2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 8 Agriculture

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Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 8 Agriculture

2nd PUC Geography Agriculture Text Book Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
What is agriculture?
Answer:
The word agriculture is derived from two Latin words Agri means land and cultural means cultivation so Agriculture means cultivation of land. It is plowing of land, Sowing seeds, protecting plants, and obtaining crops for the use of people and domestic animals.

2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 8 Agriculture

Question 2.
What is Subsistence farming?
Answer:
Subsistence farming is a system in which crops are grown for domestic consumption or for their own use.

Question 3.
Define Migratory farming.
Answer:
It is a primitive method of farming practised by tribals in the tropical rainy forest in this method farmer clear the forest by cutting and burning the bushes and trees and then they cultivate land. After wards they migrate to another part of the forest..

Question 4.
Which crops are suitable to dry fanning?
Answer:
The crops which are suitable for dry farming are Jo war, bajra, ragi and oil seeds.

Question 5.
What is ‘Green Revolution’?
Answer:
Increasing in food production through the introduction of high yield crop varieties and application of modem agricultural techniques is called green Revolution.

Question 6.
What is Tissue culture?
Answer:
The growing ofa cell or tissue or an organ in an artifical, aspects and nutritive medium is called Tissue culture.

Question 7.
Define Organic farming.
Answer:
Organic farming is the form of agriculture that uses green manure, composed and biological pest control. Chemical fertilizer and pesticides are not used in organic farming.

2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 8 Agriculture

Question 8.
Which state is the largest producer of vegetables?
Answer:
West Bengal state is the largest producer of vegetables about 15% of the country’s production.

Question 9.
Which is the king of Spices?
Answer:
Black pepper is known as the king of spices.

Question 10.
What do you mean by Catch crops?
Answer:
The crops which are grown in between Kharif and Rabi season due to loss in the long term crops, the vegetable crops-are grown this kind of arrangement of growing the vegetables is called catch crops.

Question 11.
Which state is popular for the production of Basmati rice in India?
Answer:
Punjab state is popular for the production of Basumati rice in India.

Question 12.
What do you mean by food crops?
Answer:
The crops which are grown to provide the basic and essential food for people are known as food crops.

Question 13.
Define the plantation crops.
Answer:
The crops which are grown on plantations covering large estates are known as plantation crops.

Question 14.
What is ratooning system?
Answer:
After the harvesting of sugar cane, it begins to grow again from the roots or systems of the previously planted cane and produce a second crop and it is called ratoon system of croping.

2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 8 Agriculture

Question 15.
Mention two important beverage crops of India.
Answer:
Tea and coffee are the two important beverage crops of India.

II. Answer the following in a two or three sentences each.

Question 1.
Mention the different names of migration farming in India.
Answer:
The different names of migration farming in India are:

  1. Jhumming in North-Eastern region [Assam]
  2. Koman in odisha.
  3. Ponam in Kerala.
  4. Podu in Andhra pradesh.

Question 2.
What is mixed farming? When it has been introduced in India?
Answer:
Farming that includes the raising of crops and keeping of live stock is called mixed farming. It has been introduced in India since 1951.

Question 3.
What are Aus, A man and Boro?
Answer:
Aus, Aman and Boro are different types ofricecrop.

  1. Aus or Autuman rice: Is sown in may-June and harvested in september-October.
  2. Aman Or winter rice: Is sown in June-July and harvested in November and December. It is the most important crop grown in India.
  3. Boro or summer rice is sown in november December and harvested in March and April.

Question 4.
Explain the lowland rice.
Answer:
The low land rice is grown in low lands or marshy areas, it is grown by transplanting, use of irrigation and in densly populated low lands, the yeild of low land rice is higher 90% of the rice in India is grown in low land.

Question 5.
Why wheat is grown as Rabi crop?
Answer:
Wheat is grown in temparate region and it is a temparate crop so wheat is grown as rabi crop.

Question 6.
Name the varieties of wheat in India.
Answer:
There are 4 varieties ofwheat in India they are:

  1. Bread Wheat
  2. Macroni Wheat
  3. Emmer Wheat
  4. Indian Dwarf Wheat

2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 8 Agriculture

Question 7.
What are the uses of sugarcane?
Answer:

  1. Sugar cane is the source of sugar, gur and khandsari.
  2. It provides raw material for manufactoring alcohol.
  3. The sugar is used for sweet meats, beverages syrups, and medicine.
  4. The crushed stem called Bagasse and leaves are used as fuel and as raw material for the preparation of paper, fertilizers and chemical products.
  5. It is also used as fodder and manure.

