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Karnataka State Syllabus Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes
KSEEB Class 10 Science Life Processes Intext Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans?
Answer:
In multi-cellular organisms, all the cells, may not be in direct contact with the surrounding environment. Thus simple diffusion will not meet the requirements of all the cells.
Question 2.
What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?
Answer:
Locomotion, Growth, Respiration, Nutrition, Reproduction are few criteria used to decide whether something is alive.
Question 3.
What are outside raw materials used for by an organism?
Answer:
Water, oxygen and carbon are the outside raw materials used for by an organism.
Question 4.
What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?
Answer:
Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation and Excretion are the processes essential for maintaining life.
Question 5.
What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?
Answer:
Autotrophic Nutrition |
Heterotrophic Nutrition |
In autotrophic nutrition, organism synthesises its own food from simple inorganic substances. Ex: Plants Autotrophs form the producer community in an ecosystem. |
In heterotrophic nutrition, organism obtains food from digesting organic compounds. Ex: Man Heterotrophs form the consumer group in an exosystem. |
Question 6.
Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis?
Answer:
Plants use carbon dioxide and water as raw materials during photosynthesis in the presence of light.
- Plants get carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through stomata.
- Water is taken up from the soil by the roots.
- Plants get light from the sun.
Question 7.
What is the role of the acid in our stomach?
Answer:
The hydrochloric acid provides the acidic pH optimal for the action of the enzyme pepsin. HCl also sterilize the food that enters stomach and prevent the entry of harmful microbes into gastrointestinal tract.
Question 8.
What is the function of digestive enzymes?
Answer:
Digestive enzymes break down complex substances in food into simpler ones.
Question 9.
How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?
Answer:
The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi which increase the surface area for absorption. The villi Eire richly supplied with blood vessels that take the absorbed food to each and every cell of the body.
Question 10.
What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?
Answer:
The rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is much faster because the amount of dissolved oxygen is fairly low in water, whereas the breathing rate is less in terrestrial animals as they take in oxygen from the oxygen-rich atmosphere.
Question 11.
What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms?
Answer:
Some animals use oxygen to break-down glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water. Some use other pathways that do not involve oxygen. In all cases, the first step is the break-down of glucose, a six-carbon molecule into a three-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This process takes place in the cytoplasm. Further, the pyruvate may be converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
This process takes .place in yeast during fermentation. Since this process takes place in the absence of air (oxygen), it is called anaerobic respiration. Break down of pyruvate using oxygen takes place in the mitochondria. This process breaks up the three-carbon pyruvate molecule to give three molecules of carbon dioxide. The other product is water. Since the process takes place in the presence of air (oxygen), it is called aerobic respiration. The release of energy in this aerobic process is a lot greater than the anaerobic process.
Question 12.
How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?
Answer:
The respiratory pigment haemoglobin in the red blood cells bind with oxygen from the air in the lungs and carry it to tissues which are deficient in oxygen. Carbondioxide is mostly transported in the dissolved form in our blood: Blood plasma transports carbondioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
Question 13.
How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximise the area for exchange of gases?
Answer:
Within the lungs, the air passage branches into bronchi and bronchioles which finally terminate in balloon-like structures called alveoli. The walls of the alveoli contain a network of blood capillaries. The alveoli increase the surface area for gaseous exchange.
Question 14.
What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these components?
Answer:
The components of the transport system in human beings are Blood, Heart Blood vessels, and Lymph.
a) Blood – Blood is a fluid connective tissue. Blood plasma helps in the transportation of food, carbondioxide, nitrogenous wastes, salts, hormones …. etc. Red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells provides immunity and protect us from infections. Platelets present in the blood minimises the loss of blood during injuries by forming blood clots.
b) Heart – The heart is a muscular organ which pumps the blood. The contraction and relaxation of heart chambers drive the blood to circulate throughout the body.
c) Blood vessels – They form a closed network of tubes to reach all the tissues. Blood flows within these tubular structures.
d) Lymph – Lymph carries digested and absorbed fat from intestine. It also contains specialised cells responsible for the immune responses of the body
Question 15.
Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds?
Answer:
Mammals and birds are warm-blooded animals i.e, they constantly use energy to maintain their body temperature. Hence separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood allows a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body, of these animals.
Question 16.
What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?
Answer:
In highly organised plants xylem and phloem are the components of the transport system.
Question 17.
How are water and minerals transported in plants?
Answer:
Xylem functions as a conducting tissue for water and minerals from foots to the stem and leaves. In xylem tracheids and vessels are interconnected to form a continuous system of water-conducting channels. As various ions front the soil are actively taken up into the root cells, water follows into roots to balance the concentration of these ions between the root and the soil. This increases the pressure inside the xylem resulting in pushing up of water to small heights.
