Students can Download 1st PUC Geography Chapter 11 Natural Hazards and Disasters Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, 1st PUC Geography Question Bank with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and to clear all their doubts, score well in final exams.
Karnataka 1st PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 11 Natural Hazards and Disasters
1st PUC Geography Natural Hazards and Disasters Text Book Questions and Answers
I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.
Question 1.
What is a Natural Hazard?
Answer:
Natural Hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on the people or the environment. Eg: Earthquakes, droughts, famines, Tsunamis etc.
Question 2.
What do you mean by Natural Disaster?
Answer:
Natural Disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth Eg: earthquakes, floods, droughts, famine, volcanic eruptions etc.
Question 3.
Mention any two types of disasters.
Answer:
- Earth quakes
- Droughts.
Question 4.
What are floods?
Answer:
Floods – are high stream flow that overflows the natural bonks of rivers.
Question 5.
Name the most important flood-prone area of India.
Answer:
- The Ganga basin
- The Brahmaputra Basin
- Central India and peninsular river basin.
Question 6.
Why are cyclones caused in the Bay of Bengal?
Answer:
The Bay of Bengal is subject to intense heating, giving rise to humid and unstable air masses that produce cyclones.
Question 7.
What is drought?
Answer:
Drought are extended period shortage of water availability due to inadequate precipitation, excessive rate of evaporation and over utilization of water.
Question 8.
Which region of Inida is in the extreme drought prone area?
Answer:
Western parts of Rajasthan, Kutch regions of Gujrat. and semi-arid regions of western and North western parts of India.
Question 9.
Why does landslide occur?
Answer:
Landslides or landslip are caused by natural and human induced forces such as severe marine erosion of sea coast, seismic activity, Heavy rainfall, mining quarrying, Deforestation, over grazing and unscientific agricultural activities.
Question 10.
Mention the most important avalanche prone area of India.
Answer:
Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarkhand, Sikkim and parts of Arunachal Pradesh.
II. Answer the following in two or three sentence each.
Question 1.
Name the two most important seismic zones of India.
Answer:
- Jammu and Kashmir
- Gujrat
Question 2.
Mention any four factors that cause floods.
Answer:
Man made factors:
- Deforestation
- Occupancy of flood plains and rivers beds.
Natural Factors:
- Continuous rainfall for a longperiod
- Cyclones.
Question 3.
State two important flood prone areas of the country.
Answer:
- The Ganga Basin
- The Brahmaputra Basin.
Question 4.
Name any four factors that cause drought and famine.
Answer:
- Droughts occur when rainfall is less than 25% to 50%ofaverage annual rainfall
- Excessive rate pf evaporation
- Over utilization of water from reservoirs and other storages such as ground water.
- Improper agricultural practice.
Question 5.
Mention any four consequences of natural hazard and disasters.
Answer:
- Loss of human Life
- Loss of Property
- Loss of animal wealth
- destruction of vegetation.
III. Answer the following.
Question 1.
Explain the major seimic zones of India.
Answer:
Distribution:
The distribution of earthquakes in India is mainly found in the fractured zones, folded areas, faulting belts and human interference regions on the crust. Nationa Geophysical Laboratory, Geological Survey of India, Department of Meteorology along with the National Disaster Management have made an intensive analysis of more than 1200 earthquakes that have divided India into five main Seismic Zones.
Zone V:
This is the most severe (intensity above 7 in Richter Scale) seismic zone and is referred as Very High Damage (disastrous and catastrophic) Risk Zone. The areas are Northeastern States, Parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Bihar and Kutch region.
Zone IV:
This zone is second in severity (intensity between 5 and 7 in R.S) to zone V. This is referred to as High Damage (destructive) Risk Zone. Northern regions of Jannu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Parts of Bihar, UP, Gujarat, West Bengal he in this region.
Zone III:
This is termed as Moderate Damage (very Strong) Risk Zone (intensity between 3 and 5 inR.S). The areas are Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Maharashtra, Northern Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West coastal region etc.
Zone II:
This zone is referred to as Low Damage (Strong) Risk Zone (intensity 2 to 3 .R.S). The areas are Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha etc.
Zone I:
This zone is termed as Very Low Damage (Slight- tremor) Risk zone. The left out parts of India and Deccan Plateau region.
Question 2.
Briefly explain the distribution of flood prone areas of India.
Answer:
Distribution:
India, being a peninsular country and surrounded by the Arabian sea, Indian ocean and the Bay of Bengal, is quite prone to floods. As per the Geological Survey of India, th major flood prone sareas of India cover more than 12.5% area of the country. Every year, flood, the most common disaster causes immense loss to the country’s property and lives.
Flood prone areas of India:
1. The Ganga basin:
The badly affected states of the Ganga basin are U.P, Bihar and West Bengal. Besides the Ganga River, Sarada, Gandak and Ghagra cause flood in Eastern part of U.P. The Yamuna is famous for flooding Haryana, U.P. and Delhu, Bihar experiences massive and dangerous flood every year by the Kosi. Rivers like the Mahanadi, Bhagirathi and Damodar also cause floods.
2. The Brahmaputra basin:
The Brahmaputra alsong with its tributaries flodds the areas of Assam and North west Bengal regions.
3. The Central India and Peninsular river basin:
In Odisha spilling over of river banks by the Mahanadi, Baitamika and Brahmani causes havoc, southern and central India experience folds caused by the Narmada, Godavari, Tapit and Krishna during heavy rainfall Cyclonic Storms in the deltaic regions of the Godavari, Mahanadi and the Krishna flood the coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Tamil Nadu. Small rivers of Kerala and Mud stream from the nearby hills add on to the destruction.
Question 3.
Explain the major drought-prone areas of India.
Answer:
Distribution:
On the basis of severity of droughts, India can be divided into three drought prone areas.
1. The extreme drought prone areas:
This is the most important.drought prone area of the country which has been recording continuous drought for many years. The regions are wesdtem parts of Rahasthan, Kutch regions of Gujarat and Semi-arid western parts of Rajasthan, Kutch regions of Gujarat and semi-arid and arid regions of Western and nOrth western parts oflndia.
2. The Severe drought prone areas:
This is die second important drought prone areas of the country. The eastern parts of Rajasthan, western parts of Madhya Pradesh, Parts o if Maharashtra, interior parts of Andhra Pradesh, North and northeastern parts ofKamataka. northern and interior parts of Tamil Nadu, interior Odisha and southern parts of Jharkhand.
3. The Moderate drought prone areas:
This region is mainly found in northern parts of Rajasthan, western parts of Haryana, Southern regions ofU.P., parts of Gujarat; Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu and Interior parts of Karnataka.