Question 8.
Black soil is quite suitable for cotton cultivation, why?
Answer:
Black soil is capable of retaining moisture so Black soil is suitable for cotton cultivation.

Question 9.
Why tea is considered a labour intensive crop?
Answer:
Tea is considered as a labour intensive crop as large amount of labour is used on small land holding to get maximum production of crop.

Question 10.
Explain the Coffee Robusta.
Answer:
Coffee Robusta is one of the varieties of coffee, it is poor in Quality and high yeild variety, it can resist the pest and diseases. About 68.9% of Indian coffee production came under coffee Robusta.

III. Answer the following Questions.

Question 1.
What is intensive farming? Explain its main characteristics.
Answer:
In intensive farming the land holdings are usally small in a thickly populated area farming is very intensive and production is more.
Charactertics:

  1. It is a Labour and capital intensive farming.
  2. To get maximum production large amount of labour and capital is used.
  3. In this system the farmer raises 2 or more crops.
  4. The farmer gets the maximum production from small land holding by high yields per unit area.
  5. Agricultural operations are carried on by manual labour and draught animals.

2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 8 Agriculture

Question 2.
Explain the chief advantages of plant tissue culture.
Answer:

  1. Rapid multiplication it means thousands of plants can be produced with in a year starting from a single plant.
  2. Freedom from pests and pathogens it refers to the production of disease free plants and production of Disease and pest resistant plants.
  3. Economy of space and resources thousands of plants can be raised in a small land.
  4. Round the year multiplication as per demand.
  5. Easy transport due to miniaturization.
  6. Selective multiplication of diserd plants.

Question 3.
Write a note on demerits of Green Revolution.
Answer:
Green revolution has some demerits and negative impacts they are.

  1. Degradation of land due to use of heavy chemical fertilizers.
  2. Weeds have increased due to more crop rotation pattern.
  3. Loss of Biodiversity, due to heavyuse of pesticides, insecticides and chenical fertilizers.
  4. Adding chenicals in ground water will affects on our health.
  5. Excess use of fertilizers has made the soil infertile, and may affect human’s health.
  6. Regional disparites it means the green Revolution has an impact on some states. But other state are hardly touched.

Question 4.
What is Horticulture? Explain its development in India.
Answer:
Horticulture is the compound word of two latin words hortus meaning Garden and cloere meaning cultivate. The art of systematic growing of fruits, vegetables, flowers, species, plantation crops medicinal and aromatic plants in small plots is called Horticuture. The geographical and socio-economic factors are ideal for development of horticulture.

In India its has good potential for growing variety of Horticultural crops. India has emerged as an important producer of Horticultural crop, next to china India is second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. India produces 257.3 million tonnes of Horticulture products.

Question 5.
Give an account on floriculture in India.
Answer:
Cultivation ofdifferent types of flowers for commercial purpose is called as floriculture. India’s agroclimatic conditions are suitable for the cultivation of flowers. Flower culture has played significant role in India:

  1. It has capability to evelate the income of the farmers.
  2. Even the women are engaged in this fanning and eradicates unemployment to rural people its supports exports.
  3. India is known for growing traditional flowers like, Jasmine, marigold, tube rose, cross and, aster.
  4. Due to the potentialities of this sector it produces an income and employment opportunities.

Question 6.
Give an account of the production and distribution of rice in India.
Answer:
Rice ranks 1st in production among the crops cultivated in India. India produced 104-3 million tonnes of rice in 2011-12 Rice cultivation is widely distributed in India it is concentrated in river valleys, deltas, flood plains, low laying costal areas of the North-Eastern and Southern India.

Rice is grown in almost all states of india the states leading in the production of rice are west bengal, uttar pradesh, Andrapradesh, Punjab, Bihar, Chattisgarh and Karnataka. India exports high quality ofBasumathi rice to gulf countries.

