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Karnataka 1st PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 7 Biosphere
1st PUC Geography Biosphere Text Book Questions and Answers
I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.
Question 1.
Why is the Earth called ‘Living Planet’?
Answer:
The Earth is called a ‘Living Planet’ because of the existence of living organisms on the Earth due to the presence of solid lithosphere, gaseous atmosphere and liquid hydrosphere.
Question 2.
What is Environment?
Answer:
The sum total of surrounding external conditions within which an organism, a community or an object exists is known as ‘Environment’
Question 3.
Define Ecology.
Answer:
The science of the relationship between living organisms and their surroundings.
Question 4.
What is Biomes?
Answer:
A distinct group of life forms and the environment in whcih they are found is called ‘Biomes’.
Question 5.
Define the term Biodiversity.
Answer:
- The term ‘Biodiversity’ is derived from two words ‘Biolife’ and ‘diversity-variety’
- The varied range of flora and fauna found within a specified geographic region is called ‘Biodiversity’
- Biodiversity is exprssed as the totality of different organisms (Plants, animals and micro-organisms), the genes they contion and eco-system they form.
II. Answer the following in two or three sentences each.
Question 1.
What are the components of the Biosphere?
Answer:
The components of Bio-Sphere are flora and fauna.
Question 2.
Name the two types of Environment.
Answer:
- Physical Environment
- Cultural environment.
Question 3.
What is ‘Ecological balance’?
Answer:
Ecological balance or Balance of Nature is the theory that states ecological systems are usually in a stable equilibrium. A small change in some particular parameter of an eco-system will be corrected by some negative feedback that will bring the parameter back to its orginal state with the rest of the system. Is called ‘Point of Balance ’.
Question 4.
Mention any four types of biomes.
Answer:
- Forest Biome
- Savanna Biome
- Desert Biome
- Tundra Biome.
Question 5.
State the features of Genetic biodiversity.
Answer:
Genetic Diversity:
Genes are the basic building blocks of various life forms. Genetic biodiversity refers to the variation of genes within the species. It refers to the variation of individual organisms having certain similarities in their physical characteristics called species.
Human beings genetically belong to the homo-sapiens group and also differ in their characteristics such as height, color, hair, physical appearance etc., This genetic diversity is essential for a healthy breeding of population species.
III. Answer the following.
Question 1.
Briefly explain the Biomes.
Answer:
A distinct group of life forms and the environment in which they are found is called ‘Biomes’. In other words, Biome is a plant and animal community that covers a large geographical area. It is the largest recognizable sub-division in a terrestrial ecosystem.
The boundaries of different biomes on land are determined mainly by climatic conditions like rainfall, temperature, humidity and soil conditions. It is the total assemblage of plant and animal species interacting within specific conditions.
Types of Biomes:
Geographers recognize 10 to 20 major types of terrestrial ecosystems or biomes in the World. On the basis of the dominant life form, six major biomes are identified. They are:
- Forest biome
- Savanna biome
- Grassland biome
- Desert biome
- Tundra biome
- Aquatic biome.
1. Forest biome:
Trees are the dominant life form of forest biome. High temperature, humid climate and soil moisture help for thick tree cover. The equatorial region is dominant with forest biome.
2. Savanna biome:
It is the transitional biome between.the-forest bionic and grassland biome. Savanna biome comprises of trees with grasses and herbs. It occupies the areas of low and seasonal rainfall.
3. Grassland biome:
In this biome, grasses constitute the dominant vegetation. It is dominant in the moderate soil water deficit regions, Semi-arid areas of dry tropical, sub-tropical and mid-latitude regions.
4. Desert biome:
It includes organisms capable of surviving in moderate to severe water deficit for most of the year. In this region, the temperature may range from hot to cool. Most common plants found in this belt are xerophytes (survives in dry weather).
5. Tundra biome:
It includes small plants that can grow quickly during a short warm to cool summer season, in the low temperature and high latitudinal areas.
6. Aquatic biome:
Aquatic regions house numerous species of plants and animals, both large and small. This is where life began billions of years ago. Without water, most life forms would be unable to sustain themselves and the Earth would be a barrenm desert-like place. Important Aquatic biomes are found in ponds, lakes, Rivers, Wetlands and Oceans.
Question 2.
Describe the main aspects and three levels of study of Biodiversity.
Answer:
The varied range of flora and fauna found within a specified geographic region is called ‘Biodiversity’. The term ‘Biodiversity’ is derived from two words ‘Bio’- life and ‘diversity’-variety. It is expressed as the totality of different organisms (plants, animals and micro-organisms), the genes they contain and the ecosystem they form.
The study of biodiversity has become a major environmental issue because environments are being degraded at an accelerating rate. Much diversity is being irreversibly lost through the destruction of natural habitats, and science is discovering new uses for biological diversity (Wilson, 1988′).
Biodiversity has five main aspects:
- The distribution of different kinds of ecosystem
- The total number of species in a region
- The number of endemic species in an area
- The genetic diversity in an individual species
- The sub-population of an individual species which embrace the genetic diversity (Majid Husain -2009).
The study of biodiversityis dealt at three levels:
- 1. Genetic Diversity.
- Species Diversity.
- Ecosystem Diversity
1. Genetic Diversity:
Genes are the basic buliding blocks of various life forms. Genetic biodiversity refers to the variation of genes within the species. It ~ refers to the variation of individual organisms having certain similarities in their physical characteristics called species.
Human beings genetically belong to the home-sapiens group and also differ in their charcteristics such as height, color, hair, physical appearance etc., This genetic diversity is essential for a healthy breeding of population species.
2. Species Diversity:
The Species diversity refers to the varietyof species. It relates to the number of species in a defined area and it is measured throught its richness, abundance and types. Some areas are more rich in species than others. Areas rich in species diversity are called the ‘Hot Spots’ ofbiodiversity.
3. Ecosystem Diversity:
Broad differences between ecosystem types and the diversity of habitats and ecological processes occurring withing each, ecosystem constitute Ecosystem Diversity. The boundaries communities (association of species) and ecosystem are defined. The demarcation of ecosystem boundaries is difficult and complex.
Biodiversity is important for human existence. All forms of life are so closely interlinked that disturbance in one gives rise to impalance in the others. If species of plants and animals become endangered, they cause degradation in the enviroment, which may threaten human being’s own existence.
Thus, Biosphere with its elements like environment, ecology, biomes and biodiversity describes the characteristics of life layer, types and their spatial distribution on the Earth. Understanding the inter-relationship between man and nature and their existence is the essence of the study of the life layer.