it to some other place without really affecting the profitability of the organisation as a whole.

Limitations:

• Limited selection of goods: The multiple shops deal only in limited range of products, mostly those produced by the marketers. They do not sell products of other manufacturers.
• Lack of initiative: The personnel managing the multiple shops have to obey the instructions received from the head office. This makes them habitual of looking up to the head office for guidance on all matters, and takes away the initiative from them to use their creative skills to satisfy the customers.
• Lack of personal touch: Lack of initiative in the employees sometimes leads to indifference and lack of personal touch in them.
• Difficult to change demand: If the demand for the merchandise handled by multiple shops change rapidly, the management may have to sustain huge losses because of large stocks lying unsold at the central depot.

Question 40.
Bring out eight difference between Domestic and International Business.
Answer:

Section – E
(Practical Oriented Questions)

V. Answer any TWO of the following questions: ( 2 × 5 = 10 )

Question 41.
You are planning to start a new business. Make a list of any five factors you consider w hile selecting a suitable form of business organization
Answer:
The five factor that should be considered while selecting a suitable form of business organisation are:

1. Cost
2. Liability
3. Continuity
4. Management ability
5. Degree of control
6. Capital consideration
7. Nature of business.

Question 42.
AS a businessman having concern for environment protection, suggest any five measures to control environment pollution.
Answer:
Five measure to control environment pollution are:

• Definite commitment by top management of enterprise to create, maintain and develop work culture for environmental protection and pollution prevention.
• Complying with laws and regulations enacted by the government for prevention of pollution.
• Participation in government programmes relating to management of hazardous substance, plantation of trees and checking deforestation.
• Ensuring that commitment to environmental protection is shared throughout the enterprise by all divisions and employees.
• Arranging educational workshop and training materials to share technical information and experience with suppliers, dealers and customers to get them actively involved in pollution control programmes.

Question 43.
Mention any five foreign trade promotion measures and schemes undertaken by the Government of India to boost up foreign trade.
Answer:
Five foreign trade promotion measures and schemes undertaken by Government of India to boost up foreign trade are:

1. Duty drawback scheme.
2. Advance licence scheme.
3. Exemption from payment of sales taxes.
4. Export promotion capital goods scheme.
5. Export finance at concessional rates of interest.
6. Export of services.
7. Export processing zones.
8. 100 percent export oriented unit.