2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 8 Agriculture

Question 7.
Explain the conditions required for the growth of wheat and methods used for wheat cultivation in India.
Answer:
The condition for the growth of wheat are:

  1. Wheat is a temperate crop and Rabi crop.
  2. It requires moderate temperature and rain M temperature of 10°C during vegetative period and 15°C at ripening.
  3. It grows well in areas having rainfall of 50-75 cms.
  4. Wheat grows in a variety of soil but grows best in Black and heavy loamy soil. It is also grows in alluvial soil.
  5. Light drizzels and cloudiness at the time of repining help to the better yelid.
  6. Forest at growing time and hailstorm at the time of repining is harmful to the crbp.

The methods used for the cultivation of wheat are:

  • Broad casting method: Scattering of seeds in the prepared soil is called Broadcasting method.
  • Drilling method: Drilling of seeds into the soil is called Drilling method.
  • Dibbling method: Sowing of seeds by hand in ploughed furrows is known as Dibbling method.

Question 8.
Give an account of the distribution and production of sugarcane in India.
Answer:
The distribution of Sugar cane cultivation in India is uneven. It’s cultivation is concentrated in U.P, Maharastra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andra pradesh, Gujurath, Bihar, Hariyana and Uttaranchal. Uttar pradesh occupies 1st place in production and area cultivated. The largest concentration is in the upper ganga – yamuna doap. Maharastra gets second place both in area and production.

Tamil Nadu is the 3rd largest producer of sugar cane in India. Karnataka is the 4th largest sugar cane producing in India. Andra pradesh is in the 5th place. India is the second largest producer of sugar cane in the world. The average yield per hectare is very low in the country due to in suffient rainfall inadequate irrigation facilities, little use of fertilizers and methods of cultivation.

Question 9.
What are the geographical conditions necessary for the cultivation of cotton? Explain the varieties of cotton.
Answer:

  1. cotton is a tropical and subtropical Crop it requires a temperature of 21°C – 24°C.
  2. It requires moderate rainfall of 50cms to lOOcms.
  3. Deep Black soil is suitable to cotton crop. Black soil is also known as Block cotton soil. It can retain moisture.
  4. It requires manures and fertilizers, corporation helps to maintain fertility of the soil.
  5. It requires large number of cheap labour for planting thinning, seeding, picking of cotton and other activities.
  6. Frosting, mosit weather and heavy rain M are harmful to the crop.
  7. Cotton plant is susceptible to disease and pests. So it requires insectisides and pesticides.
  8. The sunny weather is necessary at the time of harvesting the cotton.

On the basis of length of the fiber cotton is classified into 3 varieties:
(A) Long staple cotton:
It is the best variety it’s fiber is 3.8cms length. It is used for making fine and super fine quality of cloth because of its length of fiber, fine and shining. Half of the total cotton produced in India belongs to long staple, it is grown in pajab, Haryana, Tamil nadu and Madhya pradesh.

(B) Medium staple cotton:
It’s length is 2.5 cms to 3.8 cms it is used for making medium cloth it is growin in Rajastan, Tamil nadu, Uttar pradesh, Madhya pradesh, and Karnataka.

(C) Short staple cotton:
This is inferior variety of cotton its length is less than2.5 cms it is used for making inferior quality of cloth, stuffing purpose, blinding with synthetic fiber. This is grown in Uttar pradesh, Andhra pradesh and Rajastan.

2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 8 Agriculture

Question 10.
Explain the condition for growth and give reasons for the concentration of coffee cultivation in South India.
Answer:
The condition for growth of coffee are:

  1. Coffee is a tropical crop. It requires hot and humid climate.
  2. It requires high temparature of 15°C to 30°C. It requires rainfall of 150-200 cms.
  3. It requires deep furtile soil humus and . nitrogenous contained soils, cleared forest land is suitable for coffee cultivation.
  4. It requires shade as direct sun rays and strong winds are harmful to the coffee plants.
  5. Coffee plants donot tolerate frost.
  6. Full slopes are suitable for the cultivation of coffee plants. Stagnant water is harmful.
  7. Dry weather is necessary at the time of repening of the berries.
  8. Use of manures and fertilizers.
  9. Use of pestisides and insectisides.
  10. It requires abundant supply of cheap labour and skilled labour for sowing, trans planting, prunuing, plucking, dry of the seeds, grading and packing of coffee.

Coffee plantation are concentrated in south India especally in 3 states Kamataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu these are known as traditational coffee growing areas.