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Karnataka 2nd PUC History Question Bank Chapter 3 Indus Civilization
2nd PUC History Indus Civilization Text Book Questions and Answers
I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.
Question 1.
In which year was the Archaeological department of India established?
Answer:
The Archaeological department of India was established in 1904.
Question 2.
What does the word Mohenjodaro mean?
Answer:
The word Mohenjodaro means ‘mound of the dead’ in Sindhi language.
Question 3.
Where is the Great bath of Indus Valley Civilization located?
Answer:
The Great bath of Indus Valley Civilization is located in Mohenjadaro.
Question 4.
Where was the dockyard of Indus Valley Civilization discovered?
Answer:
The dockyard of Indus Valley Civilization was discovered at Lothal in Gujarat.
Question 5.
Mention the important deity of Indus people.
Answer:
Mother Goddess was the important deity of Indus people.
II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.
Question 1.
Who discovered Harappa and Mohenjodaro?
Answer:
In 1921 Dr. R.B. Dayaram Sahani discovered Harappa and R.D Banerjee took up excavation in the Larkhan and discovered Mohenjodaro.
Question 2.
Mention any two cities discovered in Indus Civilization.
Answer:
Harappa and Mohenjadaro are two cities discovered in Indus Civilization.
Question 3.
Mention the methods of disposal of the dead followed by Indus people.
Answer:
Indus people disposed their dead by cremation or burial.
Question 4.
Mention any two exports of Indus people.
Answer:
Indus people exported ivory, gold, beads, timber and other goods and imported precious stones, copper and tin.
Question 5.
Mention any two causes which brought an end to Indus civilization.
Answer:
The drifting of the river away from the cities might have rendered the place infertile. Continuous floods might have led to the erosion of the soil and destruction of life.
III. Answer the following in I5 to 20 sentences each.
Question 1.
Explain the town planning of Indus civilization.
Answer:
Town planning is the unique feature of Indus civilization. Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. Indus people were the first to build planned cities with a scientific drainage system. The Indus cities were built on a uniform plan. Town planning was amazing in nature.
A few cities have citadels to the west built on a higher platform and to the east of which is the hub of a residential area. Both of them are surrounded by a massive brick wall. The cities without citadel are found on high mounds.
1. Street:
The streets were straight and cut each other at right angles. They were 13 to34 feet wide and were well lined. The streets and roads divided the city into rectangular blocks.
2. Drainage system:
One of the most remarkable features of this civilization is that the city was provided with an excellent closed drainage sytem. Each house had its own drainage and soak pit which was connected to the public drainage. Brick laid channels flowed through every street.
They were covered and had manholes at intervals for cleaning and clearing purposes. Large brick culverts with corbelled roois were constructed on the outskirts of the city to carry water. Thus Indus people had a perfect underground drainage system.
3. The Great Bath:
The most striking feature in Mohenjodaro is the great Bath. It consists of a large quadrangle. In the centre is a great swimming pool with galleries and rooms on all four sides. There were arrangements for hot water bath, in some rooms. In the centre is a great swimming pool of 39ft long, 23ft wide and 8ft deep.
It has a flight of steps at either end; and is fed by a well, situated in one of the adjoining rooms. The water was discharged by a huge drain with a corbelled roof more than 6ft in depth. The great bath had 8ft thick outer walls. This solid construction has successfully with stood the natural ravages for 5000 years.
4. Granaries:
The largest building in Mohenjodaro is a granary which is 45.71 entries long and 15.23 mtrs wide. In Harappa there are a series of brick platforms which formed the base for two rows of granaries each. In the southern part ofKalibangan Brick platforms have also been found. These granaries safely stored the grains, which were probably collected as revenue or store houses to be used in emergencies.
5. Buildings :
People of Indus built houses and buildings by the side of roads. They built terraced houses of burnt bricks. Every house had two or more rooms. There were also more than one storied houses. The houses were designed around an inner court yard and contained pillared halls, bathrooms, paved floors, kitchen, well, etc. besides residential quarters, elaborate structures have also been found.
One of these buildings has got the biggest hall measuring 80ft long and 80ft wide. It might have been a palace, or temple or hall for holding meetings. The workmen quarters are also found. There was an excellent system of water supply. There were public wells by the side of streets. Every big house had its own well. They also built a dockyard at Lothal.
Question 2.
State the social and economic conditions of Indus people.
Answer:
Social condition:
With the help of the excavations, some historians have come to the conclusion that there was a four fold division of the society based on occupations. They were probably, the learned class, warriors, traders and workers. The learned class included priests, astrologers and physicians. Wheat was their principal food. Barley, rice-fruits, vegetables, dates, milk, etc. were used. Fish, beef, pork, poultry, flesh of tortoise, etc. were also used.
They used cotton and woolen clothes. Their dress was simple. Both men and women wore upper garment and lower garment. The Indus women were fond of ornaments. Ornaments were worn by both women and men. Girdles, nose studs, earrings and anklets were worn only by women.
There was variety in the Shape and the Design of the ornaments. They disposed of their dead by cremation or burial. Many urns containing human bones and ashes have been found and a large burial ground have been unearthed at Harappa.
Economic condition :
Agriculture was the maitr occupation followed by cattle rearing anddaky farming. They knew the art of irrigation. They grew wheat, barley, peas, sesame and cotton abundantly. They reared fine breed of cattle both for milk and meat purpose. They domesticated animals like the buffaloe, bull, sheep, goat, dog, pig, elephant, camel and fowl.
Indus people knew the use of weights and measures. A shell scale at Mohenjodaro and a bronze scale at Harappa have been discovered. They also had knowledge of decimal systern Indus people had developed internal and f external trade. Harappa, Lothal, Kalibangan, Rupar, surkotada and Chnuhudaro were the main centers of trade.
They carried on their trading activity through barter system Indus seals, art motifs and their articles have been discovered in west Asia, Egypt and Mesopotamia. The dockyard at Lothal in Gujarat shows that Indus people carried on external trade with South India. They exported ivory, gold, beads, timber and other goods and imported precious stones, copper and tin.
Question 3.
Enumerate briefly the salient fea¬tures of Indus civilization.
Answer:
1. Town planning:
Town planning was amazing in nature. A few cities have citadels to the west built on a higher platform and to the east of which is the hub of residential area.
2. Streets:
The streets were straight and cut each other at right angles. They were 13 to 34 feet wide and were well lined. The streets and roads divided the city into rectangular blocks.
3. Drainage system:
One of the most remarkable features of these civilizations is that the city was provided with an excellent closed drainage system Each house had its own drainage and sock pit which was connected to the public drainage.
4. The Great Bath:
The most striking feature in Mohenjodaro is the Great Bath. It consists of a large quadrangle. In the centre is a great swimming pool with galleries and rooms on all four skies. There were arrangements for hot water bath in some rooms. In the centre is a great swimming pool of 39ft long, 23ft wide and 8ft deep.
2nd PUC History Indus Civilization Additional Questions and Answers
I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.
Question 1.
Name the contemporary civilization of Indus civilization?
Answer:
The contemporary civilization of Indus is Egypt, Mesopotamia and China.
Question 2.
Who opined that Indus civilization belonged to?
Answer:
Scholars like Sir John Marshall and Dr. Mackey are of the opinion that Indus civilization belor^sto 3000 BCE.
II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.
Question 1.
Write a note about the great bath of Mohenjodaro?
Answer:
The most striking feature in Mohenjodaro is the Great Bath. It consists of a large quadrangle. In the centre is a great swimming pool with galleries and rooms on all four sides. There were arrangements for hot water bath in some rooms. In the centre is a great swimming pool of 39ft long, 23ft wide, and 8 ft deep.
Question 2.
Explain the extent of the Indus civilization?
Answer:
The extent of the Indus valley civilization covers from Punjab in the West to Uttar Pradesh in the East and from Jammu in the North to river Narmada in the South.
III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.
Question 1.
Enumerate briefly the end of the Indus civilization.
Answer:
Historians have attributed so many reasons for the decline and end of this civilization. The rivers must have changed their course and ruined the cities. Hie drifting of the river away from the cities might have rendered the place unfertile. Continuous floods might have led, to the erosion of the soil and destruction of Knife.
Over exploitation of the land might have turned it barren. Spread of epidemics must have wiped out the population. The decreased rainfall must have turned the land into desert. The wealth of the Indus might have attracted barbaric invaders putting the inhabitants to their swords.
Recent researches have shown that the decline of the Indus civilization was not sudden but gradual, may be on account of large scale deforestation leading to frequent floods and consequent ecological imbalance. Aryan invasion also seems to be a plausible