Students can download Class 8 Science Chapter 23 Earth and Beyond Important Questions, KSEEB Class 8 Science Important Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and to clear all their doubts, score well in final exams.
Karnataka State Syllabus Class 8 Science Important Questions Chapter 23 Earth and Beyond
Question 1.
Mention the features of Earth.
Answer:
- Earth is almost spherical in shape. Its diameter is about 12000 km.
- Earth rotates on its axis.
- Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees with the orbital axis. Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted.
- Earth is the fifth largest planet in the solar system.
- Earth orbits the sun once every 365 days.
- Earth consists of land, air, water and life.
Question 2.
What are the uses of artificial satellites?
Answer:
- Artificial satellites help scientists predict the weather and climate.
- They also help public health officials track diseases and famine.
- They help farmers decide when to plant crops and what kinds to plant.
- They help emergency workers respond to natural disasters.
Question 3.
What is celestial sphere?
Answer:
An imaginary’ sphere of infinite radius for which the observer is the centre is known as celestial sphere.
Question 4.
What is the importance of the celestial sphere?
Answer:
Celestial sphere has no real existence. However, the stars, the sun, the moon and the planets appear to be fixed on the inner surface of this imaginary sphere. The celestial sphere was useful and continues to be a useful way to represent the Universe.
The concept of the celestial sphere provides a simple way of thinking about the appearance of the stars from the Earth without the complication of a realistic model of the universe.
Working with the celestial sphere offers a convenient way of describing what we see from Earth. When we refer to the celestial sphere, we are imagining that everything we see on the sky is set on the inside of a huge spherical shell that surrounds the Earth. We use the reference points of the celestial sphere as the basis to describe the position of the objects.
Question 5.
What is geocentric model of the universe? Who introduced this model?
Answer:
The model of the universe with earth being at its centre is called geocentric model of the universe. Ancient people thought that the earth is at the centre of the universe, and that all other objects orbit around it. This model was introduced by Ptolemy.
Question 6.
What is heliocentric model of the universe?
Answer:
The model of the universe of which the sun is the centre is called heliocentric model of the universe.
Question 7.
Who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe?
Answer:
The heliocentric model of the universe was proposed by Nicholas Copernicus.
Question 8.
What is Light year?
OR
Define Light year and Light minute.
Answer:
- Light year is a unit of distance used to express the distance between celestial objects such as stars.
- Light year: One light year is the distance travelled by light in one year moving at the rate of 3 × 108 m s-1.
- Light minute: One light minute is the distance travelled by light in one minute moving at the rate of 3 × 108 m s-1.
Question 9.
Distinguish between the geocentric model and the heliocentric model of the universe.
Answer:
Geocentric model:
- This model was proposed by Ptolemy.
- This model places the earth at the centre of the universe.
- According to this model everything else will revolve round the earth.
- According to this theory, the stars move around the earth.
Heliocentric model:
- This model was proposed by Nicholas Copernicus.
- This model places the sun at the centre of the universe.
- According to this model everything else will revolve round the sun.
- According to this theory the daily westward motion of the stars is due to rotation of the earth around its own axis.
Question 10.
What is meant by solar system?
Answer:
The sun and all the celestial objects that move around the sun together constitute the solar system.
Question 11.
List the members of the solar system.
Answer:
The members of the solar system are
- Sun (only star in the solar system)
- Eight planets viz., Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
- Satellites of the planets
- Asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
- Dwarf planets like Pluto, Ceres, Eris and others
- Satellites of the planets which are also called the moons of the planets
- Comets such as Halley
- Artificial objects like satellites and spacecrafts.
Question 12.
Which is the centre of the solar system?
Answer:
The sun is the centre of the solar system.
Question 13.
Compare the radius of the sun with that of the earth.
Answer:
The radius of the sun is about 109 times that of the earth.
Question 14.
What are planets? List all the planets of the solar system.
Answer:
Relatively massive objects that are revolving round the sun in elliptical orbits are called planets.
The planets of the solar system in the order of their increasing distance from the sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
Question 15.
Distinguish between planets and stars.
Answer:
Planets:
- Planets do not have their own light. They merely reflect the light of the sun.
- Planets do not twinkle.
- Planets have relatively small size.
- Temperature of the planets is relatively low.
Stars:
- Stars have their own light and hence are self luminous objects.
- Stars appear to twinkle when seen from the earth.
