2nd PUC History Question Bank Chapter 7 Modern India

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Karnataka 2nd PUC History Question Bank Chapter 7 Modern India

2nd PUC History Advent of Europeans Text Book Questions and Answers

Advent of Europeans

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who was the first Portuguese Viceroy in India?
Answer:
Fransisco-de Almeda was the first Portuguese Viceroy in India.

Question 2.
In which year was, the ‘Dutch East India Company’ established.
Answer:
1602 the ‘Duch East India Company’ established.

Question 3.
Name the Capital of the Dutch in India.
Answer:
Pulicat was the Capital of the Dutch in India.

Question 4.
When was the ‘French East India Company’ established?
Answer:
In 1664 the ‘French East India Company’ established.

Question 5.
Which was the capital of the French in India?
Answer:
Pondicherry was the capital of the French in India.

Question 6.
When was the British East India Company established?
Answer:
The British East India Company was established in 1600.

Question 7.
Which was the first Capital of the British in India?
Answer:
Calcutta was the first Capital of the British in India.

Question 8.
Name the treaty, which ended the first Carnatic war?
Answer:
Aix- la Chapel treaty ended the first Camaticwar.

Question 9.
In which year was’the battle of Plassey fought?
Answer:
1757

Question 10.
In which year was the battle of Buxar fought?
Answer:
1764

Question 11.
Name the treaty which ended the first Anglo Mysore war.
Answer:
Madras treaty ended the first Anglo Mysore war.

Question 12.
Name the treaty ended the second Anglo Mysore war.
Answer:
Mangalore treaty ended the second Anglo Mysore war

Question 13.
Name the treaty, which ended the third Anglo Mysore war.
Answer:
Srirangapatna treaty ended the third Anglo Mysore War.

Question 14.
Who was called ‘The Tiger of Mysore’?
Answer:
Tippu sultan was called ‘The Tiger of Mysore’.

Question 15.
Who was the Governor General who introduced the subsidiary alliance?
Answer:
Lord Wellesley was the Governor General who introduced the subsidiary alliance

Question 16.
Who was the first Indian ruler to accept the subsidiary Alliance?
Answer:
Nizam of Hyderabad was the first Indian ruler to accept the subsidiary Alliance

Question 17.
Who introduced the ‘Doctrine of Lapse in India?
Answer:
Dalhousie introduced the ‘Doctrine of Lapse in India.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
Who conquered Goa from Adil shahis of Bijapura and when?
Answer:
Albuquerque conquered Goa from Adil Shahis of Bijapura in 1510.

Question 2.
Name any two trading centers of Portuguese in India.
Answer:
Calcutta and Madras were the important trading centers of Portuguese in India.

Question 3.
Mention any two causes for the decline of Portuguese power in India.
Answer:

1. The corrupt and inefficient officers.
2. Fanatic religious policy and their concentration on Brazil.

Question 4.
Name any two trading centers of Dutch in India.
Answer:
Machilipatna and Surat were the two trading centers of Dutch in India.

Question 5.
Name any two trading centers of French in India.
Answer:
Pondicherry and Dhata were the trading centers of French in India.

Question 6.
Between whom was the battle of Plassey fought.
Answer:
Between Siraj-ud-dwaula and British, the battle of Plassey fought in 1757.

Question 7.
Mention any two terms of the treaty of Sringapatitana.
Answer:
Tippu had to cede half of his territories to the allies and pay 330 lakhs of rupees as war indemnity. He had to keep two of his, sons as hostages with the British till he paid the war indemnity.

Question 8.
Name any two Indian States, annexed by the British applying the ‘Doctrine of lapse’.
Answer:
Satara and Jhansi were the two Indian States, annexed by the British applying the ‘Doctrine of lapse’.

Question 9.
Name any two Indian states, which accepted the Subsidiary alliance.
Answer:
Nizam of Hyderabad and rulers of Mysore were the two Indian states, which accepted the Subsidiary alliance.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Briefly explain the Carnatic wars.
Answer:
First Carnatic War (1746-1748)
In 1740, there was a war between England and French over the Question of Austrian succession. This led to a war between the English and the French in India. The French Governor Dupleix wanted to capture Madras. He sought the help of La-Bourbonnais, the French governor of Mauritius, who captured Madras in 1746.

Later he returned Madras to the English. Dupleix did not agree to this and recaptured Madras. English sought the help of Anwaruddin, the Nawab of Arcot. Anwaruddin ordered the French to free Madras. Dupleix refused to free it. So Anwaruddin sent a huge army to capture Madras. The battle was fought at St. Thome.

A small French Army, defeated the Nawab’s army and thereby proved the supremacy of well trained European army over the traditional Indan army. The Aix-la Chapel treaty ended the war in Europe. As per one of the terms of the treaty first Carnatic war ended in India. Madras was returned to the British and the prisoners of war were released.

Second Carnatic War (1748-1754):
There were civil wars of succession between Anwaruddin and Chandasaheb at Arcot and Nasirjung and Muzaffar Jung at Hyderabad. Dupleix, the French governor, supported Chandasaheb and Muzaffar Jung, whereas the British supported Anwaruddin and NazirJung. This struggle led to the second Carnatic war.

The French group defeated and killed Anwarddin in the battle of Amber. His son Mohammad Ah fled to Trichinapalli. Chandasaheb was made the Nawab of Arcot and he besieged Trichinapalli. Nasir Jung declared war on Muzaffar Jung with the help of British. Nazir Jung was killed in a royal intrigue. So Salabat Jung was made the Nizam of Hyderabad by Dupleix.

Dupleix and Chandasaheb besieged Trichirapalli to kill Mohammad Ali. The British, under Robert Clive laid siege to Arcot. Chandasaheb rushed to protect his capital, but was killed on his way and English made Mohammad Ali, the Nawab of Arcot. The French Government recalled Dupleix, who was defeated in the war. The war ended with the treaty ofPondicherry in 1754. Both the parties agreed not to interfere in the internal politics of India.

Third Carnatic War (1758-1763)
The seven years war fought between France and England in Europe was the cause for the war between the two in India. Robert Clive, the British Governor captured Chandranagore, a French-settlement. The French Government sent Count-De-Lally as Governor to expel the British from India.

Lally seized the fort of St David and planned to attack Madras and recalled Bussey from Hyderabad to help him. When Bussey marched towards Madras, English attacked Hyderabad and captured it. Salabat Jung became the ally of English. The French were completely defeated in the battle of and wash in 1760.

The French lost all their settlements. The seven years war ended with the treaty of Paris in 1763. The war in India also ended. The trading centers of the French were returned with restrictions to limit themselves only to trade.

Question 2.
What were the causes and results of the battle of Plassey?
Answer:
Causes:
1. Political cause:
Siraj-ud-daula had many rivals like Shaukath Jung, Ghasti Begum etc and they were supported by the British.

2. Misuse of dastans:
Mughal Emperor had given permission to the British to trade in Bengal without tax. Dastaks were issued by the Government of Bengal to the East India Company which exempted the custom duties on trade. The servants of the East India Company misused them for their private trade and also sold them to local merchants for profit. This resulted in the loss of income to the state.

3. Shelter to the French:
British and the French were rivals. The English captured Chandranagore, a French trading centre in 1756 and Siraj-ud-daula gave shelter to some Frenchmen which angered the British.

4. Capture of the Calcutta fort:
The British feared the French strengthened their fort at Calcutta without the permission of the Nawab. Siraj-ud-daula ordered them to demolish it. But the British refused to do so. Hence Siraj-ud-daula captured Calcutta fort in June 1756. But Robert Clive recaptured it, which led to the enmity between the two.

5. Shelter to Dewan Rajvallabha:
Dewan Rajvallabha had not settled the accounts of his office and when he was forced by the nawab to do so, he went over to the British and took shelter. This angered Siraj-ud-daula.

6. The black Hole Tragedy:
During an attack on Kasim Bazar, Siraj-ud-daula is said to have captured 146 British and they were taken as prisoners and were lodged in a room of 15×18.T23 of them died of suffocation and only 23 survived. This incident is called the Black hole tragedy.

Results:
Peace was concluded between the British and Siraj-ud-daula and the treaty of Aligarh was signed. Robert Clive hatched a conspiracy with the commander of Bengal, Mir Jafar and some important officers against Siraj-ud-daula. The British attacked Siraj-ud-daula on the pretext of not implementing the terms of Aligarh treaty.

The battle was fought at Plassey in June 1757. Siraj-ud-daula was defeated and he fled. However, during the escape Mir Jaffar’s son killed him. Mir Jafar was made the Nawab of Bengal. He richly rewarded the British and gave 24 paraganas. This battle laid the foundation of British Empire in India.

Question 3.
Write about the Subsidiary Alliance and the Doctrine of Lapse.
Answer:
Subsidiary Alliance:
The subsidiary Alliance was brought into force by Lord Wellesley in 1798. The expansion of British Empire in India was its main aim. Its main conditions were, the allying king had to keep a British army in his state. He had to bear the expenses of that army. The ruler unable to pay the expenses had to cede a part ofhis kingdom to the British.

He also had to keep a British resident in his court. He should not have trade relations with other European countries. The kings of such states were not allowed to appoint foreigners in there administration and army, without the prior permission ofthe British. The protection of that state was the responsibility of the company.

The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to sign the treaty of subsidiary alliance. Later the rulers, of Mysore, Oudh, Travancore, Baroda, Jaipura, Jodhpura, Bharathpura, Nagpura and Gwalior als signed the treaty.

