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Karnataka 1st PUC History Question Bank Chapter 12 Non-Aligned Movement-Emergence of the Third world
1st PUC History Non-Aligned Movement-Emergence of the Third world Text Book Questions and Answers
I. Answer in one word or one sentence (Each carries 1 Mark).
Question 1.
Who was the first to use the word ‘Non-Aligned’?
Answer:
V. K Krishna Menon, the external affairs minister in Jawahar Lai Nehru was used the word.
Question 2.
What is Non-Aligned Movement?
Answer:
Non-Alignment is a movement to settle the international problems through peaceful and harmonious means without the use of force of weapons.
Question 3.
What according to Nehru is the Non-Aligned Movement?
Answer:
Opposing the aggressive policy of power block protecting freedom and equality and developing peaceful co-existence without interfering in the internal affairs of each other.
Question 4.
Where was the first summit of Non-Aligned countries held?
Answer:
Held at Belgrade in 1961.
Question 5.
When was the Bandung conference held?
Answer:
In 1955
Question 6.
When was the Belgrade conference held?
Answer:
In 1961.
Question 7.
Who was the Indian Primeminister who participated in the Bandung conference?
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru.
Question 8.
Who was the Indonesian president who participated in the Bandung conference?
Answer:
Josep Broz tito
Question 9.
Name the Egyptian President who participated in the Bandung conference?
Answer:
Abdul Naseer
Question 10.
Who presided over the Non-Aligned Sumit at Delhi?
Answer:
Smt. Indira Gandhi at Delhi.
II. Answer in two words or two sentence each (Each carries two marks).
Question 1.
Who used the word ‘Non-Aligned’ for the first time? When?
Answer:
V. K.Krishna Menon In 1953.
Question 2.
Where and when did Nehru use the word ‘Non-Aligned’?
Answer:
Nehru at Colombo in 1976.
Question 3.
Write the two principles of Non-Aligned movement
Answer:
- Mutual non-Aggression
- Non-interference in internal affairs.
- Peaceful co-Existence.
Question 4.
When was the Bandung conference held? Who presided over it?
Answer:
In 1955 in Indonesia. Indonesian president Ahmad Sukarno organised and presided over this conference.
Question 5.
Name the two leaders of Bandung conference.
Answer:
Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, The president of Indonesia Ahmed Sukarno, The president of Yugoslavia Josip Broztito, The president of Egypt Abdul Nasser and The president of Ghana Kwarne NKrumah.
Question 6.
Who were called as “The three stalwarts’ (The Trio) of NAM?
Answer:
Tito, Nehru and Nasser played important role in NAM. So, They were called as ‘The three statl warts’ (The trio) of Non-Aligned block.
Question 7.
When was the Belgrade summit held? Who presided over it?
Answer:
The first conference of NAM was held at Belgrade the capital of Yugoslavia in the year 1961. It was presided over by Josip Broz tito. 9th conference held at Belgrade the capital of Yugoslavia in 1989. The India prime minister Rajiv Gandhi participated and call for establishing “Global protection! fund”.
Question 8.
Where and in which year did the Non-Aligned movement begin?
Answer:
In 1947 at New Delhi, Asian countries felt the need of an organisation to solve their problem. This is the future led to the origin of Non Aligned Movement. Bandurg conference advocates the need for the world peace.
Question 9.
When was the first summit of Non-Aligned countries held? Who presided over it?
Answer:
In 1961 at Belgrade the capital of Yugoslavia. This was presided ever by Josip Broz Tito the president of Yogoslavia.
Question 10.
Where and when was the 7th Summit of Non-Aligned countries held?
Answer:
The 7th summit of NAM countries was held at Delhi in 1983. The Prime minister Indira Gandhi presided over that conference.
Question 11.
Where was the 8th Summit of Non-Aligned countries held? Who was Indian Primeminister who participated in it?
Answer:
The 8th summit of NAM countries was held at Harare (Zimbabwe) in 1986. The Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi Participated in it.
Question 12.
Where was the 9th Summit of Non-Aligned countries held? Name the Indian Prime-Minister who participated in it?