- Stars are huge compared to planets.
- Temperature of the stars is much higher compared to that of planets.
Question 16.
Mention the planets in the sky which can be observed easily with naked eyes.
Answer:
The planets in the sky which can be observed with naked eyes are Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
Question 17.
Which is the planet closest to the sun?
Answer:
The planet closest to the sun is Mercury.
Question 18.
Mercury is difficult to observe. Give reason.
Answer:
Mercury is the smallest planet of the solar system and it is the closest to the sun. This is why it is difficult for an inexperienced person to sight the planet.
Question 19.
What is the range of temperature on Mercury?
Answer:
The temperature on Mercury ranges from -183 °C to 427 °C.
Question 20.
What is the period of rotation and revolution of Mercury?
Answer:
Mercury rotates on its own axis once in 59 earth days. Therefore its period of rotation is 59 days. The period of revolution of Mercury around the sun is 88 days.
Question 21.
Why are there so many craters on Mercury?
Answer:
Mercury has a large number of craters on its surface due to impact of meteorites.
Question 22.
What is the density of mercury?
Answer:
The density of mercury is 5.43 g cm-3.
Question 23.
Which is the smallest planet of the solar system?
Answer:
Mercury is the smallest planet of the solar system.
Question 24.
Which is the second planet from the sun in the solar system? Why does the sunrise in the west and set in the east on this planet?
Answer:
The second planet from the sun in the solar system is Venus. Venus rotates on its own axis from east to west. This is why the sun rises in the west and sets in the east on Venus.
Question 25.
What is the period of rotation and the period of revolution of Venus?
Answer:
The period of rotation of Venus is 243 earth days. Its period of revolution around the sun is 225 days.
Question 26.
A day on Venus is longer than its year. Give reason.
Answer:
The period of rotation of Venus is 243 earth days. Its period of revolution around the sun is 225 days. This is why a day on Venus is longer than its year.
Question 27.
What is the chief constituent of the atmosphere of Venus? What is its consequence?
Answer:
The major constituent of the atmosphere of Venus is carbon dioxide. As a result, the planet is very hot.
Question 28.
Greenhouse effect is prominent on Venus. Give reason.
Answer:
The chief constituent of the atmosphere of Venus is carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a green house gas. It traps heat and causes the rise in temperature of Venus. This is why greenhouse effect is prominent on Venus.
Question 29.
What is the surface temperature of Venus?
Answer:
The surface temperature of Venus is 450 °C.
Question 30.
Which planet is called ‘morning star’ or ‘evening star’? Why?
Answer:
Venus is a bright celestial object which is next only to the moon in its brightness. This planet can be seen in the eastern sky before sunrise or in the western sky after sunset. This is why Venus is called morning star or evening star.
Question 31.
Why is the temperature of Venus much higher than that of Mercury?
Answer:
The temperature of Venus is higher than that of Mercury due to the trapping of heat by its carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere. This is what is called greenhouse effect.
Question 32.
What is the density of Venus?
Answer:
The density of Venus is 5.2 g cm-3.
Question 33.
Which is the third planet from the sun? What is its uniqueness?
Answer:
The third planet from the sun is the Earth. Earth is a unique planet because it is the only place in the universe where life is known to exist.
Question 34.
What is the density of the earth?
Answer:
Earth’s density is 5.51 g cm-3.
Question 35.
What part of the Earth’s surface is covered with water?
Answer:
About 2/3 of the surface of the Earth is covered with water.
Question 36.
What is the period of rotation and revolution of the Earth?
Answer:
The period of rotation of the earth is 24 hours (one day). The period of revolution of the earth round the sun is about 365 days.
Question 37.
Which is the only natural satellite of the Earth?
Answer:
The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth.
Question 38.
When did the first human being land on Moon? Who was he?
Answer:
The first human being landed on Moon in 1969. The first person to land on Moon was American astronaut Neil Armstrong.
Question 39.
Name the programme launched by India to explore the Moon.
Answer:
The programme launched by India for the exploration of the Moon is Chandrayana-I.
Question 40.
In space, since there is no air for sound to travel, how do astronauts communicate with each other?
Answer:
Sound can only travel through a solid, liquid or gas. Space being an almost perfect vacuum does not allow sound to travel and be heard by the ears. As such, astronauts communicate with each other in space when they are spacewalking through the use of radio waves. Radio wave signals are sent to their headsets which then translates the signal into the form of sound.