The Doctrine of Lapse:
Lord Dal Housie came to India as the Governor General in 1848. He was determined to extend direct British rule over India. He introduced this policy to achieve this aim. According to the policy when the ruler of the protected state dM without a natural heir, then that state would on to the British Empire. By following tWsp’olicy, the British annexed Satara, Jaipur, Sambhalpura, Udaipura, Jhansi, Nagpura arid Bhagatpura.

Question 4.
Discuss the struggle of Tippu Sultan with the British.
Answer:
Hyder declared war on the British in 1780. He defeated the English in few early battles. But the British sent Sir Eyre Coote, who defeated Hyder at Portonovo in 1781. The war was going on, but Hyder died in 1782. The war was continued by his son Tippu Sultan. The war came to an end with the ‘Treaty of Mangaluru’in 1.784.

According to the treaty, both the parties agreed to restore conquered territories and release the war prisoners. The third Anglo-Mysore war 1790-1792. Tippu and British were suspicious of each other. Tippu was trying to get the help of the French to expel the British from India. The war broke out with Tippu’s unprovoked attack on Travancore in 1789.

Travancore was in alliance with the Company and hence the British declared war on Tipu. Lord Cornwallis, the British Governor General isolated Tippu. The war came to an end with the ‘Treaty of Srirangapattana’ in 1792, by which Tippu had to cede half of his territories to the allies and pay330 lakhs of rupees as war indemnity.

He had to keep two of his sons as hostages with the British till he paid the war indemnity. Fourth Anglo-Mysore war 1798-1799 Tippu had not reconciled to the loss of his prestige by the treaty of Shrirangapattana. The British were also suspicious of Tippu and Lord Wellesley forced him to sign the subsidiary alliance treaty.

Tippu refused and tried to get help from France, Afghanistan, Arabia and Turkey. The British, along with the Marathas and the Nizam attacked Mysore. Tippu fought undauntedly. He was the greatest enemy of the British and was very courageous. So he is called “the Tiger of Mysore”. Tippu died fighting against the enemies in Shrirangapattana in 1799, while defending his capital.

Question 5.
Give an account of the Anglo-Maratha wars.
Answer:
First Anglo-Maratha War 1775-1782:
Peshwa Madhava Rao died in 1772. He was succeeded by his brother Narayana Rao. But his uncle Raghunath Rao got him killed and became the peshwa. In the meantime the widow of late Narayana gave birth to a male child. The child, Savai Mdhava Rao was supported by the Maratha chiefs. Raghunath Rao sought the help of British.

He signed the treaty of Surat in 17.75 with Bombay Governor Eliphinstone to retain his position. The combined armies of Raghunatha and the British fought with the Maratha chiefs at Poona. But Nana Fadnavis, the Prime Minister of Peshwa Savai Madhava Rao, managed to get the help of Governor General Hastings at Culcutta and signed with him the treaty of Purandhara in 1776.

According to this treaty the British agreed to withdraw the support to Raghunath. Raghunath was given a monthly pension of 25000/- from Peshwa Government. But this was not accepted the Elphinstone, the Governor of Bombay. He re-opened the war. The English forces were defeated and signed the treaty of Wadagaon in 1-779L.

They had to surrender all the territories that they acquired since 1773. Lord Hastings sent a huge army from Calcutta and battles were fought. Finally, the treaty of Salbai was concluded in 1782 and both the parties agreed to restore the territories captured. There was peace for the next 20 years.

Second Anglo-Maratha War 1803-1806:
Nana Fadnavis died in 1800. The Maratha chiefs Holkar and Sindhia tried to control Peshwa Bajirao n. Peshwa was greatly influenced by Mahadji Sindhia. So Holkar waged the war and defeated the combined armies of Sindhia and Peshwa fled to Bassien and signed the treaty of Bassien with English in March 1802. Holkar placed Vinayak RAo on the throne.

According to the treaty of Bassien Peshwa signed the subsidiary alliance, agreed to keep 6000 British soldiers and pay 26 lakh Rs every year for its maintenance. Peshwa surrendered northern territories ofhis kingdom to the British. This treaty provided English favourable opportunity to interfere in Maratha politics.

The Maratha chieftains who were subordinates to Peshwa had become subordinates to the company. This was humiliation for Marathas. Sindhia and Bhonsle challenged the British power. A series of Battles were alliance. Holkar also fought with the British and concluded the treaty of Rajpurghat and Chambal area to British.

Third Anglo-Mysore War 1817-1818:
Peshwa Baji Rao II who had lost his power and prestige decided ton re-organize the Maratha confederacy and revive the lost glory of the Marathas. He also enlisted the support of the Pathans and the Pindaries for this cause. They attacked the English military camp at Kirki. This started the Third Anglo- Marathas war. In a series of battles.

2nd PUC History Advent of Europeans Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who were the first among the Europeans to enter India through the sea route?
Answer:
The Portuguese were the first among the Europeans to enter India through the sea route.

Question 2.
Who was the first governor general of Portuguese?
Answer:
Francisco-de-Almeida was the first governor of Portuese in India.

Question 3.
Who conquered Goa from Adhil Shahis of Bijapurinl 510?
Answer:
Francisco-de-Almeida conquered Goa from Adhil Shahis of Bijapur in 1510.

Question 4.
When was Constantinople captured?
Answer:
Constantinople was captured in 1453.

Question 5.
Who was crown as a king after the fourth Anglo-Mysore war?
Answer:
Krishnaraja Wodeyar III became the kign of Mysore after the fourth Anglo-Mysore war.

Question 6.
Which treaty ended the third Anglo-Mysorewar?
Answer:
The third Anglo-Mysore war ended the treaty of Srirangapattana.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
What is the reason for the second Carnatic war?
Answer:
There were civil wars of succession between Anwaruddin and Chandasaheb at Arcot and Nasirjung and Muzaffar Jung at Hyderabad.

Question 2.
Which treaty ended the first Carnatic war? What are its results?
Answer:
The Aix-la-Chapel treaty ended the war in Europe. As per one of the terms of the treaty first Carnatic war ended in India. Madras was returned to the British and the prisoners of war were released.

Question 3.
Who is called the ‘Tiger of Mysore’?
Answer:
Lord Wellesley forced forced him to sign, the Subsidiary Alliance treaty. Tippu refused and tried to get help from France, Afghanistan, Arabia and Turkey. The British, along with the Marathas and the Nizam attacked Mysore. Tippu fought undauntedly. He was the greatest enemy of the British and was very courageous. So he is called ‘the Tiger of Mysore’.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Give an account of Battle of Buxar 1764.
Answer:
Mir Jafar was an inefficient ruler. He became a puppet in the hands of the British. Hence, the administration of Bengal deteriorated and the Nawab lost his prestige. He also could not fulfil the repeated demands of the British. The British hence replaced Mir Jaffar and made his son in law Mir Khasim the Nawab.

Mir Khasim was an efficient ruler and he introduced a series of reforms to better the administration. He withdrew the custom duties when he was unable to stop the misuse of Dastaks. The British who lost their privileges in trade became unhappy with Mir Khasim. So Mir Khasim entered into an alliance with Shuja-ud-Daula of Oudh and the Mughal Emperor Shah-Alam II against the British.

The battle of Buxar was fought in 1764, in which the British defeated the allies. Mir Khasim fled the battlefield while Shuja-ud-Daula and Shah- Alam surrendered to the British, Mir Jaffar was once again made the Nawab of Bengal. This decisive battle firmly established the British supremacy on Bengal.

2nd PUC History The First War of Indian Independence-1857 Text Book Questions and Answers

The First War of Indian Independence-1857

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
In which year did the first war of Indian independence occur?
Answer:
The first war of Indian independence occurred in 1857.

Question 2.
Name the Queen of Lucknow who revolted against the British in the first war of Indian independence.
Answer:
Begum Hazrath Mahal rebelled against the British at Lucknow.

Question 3.
Name the Indian soldier who killed the British sergeant ip 1857.
Answer:
Mangal pande, Indian soldier killed the British sergeant in 1857.

Question 4.
Who revolted against the British at Kanpur in 1857?
Answer:
Nana sahib revolted against the British at Kanpur in 1857.

Question 5.
Why did Queen Laxmi Bai of Jhansi revolt against the British?
Answer:
Queen Laxmi Bai of Jhansi revolted against the British when they refused to recognize her adopted son.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
What was the immediate cause for the first war of Indian Independence?
Answer:
The British introduced new Enfield rifles. The cover of the cartridges had to be tom with the teeth to load the cartridge into the rifles. There was a rumour that the cartridges were smeared with the fat of the cow and pig. Cow was sacred to Hindus and pig was prohibited for Muslims.

The Indian sepoys felt that the British were trying to spoil their religion. The Indian soldiers refused to use the rifles and British forced and threatened the Indian soldiers to use them. This started the revolt against the British.

Question 2.
Write any two causes for the failure of the revolt of 1857.
Answer:

1. There was no common aim among the rebels.
2. The rebels had no right leadership, storage of weapons and they did not have a common plan. Many a time, they looted the Zamindars and merchants.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Write a note on the course of the first war of Indian Independence.
Answer:
Course of the war:
The 19th native infantry at Berhampur refused to use the cartridges and it was disbanded on 29th March. The 34th Infantry at Barrackpore refused to use the new cartridge. When forced to use, Mangal Pandey killed the sergeant. Mangal Pandey was caught and hanged. The 34th infantry was also disbanded.

85 soldiers of Meerut refused to use the cartridges. They were tried and they were sentenced to long term imprisonment.’ The sepoys rose in revolt by breaking open the gates of the jail and released all their fellow soldiers and rushed towards Delhi. Within 2 days they captured Delhi and proclaimed Bahadur Shah II as the emperor of lndia.

They hoisted the flag of independence on the Red Fort. Soon the munity spread to Lucknow, Allahabad, Kanpur, Bareilly, Bihar, Jhansi, etc., In June 1857, Begum Hazrath Mahal rebelled against the British at Lucknow, but the British attacked Lucknow and captured it. Begum Hazrath Mahal fled to Nepal.

On 5th june 1857 Nana Saheb revolted against the British and captured Kanpur and declared himself as the Peshwa. Soon the British attacked Nana Sahib at Kanpur with a huge army. He was joined by Tantia Tope, his loyal servant. But the British were successful in recapturing Kanpur. Nana Sahib fled to Nepal.

Tantia Tope also fled. In September 1857, Delhi was recaptured by the British and Bahaddur Shah II was arrested and deported to Rangoon. Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi revolted against the British when they refused to recognize her adopted son. She was also threatened to be treated as an instigator and she was driven out of Jhansi.

Lakshmi Bai who had been joined by Tantia tope by this time captures Gwalior with his help. When the British came to capture Gwalior, a fierce battle took place and Lakshmi Bai died 1 fighting valiantly in the battlefield on 17th June 1858.

IV. Answer the following in 30 to 40 sentences.

Question 1.
Explain the causes and results of the first war of Indian Independence.
Answer:
Causes:
Political causes:
The expansionist policy of the East India company was an important cause. The British interfered in the internal matters of Indian States and followed the policy of divide and rule. The Subsidiary Alliance and the Doctrine of lapse enraged Indian Princes. The policy of doctrine of lapse was also applied to big Zamindars. Because of all these reasons the Kings, Princes, their courtiers and disbanded soldiers and tenants, were angry with the British,

Administrative causes:
The British introduced a new system of administration, which replaced the traditional system So many local administrators became unemployed and turned against the British. The introduction of Rule of law and equality before law developed suspicion in the minds of traditional Hindus and Muslims, who were influenced by the laws of Dharmasastras and Shariyat.

Indians were not given higher jobs in the administration, and the salaries paid to the Indian employees were far less than their English missionaries and convents created suspicion among Indians about the survival of their religions. The religious preachers like Mullahs, Movies and Pandits played an important role in spreading hatred ness against the British.

Military causes:
Indian soldiers in the British army were humiliated by their English officers. They were paid low salaries and not promoted above the rank of subedar. According to the General Service Enlistment Act of1856, Indian soldiers could be posted anywhere in the British empire. This was against their religious belief.

Hindus believed that crossing the sea was a sin. The Indian sepoys were more than the British soldiers which gave a sense of self-confidence to the Indians. These were more than 75000 soldiers in the British army from Awadh. These soldiers were angry when Awadh was annexed to the British Empire on the grounds of maladministration by Nawab Wajid-Ali.

Immediate causes:
The British introduced new Enfield rifles. The cover of the cartridges had to be tom with the teeth to load the cartridge into the rifles. There was a rumour that the cartridges were smeared with the fat of the cow and pig. Cow .was sacred to Hindus and pig was prohibited Muslims.

The Indian sepoys felt that they were trying to spoil their religion. They efused to use the rifles and British forced and threatened the Indian soldiers to use them This started the revolt against the British.

Results:

1. The revolt gave English the taste of Indian patriotism
2. It brought unity among the Hindus and Muslims, because they fought together against the British.
3. The rule of East India Company was abolished and British Crown took over the administration of India. .
4. Queen Victoria issued her famous proclamation in 1858, according to which the following promises were given to the Indians.
5. The British Government will not annex any more Indian states.
6. The rights of the Indian Kings to adopt were recognized.
7. The British government will not interfere in the religious beliefs of the Indians.
8. That the Indians will get better opportunities in administration.
9. The rule of the Mughals ended.

Thus, the revolt of 1857 started as a sepoy mutiny turned as a rebellion of the princes, developed into Indian rebellion and ended as the first war of Indian Independence. It created national awareness among the Indians.

2nd PUC History The First War of Indian Independence-1857 Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
How did the British call the first war of Indian Independence-1857?
Answer:
The British called the first war of Indian Independence 1857 as Sepoy Mutiny.

Question 2.
Who was the soldier killed the sergeant?
Answer:
Mangal pandey was the soldier killed the sergeant.

Question 3.
In which battle Lakshmi Bai died? When?
Answer:
In the battle of Gwalior Lakshmi Bai died fighting valiantly in the field of 17th June 1858.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
Emumerate the immediate cause for the first war of Indian independence.
Answer:
The British introduced new Enfield rifles. The cover of the cartridges had to be tom with the teeth to load the cartridge into the rifles. There was a rumor that the cartridges were, smeared with the fat of the cow and pig. Cow was sacred to Hindus and pig was prohibited for Muslims.

The Indian sepoys felt that the British were trying to spoil their religion. The Indian soldiers refused to use the rifles and British forced and threatened the Indian soldiers to use them. This started the revolt against the British.

Question 2.
Mention any three results of the war.
Answer:

1. The revolt gave English the taste of Indian patriotism
2. It brought unity among the Hindus and Muslims, because they fought together against the British.
3. The rule of East India Company was abolished and British Crown tool over the administration of lndia.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Mention the causes for the failure of the Revolt.
Answer:

1. The Revolt was not nationalistic in character. It was confined to only Central India. Rajputs, Sikhs, Bengalis, Nizam of Hyderabad, Nawab of Patiala, Maharaja of Kashmir supported the British. Big zamindars, merchants, and money lenders also supported the British.
2. The educated Indians did nto suppoit the revolt fearing the return of the old order. They believed that British administration would accomplish the task of modernization
3. The rebels had no ritht leadership, storage of seapons and they did not have a common plan. Many a time, they looted the zamindars and merchants.
4. As per the plans, the revolt was to begin on 31 st May 1857, but the soldiers were in a hurry and revolted earlier.
5. There was no common aim among the rebels.
6. Well-organized army, able commanders, continuous supply of arms, telegraphs and railways, financial resources, etc helped the British to suppress the revolt.

2nd PUC History Impact of British Rule on Economy and Education Text Book Questions and Answers

Impact of British Rule on Economy and Education

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who introduced the permanent revenue settlement?
Answer:
Cornwallis introduced a permanent revenue settlement.

Question 2.
Who propounded the drain theory?
Answer:
Dadabai Naoroji propounded the drain theory.

Question 3.
Which was the Book written by Dadabai Naoroji?
Answer:
“Poverty and Un British rule in India” was the book written by Dadabia Naoroji.

Question 4.
In which year was Woods Despatch prepared?
Answer:
In 1854 Woods Despatch was prepared.

Question 5.
Which is known as Magna-Carta of English education in India?
Answer:
Wood’s dispatch is known as Magna Carta of English education in India.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
Name any two land Revenue systems introduced by British in India.
Answer:
Ryotwari and Mahalwari land Revenue systems introduced by British in India.

Question 2.
What is Ryotwari system?
Answer:
This system was introduced in Bombay and Madras Presidencies. Under this system, the East India company made direct settlement with the Ryot or cultivators. The ownership of land was given to Ryots on the condition that they had to pay a fixed revenue of 50% regularly.

Question 3.
What is Mahalwari system?
Answer:
This system was introduced in North-western India, Gangetic valley and parts of Central India.

Question 4.
What was the opinion of Macaulay regarding the eastern literature?
Answer:
A class of Indians in blood and colour but English in tastes, habits and intellect.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Explain drain theory.
Answer:
The Drain of Wealth or Drain Theory:
The British were not much interested in the development of Indian agriculture. They were interested only in the procurement of raw materials to their factories in England and to safeguard their commercial interests. They forced Indian farmers to produce commercial crops like cotton, sugar cane, tea, indigo, etc, which were in great demand in the European and American markets.

The British deliberately did not start industries in India. They converted India into a source for raw materials and markets for finished products. Indian hand crafts could not compete with machine made products. Artisans and craftsmen had turned into tenants or agricultural laborers to work at starving wages.

Ryotwari and Mahalwari systems again paved the way for Zamindars as the new revalue systems introduced by the British were pro:money lenders and Zamindars. Hence the stability and development of Indian villages suffered. The flow of Indian Wealth and resources to England without getting equal economic and material profit or benefit is known as Drain of wealth.

A lot of wealth flowed to England in the form of salaries and pensions of civil and military officers, interest of loan, profits by British capitalists and expenditure on administration, etc. the wealth of India was also drained due to excess taxes on Indian goods and less taxes on British products and excess of imports from England over the exports from India.

Dadabai Naoroji put forth the drain theory in his book “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India”. He undertook a campaign to educate the public through speeches and press. Naoroji declared that drain is the basic cause of India’s poverty and fundamental evil of British rule in India. Later on, the Nationalists used the drain theory and economic exploitation by British as a weapon to awaken the masses against British rule.

Question 2.
Write about the impact of the British rule on Indian Education.
Answer:
The impact of the British rule on Indian Education:
Before the advent of Europeans the education in India was based or religion. The Hindu Eathashalas and Muslim Madarasas imparted education to people. In the beginning East India Company did not show any interest in educating the people. A new beginning was made in education in 1813, with the passing of Charter Act by British Parliament.

This Act provided for annual expenditure of Rs. 1,00,000 for the development of education in India. But the company did not spend the entire amount for many years, because of the differences among the Orient a Lists and Anglicists argued that the money should be spent on development of Indian languages and learning like Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and Vernacular languages, whereas Anglicists thought that development of Education in India, means the development of English language and learning and the said money be spent on it.

Macaulay’s minute 1835:
The dispute between Orientalists and Anglicists continued till 1835. Lord William Bentinck, the then Governor General appointed Macaulay to settle the dispute. Macaulay favoured the views of Anglicists in his famous minutes of 1835. He advocated the development of Western system of education in India and English as medium of education.

He aimed at creating a class of Indian in blood and colour but English in tastes, habits and intellect. Lord William Bentinck accepted Macaulay’s opinion and decided to spend the funds accordingly. This act was also aimed at converting people to Christianity through education and prepare clerks to work for East India Company.

Macaulay was a hardcore Anglicist. He argued that, Oriental learning was inferior to European learning. He said, a single shelf of a good European library was worth the completely native literature of India and Arabia.

Wood’s Despatch 1854:
The next step in the development of education in India was Wood’s Despatch of 1854, prepared by Sir Charles Wood. It is a comprehensive report which made the following important recommendations.

1. Company should start primary schools in villages, high schools in towns and colleges at district level.
2. Primary education should be in vernacular languages and English medium for higher education.
3. To provide Grant-in-aid to private educational institution
4. Company should set up the department of public instruction to supervise the education in all the provinces.
5. To establish Universities at Bombay, Madras arid Calcutta on the model of London university.
6. To open teachers training colleges.
7. To established vocational education and technical schools and colleges.
8. Stress for female education.

Almost all recommendations of this dispatch were implemented. The ideas of Charles Wood influenced Indian education for many years. This dispatch is known as Magna-Carta of English education in India.

IV. Answer the following in 30 to 40 sentences.

Question 1.
Give an explanation about impact of British rule on Indian economy.
Answer:
Impact of British rule on Indian economy:
Land revenue was the major source of income to the government. The British .incurred huge expenditure on administration, maintenance of large army and waging many wars. This burden of expenditure was passed onto the Indian Ryots. Along with the old revenue system existing in India, they introduced new system of revenue collection in different province from time to time. They are as follows.

Permanent Revenue settlement or Zamindari system 1793:
Lord Cornwallis introduced this system in 1793 in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Northern UR According to this system, the East India Company entered into an agreement with the Zamindars. Initially it was introduced for 10 years. Later on it was made permanent. Hence, it was called permanent settlement system.

The Zamindars were given permanent ownership of land, which they cultivated of with the help of tenants. Out of the total revenue collected, the Zamindars had to pay 89% to the government and retain the remaining 11%. It brought regular income to the government.

Under this system the government totally depended on the Zamindars to collect the revenue and the Ryots were under the control of Zamindars. Peasants were harassed and Zamindars, as middle men, gained lot of wealth at the cost of the peasants.

Ryotwari system:
This system was. introduced in Bombay and Madras Presidencies. Under this system, the East India Company made direct settlement with the Ryot or cultivators. The ownership of land was given to Ryots on the condition that they had to pay fixed revenue of 50% regularly. the revenue was revised every 20 to 30 years.

Under this system, farmers were exploited by the government. The revenue1 was collected with the help of revenue officials. Many a time the tamers had to pay the revenue even though the produce was totally destroyed by droughts or floods. Many farmers lost the ownership of land.

Mahalwari system:
This system was introduced in North-Western India, Gangetic valley and parts of Central India. The East India. The East India Company entered into a settlement with Estate or Mahal. Mahal was a revenue unit of one or more villages. The farmers within the Mahal were collectively considered the owners of the land and were collectively responsible for the payment of land revenue.

The revenue was fixed at 5n% to 60% and was periodically revisede heavy taxes became a burden on the ti mers and they were reduced to absolute poverty.

The Drain of Wealth or Drain Theory:
The British were not much interested in the development of Indian agriculture. They were interested only in the procurement of raw materials to their factories in England and to safeguard their eommercial interests. They forced Indian fanners to produce commercial crops like cotton, sugar cane, tea, indigo, etc, which were in great demand in the European and American markets.

The British deliberately did not start industries in India. They converted India into a source for raw materials and markets for finished products. Indian handicrafts could not compete with machine made products. Artisans and craftsmen had turned into tenants or agricultural laborers to work at starving wages.

Ryotwari and Mahahvari systems again paved the way for Zamindars as the new revenue systems introduced by the British were pro-money lenders and Zamindars. Hence, the stability and development of Indian villages suffered. The flow of Indian Wealth and resources to England without getting equal economic and material profit or benefit is known as Drain of wealth.

A lot of wealth floWed to England in the form of salaries and pensions of civil and military officers, interest of loan, profits by British capitalists and expenditure on administration, etc. the wealth of India was also drained due to excess taxes on Indian goods and less taxes on British products and excess of imports from England over the exports from India.

Dadabai Naoroji put forth the drain theory in his book “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India”. He undertook a campaign to educate the public through speeches and press. Naoroji declared that drain is the basic cause of India’s poverty and fundamental evil of British rule in India. Later on the Nationalists used the drain theory and economic exploitation by British as a weapon to awaken the masses against British rule.

2nd PUC History Impact of British Rule on Economy and Education Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
When did Zamindari system introduced?
Answer:
Zamindari system introduced in 1793.

Question 2.
What is known as Drain of wealth?
Answer:
The flow of Indian Wealth and resourced of England without getting equal economic and material profit or benefit is known as Drain of wealth.

Question 3.
Which are the presidencies introduced the Ryotwari system?
Answer:
The Ryotwari system was introduced in Bombay and Madras presidencies.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
What is Permanent Revenue settlement or Zamindari system 1793?
Answer:
Lord Cornwallis introduced this system in 1793 in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Northern UP. According to this system, the East India Company entered into an agreement with the Zamindars.

Question 2.
What is Magna-Carta of English education in India?
Answer:
The ideas of Charles Wood influenced Indian education for many years. His dispatch is known as Magna -Carta of English education in India.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Explain Wood’s Despatch 1854.
Answer:
The next step in the development of education in India was Wood’s Despatch of 1854, prepared by Sir Charles Wood. It is a comprehensive report which made the following important recommendations. Company should start primary schools in villages, high schools in towns and colleges at district level.

Primary education should be in vernacular languages and English medium for higher education. To provide Grant-in-aid to private educational institution Company should set up the department of public instruction to supervise the education in all the provinces. To establish Universities at Bombay, Madras and Calcutta on the model of London University.

To open teachers training colleges. To established vocational education and technical schools and colleges. Stress for female education. Almost all recommendations of this dispatch were implemented. The ideas of Charles Wood influenced Indian education for many years. This dispatch is known as Magna-Carta of English education in India.

Question 2.
Pick out the differences between Ryotwari system and Mahalwari system.
Answer:
Ryotwari system:
This system was introduced in Bombay and Madras Presidencies. Under this system, the East India Company made direct settlement with the Ryot or cultivators. The . ownership of land was given to Ryots on the condition that they had to pay fixed revenue of 50% regularly. The revenue was revised every 20 to 30 years.

Under this .system, farmers were exploited by the government. The revenue was collected with the help of revenue officials. Many a times the famers had to pay the revenue even though the produce was totally destroyed by droughts or floods. Many farmers,lpst the ownership of land.

Mahalwari system:
This system was introduced in North-Western India, Gangetic valley and parts of Central India. The East India. The East India Company entered into a settlement with Estate or Mahal. Mahal was a revenue unit of one or more villages. The farmers within the Mahal collectively considered the owners of the were collectively responsible for the of land revenue.

The revenue was fixed at 50% to 60% and was periodically revised. The heavy taxes became a burden on the farmers and they were reduced to absolute poverty.

Question 3.
What is the Drain of Wealth or Drain Theory?
Answer:
The British were not much interested in the development of Indian agriculture. They were interested only in the procurement of raw materials to their factories in England and to safeguard their commercial interests. The British deliberately did not start industries in India. They converted India into a source for raw materials and markets for finished products.

The flow of Indian Wealth and resourced of England without getting equal economic and material profit or benefit is known as Drain of wealth. A lot of wealth flowed to England in the form of salaries and pensions of civil and military officers, interest of loan, profits by British capitalists and expenditure on administration, etc.

The wealth of India was also drained- due to excess ta^tOg on Indian goods and less taxes on British products and excess of imports from England over the exports from India.

Question 4.
Mention the impact on Indian education.
Answer:
Before the advent of Europeans, the education in India was based on religion. The Hindu Pathashalas and Muslim Madarasas imparted education to people. In the beginning East India Company did not Show any interest in educating the people. A new beginning was made in education ini813, with the passing of charter Act by British Parliament.

This Act provided for annual expenditure of Rs. 1,00,000 for the development of education in India. But the company did not spend the entire amount for many years, because of the differences among the Orientalists and Anglicists.

Orientalists argued that the money should be spent on development of Indian languages and learning lime Sanskrit, Arabilc, Persian and Vernacular languages, whereas Anglicists thought that Development of Education in India, means- the development of English language and learning and the said money be spent on it.

2nd PUC History Socio-Religious Reform Movement Text Book Questions and Answers

Socio-Religious Reform Movement

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who was the founder of Brahmo Samaja?
Answer:
Rajaram Mohan Roy was the founder of Brahma Samaja.

Question 2.
Where was RajaRam Mohan Roy born?
Answer:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was born in West Bengal.