Evaporation of water molecules from the cells of a leaf (Transpiration) creates a suction which pulls water from the xylem cells of root. Thus, in tall plants and trees transpiration help’s in the absorption and upward movement of water and minerals.
Question 18.
How is food transported in plants?
Answer:
Translocation takes place in phloem by¬sieve tubes with the help of companion cells in bi-directional way. Sucrose (food) is moved into phloem tissue by active transport. This increases the osmotic pressure of the tissue causing water in the adjacent xylem move into it. This pressure moves the food in phloem to tissues having less pressure. This allows phloem to supply food according to plant’s needs.
Question 19.
Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons.
Answer:
Kidneys have millions of filtration units called nephrons. A nephron consists of two parts namely renal corpuscle and renal tubule.
Renal corpuscle – It consists of a cup-shaped structure called Bowman’s capsule. The network of capillaries in Bowman’s capsule is called Glomerulus. The blood enters Glomerulus through afferent arteriole and leaves it through the efferent arteriole.
Renal tubule – It consists tubular part of nephrons
- Proximal convoluted tubule.
- Henle’s loop
- Distal convoluted tubule.
The Distal convoluted tubule is connected to a collecting duct.
Functioning of nephron:
Initially when blood enters the glomerulus, both essential and nonessential materials are filtered along with plenty of water under high pressure. As the filtrate flows through renal tubules useful substances like Glucose, water… etc are selectively reabsorbed. The filtrate which remains after reabsorption called urine is collected by collecting duct.
Question 20.
What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?
Answer:
Plants get rid of excess of water by transpiration. Many plant waste products are stored in cellular vacuoles or dead cells. Some waste products are stored as resins and gums. Plants excrete some waste substances into the soil through their roots.
Question 21.
How is the amount of urine produced regulated?
Answer:
The amount of urine produced depends on how much excess water is there in the body and on how much of dissolved waste there is to be excreted. The rate of urine formation is regulated by a hypothalamic hormone – Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
KSEEB Class 10 Life Processes Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers
Question 1.
The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for …………..
(a) nutrition.
(b) respiration
(c) excretion
(d) transportation.
Answer:
(c) excretion
Question 2.
The xylem in plants are responsible for
(a) transport of water
(b) transport of food
(c) transport of amino acids
(d) transport of oxygen.
Answer:
(a) transport of water
Question 3.
The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires
(a) carbon dioxide and water
(b) chlorophyll
(c) sunlight
(d) all of the above.
Answer:
(d) all of the above.
Question 4.
The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in
(a) cytoplasm
(b) mitochondria
(c) chloroplast
(d) nucleus
Answer:
(b) mitochondria
Question 5.
How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?
Answer:
Bile juice from the liver helps in the emulsification of fats, i.e, breaking down of the fats into smaller globules increasing the efficiency of enzyme action. The lipases present in the pancreatic juice break down emulsified fats into fatty acid and Glycerol. Digestion of fats takes place in small intestine.
Question 6.
What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
Answer:
Role of saliva in digestion of food;
- The saliva contains salivary amylase that hydrolyses starch into a disaccharide – maltose.
- Mucus in saliva helps in lubricating and adhering the chewed food particles into bolus.
- Lysozyme present in saliva acts as an antibacterial agent.
Question 7.
What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its byproducts?
Answer:
Chlorophyll pigment, sunlight, carbondioxide, water and appropriate temperature are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition. Its by-products are oxygen and water.
Question 8.
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration.
Answer:
Aerobic Respiration | Anaerobic Respiration |
1. It takes place in the presence of oxygen. | 1. Breakdown of Glucose occurs in the absence of oxygen. |
2. Complete oxidation of Glucose takes | 2. Glucose molecules undergo incomplete oxidation to release very little energy and CO2 and ethyl alcohol or Lactic acid. |
Yeast and bacteria use the anaerobic mode of respiration
Question 9.
How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?
Answer:
The thin wall of alveoli is made up of squamous epithelium, it forms a diffusion boundary. Alveoli are richly supplied with a network of blood vessels to facilitate exchange of gases between blood and air tilled in alveoli.
Question 10.
What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?
Answer:
A healthy individual has 12 – 16 gms of haemoglobin in every 100 ml of blood. If haemoglobin content decreases in blood, its oxygen carrying capacity decreases, and leads to a disease called anaemia.
Question 11.
Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary?
Answer:
In human beings, the blood goes through the heart twice during each cycle. This is known as double circulation. It includes systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation.
a) Systemic Circulation: The circulation of blood between heart and all the body parts comprises this. The oxygenated blood from left ventricle is carried by aorta and distributed to all parts of the body . Veins bring back deoxygenated blood from the body and pours into right auricle.
b) Pulmonary circulation: It is circulation of blood between heart and lungs where deoxygenated blood from right ventricle is pumped to lungs through pulmonary artery. Oxygenated blood from the lungs carried by pulmonary veins flow into left auricle. It is necessary to prevent the mixing up of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Question 12.