When receiving and sending message to earth it is sent in the form of radio waves which is then translated to sound wave (message) by a radio set. Radio wave is a part of the light spectrum called electromagnetic spectrum and is therefore a light wave.
Light does not need a medium to travel. Astronauts can, however, talk to each other as if they were on Earth only when they are in their space ship. Here, there are enough air particles to vibrate and take the sound to their ear drum.
Question 41.
Which is the fourth planet from the sun? What is its density?
Answer:
The fourth planet from the sun is Mars. The density of Mars is 3.2 g/cm3.
Question 42.
Why is Mars called the red planet?
Answer:
Mars appears reddish in colour due to colour of the soil and rocks on the planet. This is why Mars is called the red planet.
Question 43.
What are the polar ice caps on Mars made of?
Answer:
The polar ice caps on Mars are made of frozen carbon dioxide.
Question 44.
Name the two natural satellites of Mars.
Answer:
The two natural satellites of Mars are Phobos and Deimos.
Question 45.
What is the range of temperature on the surface of Mars?
Answer:
The surface temperature of Mars varies from -60 °C to +25 °C.
Question 46.
What is the period of rotation and revolution of Mars?
Answer:
The period of rotation of Mars is \(24 \frac{1}{2}\)hours. The period of revolution of Mars is 687 days.
Question 47.
What are asteroids? Where are they largely found?
Answer:
A large number of rocky objects, much smaller than planets, revolving round the sun are called asteroids. They are largely found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Question 48.
What is asteroid belt?
Answer:
A belt comprising of a large number of rock-like objects and found mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter is called the asteroid belt.
Question 49.
Name some of the major asteroids.
Answer:
The biggest asteroids in the solar system are Ceres, Pallas, Juno and Vesta.
Question 50.
What is a meteoroid?
Answer:
Small specks of matter wandering in the solar system are called meteoroids. Meteoroids may be the asteroids or pieces of them or fragments of a comet’s tail.
Question 51.
What are meteors?
Answer:
A bright trail of light that appears in the sky when a small speck of matter enters the atmosphere at great speed, gets heated by friction and burns up is called meteor. A meteor is also called ‘shooting star’ or ‘falling star’.
Question 52.
What are meteorites?
Answer:
When a meteor survives its passage through the earth’s atmosphere, a part of it strikes the ground. That is a meteorite.
Question 53.
What are meteoric showers?
Answer:
When a large group of tiny specks of matter enters the earth’s atmosphere at the same time from the same direction, we can observe a large number of meteors together in the same area of the sky. Such a stream of meteors is meteoric shower.
Question 54.
Which is the biggest and the most massive planet of the solar system? What is its density?
Answer:
The biggest and the most massive planet of the solar system is Jupiter. Its density is 1.3 g/cm3.
Question 55.
What is the position of Jupiter in the solar system? What is its period of rotation and revolution?
Answer:
Jupiter is the 5th planet from the sun. The period of rotation of Jupiter is 10 hours and the period of revolution is nearly 12 years.
Question 56.
Why is Jupiter bulged at its equator and flattened at the poles?
Answer:
Jupiter is largely made of fluids and it spins on its own axis at very high speed. The high speed of rotation of the planet exerts an outward force which pulls the fluids in that direction causing its equator to bulge and flatten at the poles.
Question 57.
What are the bands on the Jupiter due to? Why are they coloured?
Answer:
Jupiter has a very complex atmosphere. It is dominated by colourful bands and turbulent swirls. The visible bands on Jupiter are the result of the combined effects of rapid rotation and strong convection currents. The high speed of rotation of the planet creates strong winds around the planet.
Further, strong convection brings warmer gas to the surface. The colours of the belts and zones reflect the presence of different types of molecules in the gas.
Question 58.
What are Galilean satellites? Why are they called so?
Answer:
The four biggest moons of Jupiter namely Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto are called Galilean satellites. They are called so because these satellites were discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610 with a telescope he himself had made.
Question 59.
Which satellite has active volcanoes?
Answer:
Io, a satellite of Jupiter, has active volcanoes.
Question 60.
Which is the sixth planet from the sun in the solar system? What is its density?
Answer:
The sixth planet from the sun in the solar system is Saturn. Its density is 0.69 g/cm3.
Question 61.
What is the period of rotation and revolution of Saturn?