Question 3.
Who is called the ‘Father of Indian Renaissance’?
Answer:
Rajaram Mohan Roy is called die ‘Father of Indian Renaissance’.

Question 4.
Who was the founder of Arya Samaja?
Answer:
Dayananda Saraswathi was the founder of Aiya Samaja.

Question 5.
When was the Arya Samaja established?
Answer:
Arya Samaja was established in 1875.

Question 6.
What is Shuddhi movement?
Answer:
Swamy Dayananda Saraswathi started this movement to bring back the converted Muslims and Christians into Hindu fold.

Question 7.
Who gave the call ‘Back to Vedas’?
Answer:
Dayananda Saraswathi gave the call ‘Back to Vedas’.

Question 8.
Name the work written by Dayananda Saraswati.
Answer:
Satyarta Prakash written by Dayananda Sarswati.

Question 9.
Who established Ramkrishana mission?
Answer:
Vivekananda established Ramkrishana mission.

Question 10.
What was the original name of Vivekananda?
Answer:
Narendranatha was the original name of Vivekananda.

Question 11.
When was the conference of World Religions held at Chicago?
Answer:
In 1897.

Question 12.
Who established the Vedanta College?
Answer:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy established the Vedanta college. Where Indian knowledge and western science were thaught.

Question 13.
Who established the Theosophical Society in India?
Answer:
Annie Besant established the Theosophical Society in India.

Question 14.
Who started the Aligarh movement?
Answer:
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan started the Aligarh movement.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
Name the parents of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
Answer:
Ramakant Roy and Jarinidevi were the parents of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

Question 2.
When and where was Brahmo Samaja established?
Answer:
Brahmo Samaja established at Bengal in 1828.

Question 3.
When and where was Dayananda Saraswati born?
Answer:
Dayananda Saraswatibom at Tankara in Gujarat in 1824.

Question 4.
Name the parents of Dayanada Saraswati.
Answer:
His parents were Krishnaji Tiwari and Yashodara.

Question 5.
When and where was Arya Samaja established?
Answer:
Arya Samaja established in 1875.

Question 6.
When and where was Sawmi Vivekananda born?
Answer:
Swami Vivekananda bom at Calcutta in 1863.

Question 7.
When and where was Ramakrishana Mission established?
Answer:
The Ramakrishna mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1897 at Behirmutt in Bengal.

Question 8.
Name the newspapers published by Swami Vivekananda.
Answer:
Prabhudda Bharata and a Bengali news paper Udbhadhana.

Question 9.
Who established the Theosophical society?
Answer:
The Theosophical society was founded by Madam Blavatsky and Colonel Alcott at New York in 1875.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Describe the role of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in socio-religious movement.
Answer:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a great scholar and was proficient in many languages such as Arabic, Persian, English, French, Latin, Greek and Hebrew. He had deep knowledge of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, and Sufism. He was very much influenced by English language and Western thought. His primary aim was to reform society and religion.

He had to face the challenges of orthodox Hindus and fanatic Christian missionaries. Raja Ram established the Brahma Samaja in 1828, at Calcutta. There were superstitions and blind beliefs in Hindu religion. Brahma Samaja took up the cause of reforming the Hindu society. Brahma Samaja taught that God is one, every religion possesses truth, idol worship and ritualism are meaningless, and social evils have no connection with religion.

The Brahma Samaja led a crusade against the practice of Sati, polygamy, child marriages, marriages with minor girls, caste system, pardah system, untouchability and use of intoxicants, it encouraged inter-caste marriages, window-remarriages and women’s education. The Brahma Samaja started many educational institutions, published newspapers, magazines, arranged lectures and tours for its members to come in direct contact with the people.

Mohan Roy was one of the earliest to propagate modem education. He maintained an English school at Calcutta at his own cost. He established a Vedanta college, where Indian knowledge and Western science were taught. He supported Lord William Bentinck and got Sati prohibition Act passed in 1829. He published a Bengali Journal Samvad Kaumudi.

Question 2.
Describe the role of Dayananda Saraswathi in socio-religious movement.
Answer:
Arya Samaja was established by Dayananda Saraswathi in 1875 at Bombay. He was bom at Tankara in Gujarat in 1824, in an orthodox Brahamin family. His parents were Krishnaji Tiwari and Yashodara. His original name was Mual Shankara. His marriage was fixed at the age of 21. He opposed it, left home, and became a sanyasi.

He was a great scholar in Vedas and took up the cause of spreading Vedic Hindu religion. He criticized practices of Hindu religion, such as idol worship, pilgrimages caste system, sati, child marriage, and polygamy. He emphasized the need for female education, supported widow remarriage, and propagated Hindi and Sanskrit languages.

He also worked for the removal of caste system. Inter caste marriages and interdining were encouraged. He started the Shuddi movement to bring back the converted Muslims and Christians into Hindu fold. Such people were taken back to Hinduism Dayananda Saraswathi started many educational institutions for both boys and girls.

The principles of Arya samaj attracted many great leaders like Lala Lajapat Roy, Mahatma Hamsaraj, Gurudatta Vidyarthi and Swami Shraddananda to its fold. Dayananda Saraswathi wrote a book called Satyartha Prakasha, Go back to Vedas was his famous call to the people.

Question 3.
Discuss the personality of Swami Vivekananda.
Answer:
Swami Vivekananda was bom on Jan 12th 1863 at Calcutta. Vishnuwantthadatta and Bhuvaneshwari Devi were his parents. Narendranathadatta was his original name. He graduated from Calcutta University. He became a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. After the death of his Gum, Vivekananda took up the cause of spreading his messages.

He participated in the conference of. World Religions, held at Chicago in America in 1893, as the representative of Hinduism His Chicago address began as Brothers and sisters this won over the hearts of the people. He influenced Americans by his speeches and thoughts. He also toured important countries of Europe and spread the message of Hinduism.

For this purpose, Vivekananda established Vedanta Samaja in America and European countries. The Ramakrishna mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1897 at Belur mutt in Bengal. The Ramakrishna Mission works for religious and social upliftment of the people. It runs educational institutions, hospitals, orphanages, and old age Homes.

It also serves the people in times of natural calamities like floods, famines, epidemics, earthquakes, etc. Its branches have been established all over the world. They impart spiritual training and awareness about Hindu religion. Vivekananda believed in the unity of all religions. He preached tolerance, equality, and co-operation among the people of all faiths.

He gave importance to education, emancipation of women and eradication of poverty. Awake! Arise! Stop not until the goal is reached was his message to the youth of the country. His speeches and writings are full of pride and patriotism. They influenced the growth of nationalism; hence, Vivekananda is called Patriotic saint of India. He published an English news paper Prabhudda Bharata and a Bengali news paper Udbhadhana.

2nd PUC History Socio-Religious Reform Movement Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who started the Aligarh movement?
Answer:
The Aligarh movement was started by Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan.

Question 2.
Who established the central Hindu School later known as Banaras Hindu University?
Answer:
Annie Besant established the Central Hindu School at Banaras which later developed into Banaras Hindu Univeristy.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
Who revived the Hindu society?
Answer:
Annie Besant, an Irish lady who was greatly influenced by Indian culture came to India, settled here and played an important role in reviving Hindu society.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Describe the role of Theosophical Socieity in socio-religious movement.
Answer:
The Theosophical society was founded by madam Blavatsky and Colonel Alcott at New York in 1875. Annie Besant, an Irish Lady Who was greatly influenced by indian culture came to India, settled here and played an important role in reviving Hindu society. She adopted the Hindu culture. She established a breanch of Theosophical Soeicity in adyar near Madras in 1882.

She established the Central Hindu school at Banaras which later developed into Banaras Hindu University. She also established a National Unvier$ity at Adyar. Under the leadership of Annie Besant Theosophical Movement became an instrument of Revival of Hinduism. She also participated in freedom movement a nd started Home Rule Movement.

Question 2.
Describe the role of Aligarh movement in socio-religious movement.
Answer:
The Aligarh movement was started by sir sayyid Ahmed Khan. He was bom at Delhi in 1817. He was an enlightened Muslim, who tried to modernize Muslims and encouraged them to get English education He was against social abuses in the Muslim community like the pardah, polygamy and easy diverce.

He gave new interpretations to the doctrines of Quran. He started Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental School at Aligarh. It later developed int the Aligarh Muslim University. He gave organized Mohammadan Education conference for spreading English education. The Aligarh Movement aimed at spreading English Education and bring progressive socio religious outlook among Muslims.

It also aimed at creating political, social and economic consciousness among the Muslims. In the beginning of his career as a reformer, Khan believed in religious toleration. ’He said in 1883 ‘Now both of us live on the air of India, drink the holy water of the Ganga and the Jamuna, we both feed upon the products of the Indian soil.

We are together in life and death’. By 1888 he changed his views. Be began to champion the cause of the Muslims and rejected the views of the Indian National Congress. He gradually began to advocate fundamentalist approach and even considered democracy as detrimental to the Muslims.

2nd PUC History Mysore – A model State Text Book Questions and Answers

Mysore – A model State

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who transferred the capital from Mysore to Bengaluru?
Answer:
Cubbon transferred the capital from Mysore to Bengaluru.

Question 2.
Name the first railway line laid in Mysore state?
Answer:
Bengaluru to Jolaipet.

Question 3.
Where was Vishweshwaraiah born?
Answer:
Vishweshwaraiah born at Muddenahalli in Chikkaballapura.

Question 4.
In which year was Mysore University established?
Answer:
1916.

Question 5.
Who founded the Kannada Sahitya parishat?
Answer:
Vishveshwaraiah founded the Kannada Sahitya parishat.

Question 6.
Name the Bank established by Vishesharaiah.
Answer:
Mysore Bank.

Question 7.
What was the famous slogan of Vishvesharaiah regarding industrial development?
Answer:
Industrialize or Perish.

Question 8.
Who was the first Kannadiga who secured Bharata Ratna award?
Answer:
Vishveshwaraiah was the first Kannadiga who secured Bharata Ratna award.

Question 9.
Who built the Krishnaraja Sagara Dam?
Answer:
Vishveshwaraiah built the Krishnaraja Sagara Dam.

Question 10.
Name the founder of NIMHANS in Bengaluru.
Answer:
Sir Mirza Ismail.

Question 11.
Who built Brindavan Garden?
Answer:
Sir Mirza Ismail built Brindavan Garden.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
Name two important commissioners of Mysore.
Answer:
Lewis Bentham Bowring and Mark Cubbon were the two important commissioners of Mysore.

Question 2.
Write any two administrative reforms of Mark Cubbon.
Answer:
Mark Cubbon brought about many administrative reforms in the state. He shifted the capital from Mysore to Bengaluru. Mysore state was divided into administrative units, which were to be looked after by superintendents.

Question 3.
Write any two administrative reforms of Bowring.
Answer:
Bowring reorganized the entire administration of Mysore state. Land revenue was reformed Judicial and police departments were systematically organized.

Question 4.
Name any two important Dewans of Mysore.
Answer:
Vishveshwaraiah and Sir Mirza Ismail were the two important Dewans of Mysore.

Question 5.
Name the parents of Vishweshwa Isaiah.
Answer:
Srinivasa Shastri and Venkata Lakshmana were the parents of Vishveshwaraiah.

Question 6.
Mention any two books written by Vishweshwaraiah.
Answer:
Radio industrial development and reconstructing India two books written by Vishveshwaraiah.

Question 7.
Which were the awards conferred on to vishweshwaraiah?
Answer:
Knighthood and Bharatratna were the awards conferred on to Vishveshwaraiah.

Question 8.
Name any two industries established by Mirza Ismail.
Answer:
Sugar factory and Match industry were established by Mirza Ismail.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah is called a ‘maker of Modern Mysore’. Explain.
Answer:
Sir M. Vishveshwaraiah, who is considered the architect and maker of Modem Mysore was born on 15m Sep 1861 at Muddenahalli in ChikkabaUapura district. He served Bombay government from 1884 to 1909. He was appointed as the Dewan of Mysore inl912by Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar. Mysore witnessed all round development during his Dewanship.

Administrative reforms:
The numbers of legislative council were increased from 18 to 22. The local Board and village Panchayat regulation increased the number of elected members to the Districts and Taluks Boards.

Industrial development:
Industrialize or perish was the famous slogan of Sir M. Vishveshwaraiah. Artumber of industries were started dining his time. Some of them were the Iron works in Bhadravati, the sandal oil factory at Mysore, the soap factory at Bengaluru. The Mysore Chamber of Commerce and Industry was established at Bengaluru to support trade and commerce.

mall-scale industries also developed during his period. Cottage industries such as weaving, pottery, tiles, wood work, mat making, leather goods, beedi, and agarabatti industries flourished. The Mysore Bank was founded in 1913 for the promotion of industries and commerce.

Educational reforms:
Vishveshwaraiah believed that progress in every country depends mainly on the education of its people. He introduced compulsory primary education. Scholarships were introduced to encourage education among the socially and economically backward classes. Female education was also encouraged. Importance was given to technical education.

The engineering college at Bengaluru and the Chamarajendra technical institute started. An agricultural school was established. His greatest achievement in the field was the establishment of the Mysore University in 1916. The Kannada Sahitya Parishat was established in 1915.

His other achievements:
The greatest achievement of Sir M. Vishveshwaraiah was the construction of the Krishna Raja Sagara Dam and Mandya District owes its agricultural prosperity to him. In 1913 the Mysore – Arasikere and Bowringpete-Kolar railway lines were laid.

Relief Works:
He has authored many books and they are A vision of Prosperous Mysore, reconstructing India, Rapid development of industries, Planned Economy for India, Memories of my working life etc.,

2nd PUC History Mysore – A model State Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Where was the first railway line laid in the Mysore state?
Answer:
The first railway line between Bengaluru and Jolarpet was laid in 1859.

Question 2.
who is called the ‘Architect and Make of Modern Mysore’?
Answer:
Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah is called the ‘Architect and Make of Modem Mysore’.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
When did the British restore the rule from the Wodeyars of Mysore?
Answer:
The administration of Mysore, which was restored to the Wodeyars of Mysore in 1799 was brought under the direct mle of the British in 1831.

Question 2.
Mention the prominent Commissioners of Mysore state.
Answer:
The prominent commissioners of Mysore state were Mark Cubbon and Lewis Bentham Bowring.

Question 3.
Name the prominent Dewans of Mysore state.
Answer:
The prominent Dewans of Mysore state were Sir. M. Vishweshwaraiah and Sir Mirza Ismail.

Question 4.
What are the books written by Sir. M. Vishweshwaraiah?
Answer:
He has authored many books and they are A vision of Prosperous Mysore, reconstructing India, Rapid development of industries, Planned Economy for India, Memories of my working Life etc.,

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Dewan Sir. Mirza Ismail is considered one of the Makers of Modern Mysore state. Justify.
Answer:
Sir Mirza Ismail , who served as the Dewan from 1926-1941, is also considered one of the makers of Modem Mysore. He encouraged the development of industries by establishing many industries. Hindusthan Aeronautics Ltd, the Glass Factory, porcelain Factory at Bengaluru, the Chemical Factory at Belagola, Sugar Factory at mandya, match Factory at Shivamogga and Steel and Paper Factory at Bhadravathi were started by him.

An airport was constructed at Jakkur. Radio stations at Bengaluru and mysore were started. He encouraged village industries. He established a Khadi production centure at Badanavala. The Irwin canal was constructed, Which irrigated more than 1,20,000 acres of land in Mandya district. He had a sense of beauty and made mysore a city of parks and gardens.

Parks and gardens were also laid in Bengaluru and other cities. The Brindavan garden at K.R.S. was built. It was during his period that the silver Jubilee of the Maharaja’s rule was celebrated. To commemorate this event many hospitals, temples and reading rooms were constructed. The HIMHANS at Bengaluru, the Narashimharaja hospital at Kolar, Meggan hospital at shivamogga, and Vanivilasa hospital at Mysore were started.

Movement aid to private schools was provided to encourage education by passing the primary education Act. Kannada medium education was introduced in high schools. Thus Mirza Ismail played an important role in the development of Mysore.

2nd PUC History Indian National Movement Text Book Questions and Answers

Indian National Movement

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who presided over first session of the Indian National Congress?
Answer:
W.C. Banergi presided over first session of the Indian National Congress.

Question 2.
Why was Bengal partitioned in 1905?
Answer:
The British followed the policy of divide and rule and partitioned Bengal in 1905. They intended to create a rift between the Hindus and Muslims.

Question 3.
Which Satyagraha of Gandhiji forced the British to abolish Theenkathiya system?
Answer:
Champaran Satyagraha of Gandhiji forced the British to abolish Theenkathiya system.

Question 4.
Which incident made Gandhiji to withdraw the Non-co-operation Movement?
Answer:
Chauri-chaura incident made Gandhiji to withdraw the Non-co-operation Movement.

Question 5.
Which was the popular slogan of the people during the visit of Simon commission to India?
Answer:
“Simon go back” was the popular slogan of the people during the visit of Simon commission to India.

Question 6.
When was Poorna Swaraj declared by the Indian National congress?
Answer:
Indian National congress declared pooma Swaraj in 1929.

Question 7.
Which round table conference did Gandiji attended?
Answer:
Second round table conference did Gandhiji attended.

Question 8.
When was the Poona Pact signed?
Answer:
The Poona Pact was signed in 1932.

Question 9.
Who was popular as Netaji?
Answer:
Subhas Chandra Bose was popular as Netaji.

Question 10.
Expand INA.
Answer:
Indian National Army.

Question 11.
Where was the INA trails held?
Answer:
Red fort at Delhi.

Question 12.
Who gave the call for ‘Direct Action Day’?
Answer:
Jinnah gave the call for ‘Direct Action Day’.

Question 13.
Who is popular as the ‘Iron man of India?
Answer:
Sardar yallabai Patel is popular as the Iron man of India.

Question 14.
Where was the branch of Home rule League established in Karnataka?
Answer:
Dharwad was the branch of Home rule League established in Karnataka.

Question 15.
Expand KPCC.
Answer:
Karnataka Parishat Congress Committee.

Question 16.
Who was famous as ‘Karnataka Kesari’?
Answer:
Tilak was famous as ‘Karnataka Kesari’.

Question 17.
What was the popular slogan of Isur?
Answer:
Esuru Kottaru Isuru Kodevu was the popular slogan of Isur.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
When was the first session of the Indian national congress held and Where?
Answer:
The first session of the Indian National Congress held at Bombay in 1885.

Question 2.
Mention any two objectives of Indian National congress.
Answer:

1. To encourage and consolidate the national unity
2. To remove prejudices of Religion, caste, province etc.,

Question 3.
Name any two moderate leaders.
Answer:
Gopalakrishna and Dadabai.

Question 4.
Name any two extremist leaders.
Answer:
Lalalajpat Roy and Bala Gangadhar Tilak.

Question 5.
Who partitioned Bengal and when?
Answer:
Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal in 1905.

Question 6.
Who started the Home Rule League movement?
Answer:
Bala Gangadhar Tilak started the Home Rule League movement.

Question 7.
Who was responsible for the massacre at Jallianwalabagh? When did it occur?
Answer:
General Dyer was responsible for the massacre at Jallianwalabagh in 1919.

Question 8.
Mention any two leaders of Khilafat movement?
Answer:
Maulana Azad and Hakim Ajmal Khan were the two important leaders of Khilafat Movement.

Question 9.
Who founded the Swaraj party?
Answer:
C.R.D as and Motilal Nehru founded the Swaraj party.

Question 10.
Which congress session declared ‘Pooma Swaraj’ as its aim? When was it held?
Answer:
The Lahore Congress session declared ‘Pooma Swaraj’ as its aim. It was held in.

Question 11.
From where did Gandhiji start the ‘Salt March’ and where did it culminate?
Answer:
Gandhiji started the Salt March from Sabarmati and culminate at Dandi.

Question 12.
Who signed the Poona pact?
Answer:
Dr.Bhem Rao Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhiji singned the Poona pact.

Question 13.
Where was the first session of the Karnataka Pradesh congress Committee held and when?
Answer:
The first session of the Karnataka Pradesh congress committee washeld in 1920 at Dharwad.

Question 14.
Where was the only congress session presided by Gandhiji held? When?
Answer:
Belgaum congress session presided by Gandhiji in 1924.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
What were the important factors that led to the growth of Indian nationalism?
Answer:
Important Factors for the growth of Indian nationalism:

1. The British considered India to be only a colony, which provided cheap raw materials and market to their finished goods. The economic policy destroyed the economic structure that existed and the nation became poorer. The Indian village industries, petty trade, and peasantry suffered severely. Unemployment began to grow. The economic backwardness of India was attributed to the British rule.
2. The British provided a uniform system of – administration and judicial system by establishing political unity for a substantive period.
3. The Western system of education in English introduced by the British broke the monopoly of the traditional systems practiced in Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic by the Hindus and the Muslims.
4. The British considered themselves racially superior to the Indians. They discriminated and degraded the Indians. The British often scolded the Indians as Kutthe and Suwars. All high offices in administration, judiciary, and legislature were with the British.
5. The British, waged a series of wars and followed reactionary policies like subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse of establish political supremacy over India. The rulers and officers who lost their power and prestige and the supporters of such regimes turned against the British.
6. The Indian Press and literature in the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century has inspired nationalism among the Indians. The plights of the people due to the British government were published.

Question 2.
Discuss briefly the causes for the rise of extremism.
Answer:
Important causes for the rise of Extremism:
1. The moderates failed to achieve any results through their constitutional methods of prayers, petitions, and protests. This angered the extremists and the moderates themselves were disillusioned by the British attitude. The approach of the moderates with a foreign invader was termed by the extremists as political mendicancy.

2. The lethargy of the British Government in handling the famines of 1896-1898 and 1899-1901 resulted in the deaths of thousands of Indians. This showed that the British were interested only in the economic exploitation of India and not about the welfare of the Indians.

The Indian anger became evident with the murder of the Plague Commissioner Mr. Rand. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was arrested for the death of Mr. Rand. This further increased the radical nationalism.

3. Viceroy Lord Curzon introduced many reactionary measures like Calcutta Corporation Act, Official Secrets Act and Indian Universities Act. His actions curbed the Indians and increased the dominance of the British. Curzon partitioned Bengal on 16th October 1905 into East Bengal and West Bengal.

4. The efforts of leaders like Swami Vivekananda, Swami Dayananda Saraswathi, Aurobindo Gosh, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, etc., instilled confidence and self respect among the Indians. Bal Gangadhar Tilak started the public celebration of Ganesha festival and Shivaji Jayanthi, that encouraged the nationalist sentiments.

5. International influence the world events like the successful independence and unification movements of Italy and Germany, the defeat of mighty Russia by a tiny Japan in 1905 and the nationalist movements in Egypt, Turkey, Persia and China influenced the Indian thought. The nationalists began to think that they too could unite and drive away the British.

Question 3.
Explain the role of Karnataka in the Indian National Movement.
Answer:
The role of Karnataka in the Indian National Movement:
Karnataka played an active role in the national movement The opposition to the British in Karnataka by Hyder ah and Tippu Sultan was started as early as the 18u century. This was followed by many more instances and some of the important are Revolts of Dhondia Wagha, queen Channamma of Kittur, Sangoli Rayanna, Halagali Bedas, but serious struggle started with the establishment of Indian National congress.

The first Karnataka Pradesh congress Committee session was held in 1920 at Dharwad. Gangadharrao Deshpande was the president of the session. He was popular as lion of Karnataka. Very soon Pradesh Congress Committees were established at Bengaluru, Mysore, Tunkur and Kaduru. Sarojini Naidu was the president for the Pradesh Congress Session at Mangaluru in 1922.

N.S.Hardikar established the Hindustan Seva Dal at Hubli in 1924 to intensify the struggle in Karnataka. Gandhiji was the president of the congress session held at Begaum in 1924. It was the only session of the congress presided by Gandhiji. Hardikar Manjappa, famous as Gandhi of Karnataka along with Vallabai Patel, Rajagopalachari, Nehru, etc participated in it.

Karnataka actively participated in the Civil disobedience Movement. Mylara Mahadevappa of Karnataka was one among the 78 members who started the March from Sabarmati Ashram along with Gandhi during the salt satyagraha. The salt satyagraha was organized by leaders like Ambi, Diwakar, Sadashivrao, Hanumanrao, Gangadharrao Deshpande, etc.

The organization was completely successful in preparing salt at Ankola on the very day Gandhiji did it at Dandi. The British arrested many leaders and prohibited the people from participating. But people defied the prohibition and more than 25,000 people participated and hoisted the tricolor flag.

In the same year, a procession was organized at Vidurashwatha and the tricolor flag eas hoisted. The police Lathi charged and fired at the congregation, killing 32 people. This incident is popular as Jalianwala Bagh of Karnataka. The Quit India Movement resulted in anti British activities all over Karnataka as it manifested in different parts of India.

However, the noteworthy event was the Isur tragedy. Isur, a small village in Shivamogga declared independence from the British rule. The villagers snatched away revenue records from the Patel and Shanbhog and paraded them all over the village. They hoisted the tricolor flag on the Veerabhadredhwara temple.

The police responded with even lathi charge and firing. The villagers killed the Tahashildar and a police officer. Many people were arrested by the British and put in Bengaluru central Jail. Five among them Mallappa, Halappa, Shankaiappi and Suryanaaryanachari were given penalty. The IndianNationalMovement ended with the Independence of India in 1947 and Mysore acceded to the Indian Union.

IV. Answer the following in 30 to 40 sentences.

Question 1.
Tread the Indian national movement from 1885 to 1920.
Answer:
The political.organizations before the foundation ofthe Indian national congress were working in different provinces and were less effective. A British civil servant Allan Octavian Hume conceived a national Union of all political leaders. He inspired the leaders to establish the Indian National Union in 1884, subsequently the Indian National congress. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held at Bombay on 27-12-1885.

Various Stages of Indian National Movement:
I stage:
From 1885 to 1905 the Indian National congress was led by Dababhai Naoroji, Pherozshah Mehta, Badruddin Tayabji, Anandacharhi, SurendranathBaneijee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, etc., they expressed loyalty to the British and believed in the British benevolence. They intended to pressurize the British Government through Prayers, Petitions, and Protests.

They organized public meetings, submitted memorandums to the British Government and sent delegations to London. The first stage though did not bring about any drastic change in the political scenario it represented the progressive forces of the time doming together.

Question 2.
Discuss the role of Gandhiji in Indian national Movement.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi played a prominent role in the third stage of the National Movement. He included the farmers, workers and other common people and provided a wider base. He also politically educated the Indian masses and introduced ‘Satyagraha as a tool to fight against the mighty British Empire.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi practiced Law in south Africa from 1893 to 1914. He evolved the technique of ‘Satyagraha’ to fight against the Repressive South African Government. He returned to India in 1915 and travelled widely and understood the living conditions of the people. He then founded the Sabarmati Ashram in 1916 at Ahmadabad, Where Gandhiji and his followers practiced the ideas of truth and non-violence.

He was very soon involved in three struggles:

1. Champaran Satyagraha in 1917.
2. Ahmadabad mill strike in 1918 and
3. Kheda Satyagraha in 1918.

Non-cooperation Movement 1920-22:
Gandhiji’s plan of launching a nationwide Non-cooperation Movement was accepted by. the session. The response of the people to the call was unprecedented. Thousands of students boycotted government schools and colleges and joined national institutions like kasha Vidyapeetha, Jamiya Miliya islamiya, Gujarat Vidyapeeth etc., Gandhiji who laid utmost stress on Non-violence withdrew the movement on 5th February 1922 due to the chauri chura incident.

Civil Disobedience Movement:
Gandhiji placed 11 demands before the British and set 31 January 1930 to accept or reject the demands. With no positive response by the British, he launched the Civil disobedience Movement. The famous ‘Salt March or Dandi march’ of Gandhiji started with 78 members from Sabarmati Ashram on 12th March and traversed 240 miles to conclude on 6th April 1930 at Dandi, by then the number of Satyagrhis had increased thousand fold.

The second round table conference: Gandhiji attended the Round Table conference at London as the sole representative of the congress. He claimed that the congress alone was the representative of India politically and no separate electorates or special safeguards were to be provided to the Muslims.

Quit India Movement-1942:
The all India congress committee met on 8th August 1942 at Bombay and adopted the Quit India Resolution and asked Gandhiji to lead the Movement. Gandhiji gave a famous slogan ‘do or die’. The government immediately swung into action, arrested all prominent congress leaders including Gandhiji, and banned the congress. The people without any leaders to guide acted acted, as they wanted.

2nd PUC History Indian National Movement Text Book Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who were called ‘Moderates’?
Answer:
The activities of the leaders wer on a moderate approach and hence were called ‘Moderates’.

Question 2.
Who were important the leaders of extremists?
Answer:
The important leaders of the extremists were Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai.

Question 3.
When was Bengal partitioned?
Answer:
Bengal was partitioned in 1905.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
Quit India movements of Isur, explain.
Answer:
Isur, a small village in Shivamogga declared independence from the British rule. The villagers snatched away revenue records from the’ Patel and Shanbhog and paraded them all over the village. They hoisted the tricolor flag on the Veerabhadredhwara temple. The police responded with every lathi charge and firing.

The villagers killed the Tajhashildar and a police officer. Many people were arrested bu the British and put in Bengaluru central Jail. Five among them-Gurappa, Mallappa, Halappa, Shankarappa, and Suryanaaryanachari were given death penalty.

Question 2.
Why is the Congress called a ‘Factory of Sedition’?
Answer:
The British were hostile towards the congress since its establishment and they developed a stefn attitude towards the Moderates. They called the congress as a ‘Factory of Sedition”.

Question 3.
Who are called extremists? Why?
Answer:
The extremists were radical and militant in their approach in contrast to the Moderates. Hence, they were called ‘Extermists’ or ‘radical nationalists’.

Question 4.
Point out the objectives of the Indian National congress.
Answer:

1. To encourage and consolidate the national unity.
2. To revmove prejudices of Region, caste, province, etc.
3. To promote intimacy and friendship among Indian.
4. To politically educate the Indian masses and formulate a public opinion.
5. To pressurize the British to favorably enact upon the Public opinion,
6. To include more Indians in the councils and civil services.

Question 5.
Mention any two important causes for the rise of Extremists.
Answer:
1. The moderates failed to achieve any results through their constitutional methods of prayers, petitions, and protests. This angered the Extremists and the moderates themselves were disillusioned by the British attitude. The approach of the moderates with a foreign invader was termed by the extremists as political mendicancy.

2. The lethargy of the British Government in handling the famines of 1896-1898 and 1899-1901 resulted iii the deaths of thousands of Indians. This showed that the British were interested only in the economic exploitation of India and about the welfare of the Indians.

The Indian anger became evident with the murder of the Plague Commissioner Mr. Rand. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was arrested for the death of Mr. Rand. This further increased the radical nationalism.

Question 6.
Why is Indian national Movement is called the Gandhian Era?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi played a prominent role in the third stage of the National Movement. He included the farmers, workers and other common people and provided a wider base. He also politically educated the Indian masses and introduced ‘Satyagraha’as a tool to fight against the mighty British empire. Hence this stage of the National movement is popular as ‘GandhianEra’.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Mention the important events that took place in India during the freedom movement.
Answer:
The partition of Bengal (1905):
The British followed the policy of divide and rule and partitioned Bengal in 1905. They intended to create a rift between the Hindus and Muslims. The people staunchly opposed this and indulged in the anti-partition movement. Boycott of foreign goods and Swadeshi movements began as a protest. Finally, the British were forced to annul the partition of Bengal in 1911.

The Surat Split (1907):
The extremists and the Moderates differed over issues like election of the president, setting goals and passing resolutions of the congress. There was a demand for an extremist leader to be elected as the President of congress session of 1906. Finally, both groups agreed to dadabhai Naoroji for Presidentship.

But the extremists were, successful in making Dadabhai naoroji to declare Swaraj as the goal of the congress. The differences once again emerged at Surat session in 1907. The moderates wanted Rashbihari Gosh and the Extremists wanted Lala Lajpat Rai to be the president. Both the groups refused to compromise resulting in the split in the Indian National congress. This is popular as ‘the Surat Split’.

2nd PUC History Unification of Karnataka Text Book Questions and Answers

Unification of Karnataka

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who persuaded the princely states to join the Indian Union?
Answer:
Sardar vallababhai patel persuaded the princely state to join the Indian Union.

Question 2.
Which was the famous work of Alur Venkata Rao?
Answer:
Karnataka Gatha Vaibhava was the famous work of Alur Venkata Rao.

Question 3.
Who was the chairman of the States Reorganization Committee?
Answer:
Fazl Ah was the chairman of the States Reorganization Committee.

Question 4.
Name of first Chief Minister of Mysore after the unification.
Answer:
S. Nijalingappa was the first Chief Minister of Mysore after the unification.

II. Answer the following. in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
Name any two important leaders of the unification of Karnataka.
Answer:
H.M. Kunjru and K.M.Panikkar were the two important leaders of the unification of Karnataka.

Question 2.
Mention any two committees formed for reorganization of states.
Answer:
JVP committee and Dhar committee.

Question 3.
Name any two members of the JVP committee.
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabai Patel were the two important members of the JVP committee.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Trace the factors responsible for creating unity among Kannadigas.
Answer:
Important factors responsible in bringing unity:

1. The newspapers like Samyukta Kamatak, Vishla Karnataka, Karnataka Vrutha, etc,
2. Ahir Venkata Rao wrote the famous book Karnataka Gatha vaibhava and similar books.
3. Institutions like the Karnataka Vidya Vardhaka Sangha, Kannada Sahitya Parishad, etc.
4. Poets wrote poems like-
   • Huilgol Narayanrao – Udayavagali namma cheluva kannada Nadu
   • Shantakavi-Rakshisu Karnataka devi
   • Kuvempui – Jaya Bharatha Jananiya Tanujathe
   • B.M. Shree-YerisuHarisu Kannada Bavuta etc.,
5. Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee, Karnataka Sabha etc,took up the cause of Unification. Karnataka Sabha later became Karnataka Ekeekarana Samiti. The first President was Siddappa Kambli.
6. Gandhiji also accepted the formation of linguistic states during the Belgaum congress session in 1924.
7. The Nehru committee recommended the unification of Karnataka in 1928.
8. The efforts of many leaders like -Alur Venkatrao, Siddappa Kambli, Gudleppa Hallikeri, R.H.Deshpande, Goruru Ramaswamy Iyengar, Srinivasaro Mangalavede, Kengal Hanumanthaiah, S. Nijalinappa, Andan&ppa Dossameti, etc.

Question 2.
Briefly discuss the unification movement of Karnataka.
Answer:
The Central Government appointed the Dhar committee in 1948 to look into the question of the re-organization of states. The committee discouraged the formation of Linguistic states and opined that it was detrimental to the national integration. The people were discontented and agitations continued.

The JVP committee (Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallababhai Patel and Pattabi Sithaaramaiah) was formed in 1949. The committee agreed to the formation of Andhra but refused to the formation of Karnataka. Andanappa goddammit, a senior Congress leader resigned to the Bombay assembly and started a fast demanding the Unification of Kannada speaking regions.

Finally the states reorganization committee was formed in 1953. It consisted of Fazl Ali as the chairman and H.M. Kunjru and K.M.Panikkar were its members. Hence it was also called Fazl Ali committee. It submitted its report in 1955. The committee’s recommendations were implemented on 1st November 1956 bringing the re-organized Mysore state into existence.

It was called the new Mysore state. The old Mysore state, Raichur, Bidar and Gulburga districts from erstwhile Hyderabad, Belgaum, Dharwad, Bijapur and UttaraKannada districts from Bombay presidency, Bellary, Dakshina Kannada and Kollegal from Madras and Kodagu together constituted the new United Mysore state on 1st November 1956.

S.Nijaligappa was the first chief minister of the Unified Mysore state. It consisted 19 districts. This was renamed as Karnataka on 1 November 1973. The Chief Minister then was Devaraja Urs.

2nd PUC History Unification of Karnataka Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who is the leader of Jammu and Kashmir National Conference?
Answer:
Shaikh Abdullah is the leader of Jammu and Kashmir National conference.

Question 2.
When was Hyderabad merged with India?
Answer:
Hyderabad tons merged with India after India resorting’to Police action.

II. Answer the following in two words or two sentences each.

Question 1.
What is known as ‘Privy Purse’?
Answer:
Indian Government paid a fixed sum of amount, known as ‘privy Purse’ to the rules, who signed the ‘Instrument of Accession’ and also allowed them to maintain certain privileges and titles.

III. Answer the following in 15 to 20 sentences each.

Question 1.
Explain the reorganization of States of Inidia.
Answer:
After the merger of Hyderabad, the ruling Congress Government agreed to create Andhra Pradesh which would be bringing together all Telugu speaking people. Potti Sriramulu started a fast unto death demanding the creation of Andhra Pradesh and died on the 58th day of his fast in 1952. This created a lot of unrest.

This unrest spread to many other provinces, who wanted unification of provinces on the basis of linguistic and cultural unity. The Kannada speaking regions also wanted unification. But the regions were under- Madras and Bombay presidencies and the rest under the princely states of Mysore, Hyderabad, Sangli, Miraj, Jamkhandi, Sandur, Savnur, Mudhol Akkalkot, Jatt, Ramdurg, etc.,