What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
Answer:
The difference between the transport of materials in xylem and Phloem are as follows:
Xylem | Phloem |
1. The movement is always unidirectional. i.e., upwards unidirectional. | 1. The direction of movement is bi-directional. of movement is bi – directional. |
2. Xylem conducts water and minerals from roots to the stem and leaves. | 2. Phloem transports food materials from leaves or storage organs to other parts of plants. |
3. Tracheids and vessels are the main water transporting elements. | 3. In phloem, transport of material occurs through sieve tubes with the help of companion cells. |
4. The upward movement of water and dissolved minerals is mainly achieved by transpiration pull. | 4. Active transport is the driving force in the translocation of food. |
Question 13.
Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning.
Answer:
Comparison between Alveoli and Nephrons
Alveoli in the lungs | Nephrons in the kidneys |
1. They are rounded and balloon-like structures. | 1. They are elongated tubular structures with a cup shaped end. |
2. They are the units of lungs. | 2. They are the functional units of kidney. |
3. Here, deoxygenated blood converts into oxygenated blood. | 3. Here blood is purified by filtering out the nitrogenous wastes. |
Match the following:
Question 1.
A | B |
1. Opening and closing of stomata | a) Cow |
2. Shorter small intestine | b) Sporangia |
3. Longer small intestine | c) uilli |
4. Small intestine has numerous finger-like projections | d) Guard cell |
e) Spores | |
f) Fog | |
g) Tiger |
Answer:
1. d) Guard cell
2. g) Tiger
3. a) Cow
4. c) uilli
Multiple choice questions:
Question 1.
Excretory part of Human
a) Heart
b) Kidney
c) Bain
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Kidney
Question 2.
Transport water in plants are responsible for,
a) xylem
b) phloem
c) Trachieds
d) None of these
Answer:
a) xylem
Question 3.
The autotrophic mode of Nutrition required
a) Carbon di-oxide and water
b) Chlorophyll
c) Sunlight
d) All of the above
Answer:
d) All of the above
Question 4.
The parasitic nutrition technique is not found among these organisms
a) Ticks
b) Tape warm
c) Leech
d) ameoba
Answer:
d) ameoba
Question 5.
A person is suffering from a disease that has the symptom of the swollen neck is due to
a) Deficiency of sodium
b) Leus secretion of Insulin
c) Deficiency of Iodine
d) Excess secretion of thyroxine
Answer:
c) Deficiency of Iodine
Question 6.
Which chambers of Human heart contain oxygenated blood
a) Left atrium and left ventile
b) Left atrium and right ventile
c) Right atrium and left ventile
d) Right atrium and right ventile
Answer:
a) Left atrium and left ventile
Question 7.
Which of the following type of medicine is used for treating indigetion
a) Antibiotic
b) An algestic
c) Antacid
d) Antiseptic
Answer:
c) Antacid
Question 8.
The autotrophic mode of Nutrition is requires
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Chlorophyll
c) Sunlight
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above
Question 9.
The break down of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide water and energy taking
a) Cyto plasm
b) Chloroplas
c) Nito chondria
d) Nucleus
Answer:
c) Nito chondria
Question 10.
Oxygen is needed for
a) break of glucose
b) break of glucose to release energy
c) aerobic respiration
d) photosynthesis
Answer:
b) break of glucose to release energy
KSEEB Class 10 Science Life Processes Additional Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Viruses are not placed in any of the kingdoms. Why?
Answer:
Viruses remain inert and do not show any signs of life until they infect a cell. As it is not clear whether they are living organisms or not they are not placed in any of the classification systems.
Question 2.
Are life processes necessary if yes? Why?
Answer:
Life processes are essential to maintain homeostasis so that the organism remains alive
Question 3.
The energy derived from food which is not used immediately is stored in our body in the form of
(a) Glycogen
(b) Starch
(c) Glucose
(d) Cellulose
Answer:
a) Glycogen
Question 4.
Draw a neat labelled diagram of Human digestive system.
Answer:
Question 5.
What is the difference between the small intestine of herbivores and carnivores in terms of length?
Answer:
Herbivores need longer small intestine to allow the cellulose to be digested, whereas meat is easier to digest, hence carnivores have a shorter small intestine.
Question 6.
An example for organisms that break down the food material outside the body and then absorb it is
(a) Mushroom
(b) Leech
(c) Cuscuta
(d) Deer
Answer:
(a) Mushroom
Question 7.
Name the factors which affect photosynthesis.
Answer:
The external factors such as availability of sunlight, temperature, CO, concentration and water the internal factors like number, size, orientation of leaves, amount of chlorophyll,… etc affect the rate of photosynthesis.
Question 8.
What are nutrients?