Answer:
The 9th summit of NAM countries was held at Belgrade the capital of Yugoslavia, In this summit, Rajiv Gandhi, the prime minister of India participated in the conference.
III. Answer in 15 – 20 sentences (Each carries Five marks).
Question 1.
Describe the objectives of Non-Aligned Movement.
Answer:
- To reduce the intensity of cold war between the two power blocs of America and U.S.S.R.
- To settle international disputes through peaceful dialogues.
- To applause colonialism and imperialism and support movement against them.
- To support atomic weapon reduction agreement and come out of military agreements.
- To condemn in the acts of aggression, injustice of the power block and to take measures to stop them.
- To oppose racial corflicts, class discrimination and Apartheid and to stage a tight against them.
- To safeguard the weaker countries from the economic exploitation of the developed countries. To give financial assistance to developing countries.
- To protect fundamental human rights.
- To solve problems like poverty, hunger and illiteracy faced by Non-Aligned Nations.
- To support the programs undertaken by the United Nations organisation (UNO)
- To remove economic dependence and build self-dependence.
- To uphold democratic principles and popularise them.
Question 2.
Describe the causes for the rise of Non-Aligned movement.
Answer:
Many causes that led to the rise of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM):
- Birth of Nationalism: Many Asian, African and Latin American countries got independence before the cold war. They decided to remain independent of power block.
- Problems like poverty: Illiteracy, unemployment and overpopulation use the common problems faced by the III world countries. They wanted to find out the solution to these problems.
- The policy of world peace: Conflict between capatalist and communist blocs caused unrest in the world. Hence NAM emerged to establish world peace.
- NAM countries came together to free themselves from the economic exploitation and dependence on developed countries to achieve progress.
- The principles of Pancha Sheela were inspired the developing countries to protect their freedom and existence.
- Leaders Like Nehru, Naseer, Tito and Ahmed Sukarno were played an important role to form the NAM
- NAM countries came forward to oppose the two power blocs of the world, which imposed their dominance over them.
- Cold war started between the USA and USSR. NAM was needed to bring it under control.
Question 3.
Describe the features of Non-Aligned Movement.
Answer:
Features of Non-Aligned countries.
- Economic Backwardness: All most all NAM countries are Economically backward their main occupation Agriculture and poor industries. Hence the national production and per capita income of the^e countries is very less.
- Dependence on other: These are backward in science, technology and military. So, they dependent in forward countries.
- Rural structure: NAM countries comprises of more number of villages. They are deprived of basic intrastructure.
- Over population: Because of poverty, illiteracy, superstitions etc, were causes for more polution in NAM countries. The Government of these countries not checked the over population. They under took many programmes but they were failed to reached the beneficiaries so, over population is major cause for the backwardness of these countries.
- Poverty and Hunger: It in serious and challenging problems for NAM countries. They are dependent on developing countries for food grains and other things.
- Spread of epidemics: The negligence of health is the evident in the NAM countries There is scarecity of health services are common.
- Illiteracy: The Educational development policies of NAM are not adequate, it causes for many problems on society.
- Most of the NAM countries are ling under foreign debt(Loan). It ineviteble for NAM to meet the serious challenges of countries. They have been forced to borrow new loans to repay the old loans and interests on them.
- Migration to safer places of other countries for employment. Food and self-protection is common in these natuns.
- The scarcity of water, unstable government lack of modem military, science, technology are common factors in the NAM.
Question 4.
Describe the achievements of Non-Aligned Movement.
Answer:
Achievements of Non-Aligned movement:
History:
- It has helped to decrease the intensity of cold war,
- Helped UNO in resolving the issues pertaining to Koreas, Vietnam, Cuba and kitwait.
- Worked hard to end apartheid in South Africa.
- Inspired treaties to reduce atomic weapons.
- Worked hard to resist the dominance of power’ blocs.
- Popularised Democratic principles.
- NAM is working hard to establish international peace.
- NAM is trying to find out the solutions to the problems faced by member nations.
- NAM is fighting for the self-reliance of member countries.
Question 5.
What are the limitations of Non-Aligned Movement?
Answer:
Limitation of Non-Aligned movement NAM countries has been following the path of peace. It has opposed military powers. NAM economically, backward, and backward in military, science, technology even agriculture. So, It is inevitable for the NAM sought the help of die developed nations this causes many weakness of NAM.
- On 2nd August 1990, Kuwait occupied Iraq. Though these two countries are members of NAM, it failed to solve the problem.
- Arabian countries do not have complete interest in the non- aligned movement.
- Non Aligned movement has failed to get such able leadership.
- Interval disputes among the NAM countries and the lack of unity have weakened it.
- NAM countries preaching disarmament on the other hand are purchasing war armaments from powerful countries.
- NAM countries do not have their military power. It is impossible to achieve anything through criticism and peaceful talks.
- Non-alignd countries have failed in checking terrorism.
Question 6.
Write about the relationship between India and NAM.
Answer:
India played an important role in the origin of non-Aligned movement. Jawahar Lai Nehru the prime minister of India is called the Architect of Non-Aligned movement His Pancha Sheela principles formed the important principles of Non-Aligned movement. It was officially declared in the Banding conference.
These principles got world recognition. The 7th summit of Non Aligned countries was held at Delhi. It was presided over. smt. Indira Gandhi she said we should become a united voice in the international organisation. The 8th and 9th summit of NAM, prime minister Rajiv Gandhi participated in it.
He forced to release Nelson Mandel of South Africa. He called to establish an African fund and Global protection fund. 12th ,13th summits of NAM countries were attended by Atal Bihari Vajapeyee. He gave call to take a firm decision to combat international terrorism.
14th summit of NAM countries, Dr man Mohan singh the p.m of India participated and spoke out international terrorism and nuclear disarmament
Thus India has good relations with NAM.
IV. Answer in 30 to 40 sentence (Ten Marks).
Question 1.
Trace the development of Non-Aligned Movement.
Answer:
India is the first country responsible for the emergence of Non- Aligned Movement. India’s prime minister pandit Jawaharalal Nehru is one of the architects of Non-Aligned movement. In a meeting of the Asian countries in 1947 at new Delhi, the participating country felt the need an organization to solve their problems.
This is the future led to the origin of Non-Aligned movement. Bondung cenference in 1955: A conference of the African and Asian countries held at Bondung in Indonesia in the year 1955. Indonisian president organised and presided over the conference, 29 countries participated in it.
The most important leaders who participated in conterence were indian prime minister Jawahar lal Nehru, the Indonasian president Ahmed sukarvo, The prisedent of Yugoslavia. Josip Broz tito, the prisedent of Egypt Abdul Naseer, the president of China Kwame Nkrumah. They are called the founders of Non- Aligned Movement.
They desired peacefully Amicable, military, political, Economic, biletaral relationship with America and Soviet Union. Nehru mooted purchased a principles, at the conference. It was seconded by Naseer, Tito, and Sukarno. Bandung conference advocated the need for world peace.
The meeting expressed a desire to pose strong competition to the developed countries. As a result first conference of the Non-Aligned movement was held at Belgrade the capital of Yugoslavia in the year 1961. It was organised and presided by Joseph Broz Tito the president of Yugoslavia Many causes that led to the rise of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
1. Birth of Nationalism:
Many Asian, African and Latin American countries got independence before the cold war. They decided to remain independent of power block.
2. Problems like poverty:
Illiteracy, unemployment and overpopulation are common:
- To implement disarmament
- To move along the U.N.O
- To end Apartheid.
- To strive or world peace.
3. Name the important countries that participated in Belgrade conference:
The permanent countries that participated in Belgrad conference were India, Afghanistan, Algeria, Burma, Cambodia, Srilanka, Cuba, Egypt, Ghana, Iraq Etc.
4. What were the important resolution passed in the Bandung conference:
Bandung conference held at Bandung is Indonesia in 1955. Indonesian President Ahmed Sukarno organized and presided over this conference. The important resolution passed in their conference were:
- To bring in mutual economic cooperation and cultural exchange between Astro-Asian countries.
- To give importance to international peaceful co-Existence.
- Non interference in the internal affairs of other countries.
- Protection of fundamental human rights.
- Not to align with the powerful military blocs of the world.