Answer:
The period of rotation of Saturn is 10 hrs 40 minutes. Its period of revolution around the sun is 29.46 earth years.
Question 62.
It is said that Saturn floats on water. Why is this so?
Answer:
The specific gravity of Saturn is quite less compared to the specific gravity of water. This is why Saturn is said to float on water.
Question 63.
What are the rings of Saturn made of?
Answer:
The rings of Saturn are made of ice, rock pieces and dust.
Question 64.
What is the position of Uranus from the Sun? What is its density?
Answer:
Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. Its density is 1.39 g/cm3.
Question 65.
Who discovered a ring system around Uranus?
Answer:
The existence of a ring system around Uranus was discovered by two Indian scientists J.C. Bhattacharya and K. Kuppuswamy.
Question 66.
What is the period of rotation and revolution of Uranus?
Answer:
The period of rotation of Uranus is 17 hours and its period of revolution is 84 years.
Question 67.
Why does Uranus stand out among the planets?
Answer:
The axis of rotation of Uranus is tilted to its orbital plane by about 98°. This means that the axis of rotation of the planet is approximately parallel to the plane of the Solar System. This makes Uranus unique in the solar system.
Question 68.
Which is the last planet of the solar system? What is its period of rotation and revolution?
Answer:
Neptune is the last planet in the solar system. Its period of rotation is 16 hours 30 minutes. Its period of revolution is 165 years.
Question 69.
What is the density of Neptune?
Answer:
The density of Neptune is 1.6 g/cm3.
Question 70.
Which celestial object was considered a planet of the solar system up to 2006?
Answer:
Pluto was considered a planet of the solar system up to 2006.
Question 71.
Why was Pluto removed from the list of planets in 2006?
Answer:
In August 2006, International Astronomical Union adopted a new definition for a planet. Pluto did not fit into this definition as it was much smaller in size and mass. Pluto is now officially a ‘dwarf planet’.
Question 72.
Name the following:
- a) The most massive object of the solar system
- The planet which is called morning star or evening star
- Only planet where life is known to exist
- The red planet
- The biggest planet of the solar system
- The planet of which Titan is a satellite
- Nearest planet to the sun
- Nearest planet to the earth
- The farthest planet of the solar system
- The planet with a set of ring system as viewed from a telescope.
Answer:
- Sun
- Venus
- Earth
- Mars
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Mercury
- Venus
- Neptune
- Saturn.
Question 73.
How are natural satellites different from planets?
Answer:
Planets are heavenly bodies which orbit the sun. They are very’ big in size. Natural satellites are heavenly or celestial bodies that orbit a planet or smaller body. They are much smaller than planets.
Question 74.
What are comets?
Answer:
A celestial object that moves around the sun in highly elongated orbit and consisting mainly of silicates, frozen gases and water is called a comet.
Question 75.
Show by a diagram, the development of the tail of a comet as it approaches the sun.
Answer:
A comet develops a tail as it approaches the sun. The tail will become longest, when the comet is closest to the sun. As the comet moves away from the sun, its tail diminishes. When it is farthest from the sun, they become nearly spherical objects.
Question 76.
Why do comets develop a tail as they come closer to the sun?
Answer:
Comets only have tails when they are close to the sun. When they are far from the sur, comets are extremely dark, cold, icy objects. The ice body is called the nucleus. Nuclei are made of various types of ice, dirt and dust. As comets get closer to the sun in their journeys through the solar system, they start to warm up.
As they near the sun, the ice starts to heat up and vapourize, releasing the gases and embedded dust particles that form a cloud or atmosphere – called a coma – around the comet. As comets continue travelling closer to the sun, the dust particles and other bits of debris in the coma are blown away from the sun due to the pressure of sunlight. This process forms a dust tail. Comets usually have a second tail too.
This one is called an ion or gas tail and it is formed when the ice of the nucleus is heated and turns directly into gases without passing through the liquid stage. The gas tail forms when charged particles from the sun, called the solar wind, push the cometary gas particles directly away from the sun.
The gas tail is visible because its particles glow after being excited by solar radiation. Once comets start moving away from the sun, their activity decreases. Their tails fade and the comet disappears.
Question 77.
What are comets made of?
Answer:
Comets are largely made of silicates, frozen gases and water.
Question 78.
How are comets named?
Answer:
Comets are named after the person or persons who first reports their discovery. For example, Comet Halley is named after Edmund Halley. Sometimes more than one person reports a new comet at the same time. In that case, the names are combined – as in the cases of Comet Hale-Bopp or Comet Shoemaker- Levy.
Question 79.
What is the period of revolution of Halley’s comet? When did it visit the sun last? When is it likely to come near the sun again?
Answer:
The period of revolution of Halley’s comet is 76 years. It had come near the sun in 1986. It is likely to approach the sun again around 2062.
Question 80.
List some of the comets that have appeared during recent years.
Answer:
| Name of the comet | Year of appearance |
| Comet Halley | 1986 |
| Comet Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko | 1989 |
| Comet Austin | 1990 |
| Comet Swift-Tuttle | 1992 |
| Comet Hyakutake | 1996 |
| Comet Hale-Bopp | 1997 |
| Comet Bradfield | 2004 |
Question 81.
What is a star? Name two stars in the sky.
Answer:
A star is a huge self-luminous object which emits heat and light by nuclear fusion process. eg: Sun, Sirius, Pole star, etc.
Question 82.
What is the unit commonly used to express the distance between stars?
Answer:
A unit called ‘Light year’ is commonly used to express the distance between stars.
Question 83.
How much time does light take to reach the earth from the sun?
Answer:
Light takes about \(8 \frac{1}{2}\) minutes to reach the earth from the sun.
Question 84.
Express the distance of some commonly known stars in Light year.
Answer:
| Name of the star | Distance in light-year [ly] |
| Sun | 0.000016 |
| Alpha Centauri | 4.3 |
| Sirius | 8.7 |
| Pole star | 432 |
| Betel geuse | 640 |
| Regel | 800 |
Question 85.
Express the following in km
- 10 light minute
- 10 light day
- 10 light year.
Answer:
Question 86.
How is the colour of a star-related to its temperature?
Answer:
The colour of a star very much depends on its temperature. Coolest among the stars appear red while hottest stars are blue stars. The reason the colour changes with temperature is because of the frequency of light.
Question 87.
Stars appear to be at the same distance. Why?
Answer:
The stars are so far away that they appear to be at the same distance.
Question 88.
What are constellations? Give four examples.
Answer:
Traditionally, a group of visible stars in the sky which form a recognizable pattern is called a constellation. In modern astronomy, a constellation is an internationally recognized region of the celestial sphere around a recognizable pattern of stars. eg: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Orion, Leo, Cassiopeia, etc.
Question 89.
Into how many regions is the celestial sphere divided?
Answer:
The celestial sphere is divided into 88 regions, each named after a constellation.
Question 90.
How do you locate star Sirius starting from Orion constellation?
Answer:
Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky located in the constellation Canis Major. Orion is a prominent winter constellation which includes three bright stars in a row which constitute the belt of the Orion. An imaginary straight line joining these stars and moving from the viewer’s right towards
left will point to Sirius.
Question 91.
Why is it easier to locate the Pole star from England than from Bangalore?
Answer:
The Polaris (Pole star) is a faint star. It is about 13° above the horizon in Bangalore whereas it is about 51° above the horizon in England. This is why it is easier to locate Polaris from England than from Bangalore.
Question 92.
Draw a neat schematic diagram of Orion constellation and mark in it the stars Rigel and Betelgeuse.
Answer:
It is easy to locate star Rigel in the constellation Orion. Rigel is the brightest star of the constellation. Betelgeuse is the second brightest star of the constellation. Further, it is a red star. Therefore, the second brightest star of Orion which is reddish is Betelgeuse.
Question 93.
Name two constellations which can be used to locate Pole star.
Answer:
The two constellations that can be used to locate Pole star are Ursa Major and Cassiopeia.
Question 94.
Name the winter constellation in the morning sky which consists of seven prominent stars.
Answer:
The winter constellation in the morning sky with seven prominent stars is known as Ursa Major. It is also known by other names which include Ursa Major, Big bear and Saptarshi Mandala.
Question 95.
Name the star in the northern direction which is located in the direction of the earth’s axis of rotation. What are the other names by which this star is known?
Answer:
The star in the northern direction which is located in the direction of the earth’s axis is the Pole star. Other names of Pole star are Polaris and North star.
Question 96.
What is zodiacal belt?
Answer:
An imaginary belt in the sky within which we can always find the Sun, the Moon and the principal planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) follow a path from east to west is called zodiacal belt.
Question 97.
What are zodiacal constellations? How many Zodiacal constellations are there? Name them.
Answer:
The constellations in the zodiacal belt are called zodiacal constellations. The sun, the moon and the principal planets always move in the background of certain constellations. These constellations are called zodiacal signs or zodiacal constellations.
Traditionally, only twelve zodiacal constellations are considered. They are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces.
Question 98.
Which is the constellation added to the list of zodiacal constellations?
Answer:
A 13th constellation called Ophiuchus is also considered as a zodiacal constellation. It is also called serpentarius.
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
A constellation that helps to locate North star is
(a) Cassiopeia
(b) Orion
(c) Taurus
(d) Leo
Answer:
(a) Cassiopeia
Question 2.
From among the planets of the solar system, the second biggest planet has
(a) density equal to that of the earth
(b) density equal to that of water
(c) highest density
(d) lowest density
Answer:
(d) lowest density
Question 3.
The planet whose poles face the sun for the longest period than any other planet is
(a) Mars
(b) Uranus
(c) Jupiter
(d) Saturn
Answer:
(b) Uranus
Question 4.
The polar ice caps of planet Mars are made of
(a) solidified water
(b) materials from volcanic eruptions
(c) solidified carbon dioxide
(d) dust particles created by strong winds
Answer:
(c) solidified carbon dioxide
Question 5.
The trapping of heat waves is highest in planet
(a) Mercury
(b) Venus
(c) Earth
(d) Neptune
Answer:
(b) Venus
Question 6.
Light year is a unit of
(a) time
(b) light intensity
(c) length
(d) mass
Answer:
(c) length
Question 7.
How many planets are there in our solar system?
(a) 8
(b) 9
(c) 10
(d) 11
Answer:
(a) 8
Question 8.
Which one of the following is true with regard to comets?
(a) Comets generally have very short period of revolution.
(b) Comets are largely made of iron and nickel
(c) Comets always have a long tail
(d) Comets develop a tail as they approach the sun
Answer:
(d) Comets develop a tail as they approach the sun
Question 9.
The following planets have natural satellites except
(a) Jupiter
(b) Uranus
(c) Venus
(d) Neptune
Answer:
(c) Venus
Question 10.
When object M enters the atmosphere of earth and burns up completely it can be seen as a streak of light. The object M is
(a) a comet
(b) a meteor
(c) an asteroid
(d) a meteorite
Answer:
(b) a meteor
Question 11.
Which one of the following is not a member of the solar system?
(a) Polaris
(b) Pluto
(c) Meteors
(d) Moon
Answer:
(a) Polaris
Question 12.
Which is the smallest of the planets in the solar system?
(a) Venus
(b) Neptune
(c) Earth
(d) Mercury
Answer:
(d) Mercury
Fill In The Blanks
- The planet of the solar system that emits radio signals is Jupiter
- The colour of the planet Mars is red
- The most prominent winter constellation in the evening sky is Orion
- Asteroids are mainly found between the orbits of Mars and, Jupiter
- The layer of the atmosphere of the earth which filters ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun is called stratosphere
- The star Polaris is located in the constellation Ursa Minor
- The brightest star in the night sky is Sirius
- The planet with highest number of known satellites is Jupiter
- The first human being to land on moon is Neil Armstrong
- The model of the solar system proposed by Nicholas Copernicus is Heliocentric model
- is the only known natural satellite of the earth. Moon
- The only planet that rotates from east to west is Venus
Match The Following
| A | B |
| 1. Highly tilted planet | a. Earth |
| 2. A satellite of Jupiter | b. Titan |
| 3. A constellation | c. Halley |
| 4. Third planet from the sun | d. Io |
| e. Uranus | |
| f. Ursa Major | |
| g. Sirius |
Answer:
1 – e, 2 – d, 3 – f, 4 – a.
True or False Statements
State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.
1. Saturn has the highest density. [False]
Corrected statement: Saturn has the lowest density from among the planets.
2. Venus can be seen overhead in the night sky. [False]
Corrected statement: Venus can be seen in the eastern sky before sunrise or in the western sky after sunset.
3. Aries is a zodiacal constellation. [True]
4. Mars contains oxygen in its atmosphere. [False)
Corrected statement: The atmosphere of Mars contains only traces of oxygen.
5. Moon has no atmosphere. [True]
6. Titan is a satellite of Jupiter. [False]
Corrected statement: Titan is a satellite of Saturn.