Answer:
Nutrients are the components of food which provide energy and raw materials required for growth and development of the body and other life processes
Question 9.
Define breathing.
Answer:
The mechanism by which organisms obtain oxygen from the environment and release carbondioxide is called breathing.
Question 10.
Expand ATP.
Answer:
Adenosine triphosphate.
Question 11.
When we breath, why does the air passage not collapse?
Answer:
The air passage is non-collapsible due to presence of cartilaginous C-shaped rings.
Question 12.
The common passage for both food and air is
(a) Nose
(b) Pharynx
(c) oesophagus
(d) Mouth
Answer:
(b) Pharynx
Question 13.
Explain the structure of stomata.
Answer:
Stomata are structures present in the epidermis of leaves. Each stomata is composed of two bean shaped cells known as guard cells which enclose stomatal pore. The inner walls of guard cells are comparatively thicker than the outer walls. The guard cells possess chloroplasts.
Question 14.
Plants release more CO2, during night time than day Why?
Answer:
During the day CO2, generated during respiration is used up for photosynthesis. Hence there is no CO2, release and oxygen release is the major event. At night, when photosynthesis is not ‘ occurring, obviously CO2, is eliminated out during respiration.
Question 15.
Which cells contain the respiratory pigment in man?
Answer:
Red blood corpuscles (Erythrocytes)
Question 16.
Differentiate between arteries and veins.
Answer:
Difference between arteries and veins
Arteries | Veins |
1. They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various organs of the body. | 1. They collect the deoxygenated blood from different organs and bring it back to the heart. |
2. They have thick elastic walls. | 2. Walls are not thick, they are comparatively thin. |
3. Valves are absent. | 3. Valves are present to prevent the back flow of blood. |
Question 17.
Ventricles have thicker muscular walls than the atria do why?
Answer:
The chamber of heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the tissues of body is into various organs of the body, they have thicker muscular walls.
Question 18.
The chamber of heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the tissues of body is
(a) Left atrium
(b) Right atrium
(c) Left ventricle
(d) Right ventricle.
Answer:
(a) Left atrium
Question 19.
What are capillaries?
Answer:
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels having one cell thick walls. Exchange of materials between blood and surrounding cells occur across this thin wall of capillaries.
Question 20.
The urine is formed in
(a) Urinary bladder
(b) Ureter
(c) Urethra
(d) Kidney
Answer:
(d) Kidney
Question 21.
Explain about the mechanism of urination or release of urine outside the body.
Answer:
Urine formed in each kidney enters urinary bladder through ureter. Urine is stored in the urinary bladder until the pressure of the expanded bladder leads to the urge to pass the urine out through the urethra.
Question 22.
Draw a neat labelled figure of Excretory system in human beings?
Answer:
Question 23
Name the factors that control the stomatal opening?
Answer:
Intensity of light, turgidity of the guard cells are the important factors that control the stomatal opening.
Question 24.
Where are kidneys located?
Answer:
Kidneys are located in the abdomen, one on either side of the backbone.
Question 25.
How is blood purified artificially in the Haemodialyser?
Answer:
The patient’s blood is passed through a number of tubes with a semi-permeable lining, suspended in a tank filled with dialysing fluid. This fluid has the same osmotic pressure as blood except it is devoid of nitrogenous wastes. Hence during the blood passage the wastes from the blood diffuse into dialysing fluid. The purified blood is pumped back into the patient.
Question 26.
Function of the following Blood cells
(a) Red blood cells [R.B.C]
(b) White blood cells [W.B.C]
c) Plasma
d) Plasma
Answer:
a) Transport O2, and CO2, through out the body
b) If fight against the diseases provide Immunity
c) To prevent bleeding helps to clotting of blood
d)
- Maintain blood pressure
- Regulates body temperature
Question 27.
Function of the following Enzymes:
1. Salivary amylase
2. Pepsin
3. Rennin
4. Bile salt
5. Trypsin
6. Lipase
7. Intestinal juice
Answer:
- Lit break down food complex to simplex
- Convert protein into polypeptide
- Convert milk into curd
- Break down large globule into smaller globule
- Digest protein
- Break down Emulsifying fat
- Protein into amino acid
Question 28.
What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrical organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration.
Answer:
Aquatic organism obtains its oxygen requirement from the dissolved oxygen in water. It is comparatively less than the amount of oxygen present freely in the atmosphere. Therefore Terrestrial organisms are at advantage as they directly take in oxygen from air that too in large.
Question 29.
How is the amount of urine produced regulated.
Answer:
The amount of urine released is very less in comparison to the amount filtered by the bowman capsule, it is regulated by the amount of water present in the body. If the body has less than the urine produced is less and concentrate if the body has excess of water than the produced is excess frequent and dilute.
Question 30.
Draw a neat labelled diagram of Heart.
Answer: