KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Lithosphere

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Karnataka State Syllabus Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Lithosphere

Class 8 Social Science Lithosphere Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Fill in the blanks :

Questions :
1. The continental crust is also called __________ .
2. Vast basin-shaped volcanic mouth is __________ .
3. The most destructive earthquake waves are __________ .
4. Stalactites and stalagmites are most common in __________ .
5. The Beaches are formed by __________ work.
Answers :
1. SIAL (Silica and Aluminium),
2. Caldera,
3. Surface waves,
4. under ground water,
5. waves

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II. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Mention the three major layers of the interior of the Earth.
Answer :
The three major layers of the interior of the earth is the crust, the mantle, and the core.

Question 2.
Name the types of volcanoes on the basis of the frequency of eruption.
Answer :
On the basis of the frequency of eruption, volcanoes are classified into three types. They are:- Active Volcanoes, Dormant Volcanoes, and Extensive. Volcanoes.

Question 3.
Mention the important earthquake zones of the world.
Answer :
Alluvial fans and Meanders, flood Plains, Natural levees, ox-bow lakes, and deltas.

Question 4.
What is weathering? Name the three main types of weathering.
Answer :
Weathering is the wearing away or breaking down or gradual disintegration of rocks by different agents present in the atmosphere. The three types of weathering are

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  • Mechanical weathering,
  • Chemical weathering
  • Biological weathering

Question 5.
Name the landforms associated with the work of the river.
Answer :
The following are the landforms associated with the work or flow of the river.

  • In the upper course of the river gorge.s, canyons, v-shaped valley, waterfalls are formed.
  • In the middle course of the river Alluvial fans and Meanders are formed.
  • In the lower course which is the last course of the river flood plains, natural levees, ox-bow lakes. Deltas are formed.

II. Match the following :
A – B
1. SIMA – (a) Earthquake
2. Sandstone – (b) Yellow soil
3. Epicenter – (c) Oceanic crust
4. Geyser – (d) Sedimentary rock
5. Loess water – (e) Underground
Answers :
1. c,
2. d,
3. a,
4. e,
5. b

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VI. Define the following :

  1. Aqueous rocks: The sedimentary rocks are called aqueous rocks because they are formed in the water bodies which are deposited in the lakes, sea and oceans beds.
  2. Pacific ring of fire: Coastal margins of the pacific ocean, which are identified as frequent volcanic areas consisting of Philiphines, Japan, USA, Central America, South America etc.
  3. Mechanical weathering: when the rock is broken and disintegrated without any chemical reaction, the process is called physical weathering or mechanical weathering. The agents of mechanical weathering are wind, frost, temperature etc.
  4. Carbonaceous rocks: These are organically formed sedimentary rocks. The accumulation of remains of organisms such as shells of marine organisms remains of plants and animals are converted into limestone, coal, etc. Coal is the form of carbonaceous rocks.
  5. Tsunami: Tsunami large sea waves occasionally experienced along the coasts of Japan and in other regions caused by an underwater earthquake. In the Japanese language ‘Tsunami’ means ‘harbour waves’.
  6. Continental glacier: Continental Glacier is extensive ice sheets found in polar regions e.g. Greenland and Antarctica.
  7. Hot spring: The natural way of coming out of hot water from the underground is called Hot spring. They are also called Thermal spring. They are usually found near the volcanic regions.

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V. Terms to Remember :

  1. NIFE: Nickel and Ferrous are the most important materials of the innermost layer of the earth -core. It is shortly called Nife.
  2. Arenaceous and Argillaceous Rocks: These are the two forms of mechanically formed sedimentary rocks, sandstone is otherwise called Arenaceous rocks, and shale are called Argillaceous rocks.
  3. Mountain Glacier: This glaciers found in the polar regions are called Mountain glaciers.
  4. Aeolian cycle: The work of wind is called the Aeolian cycle.
  5. Beaches: Beaches are the landforms associated with sea waves. We can find beaches along the seashore or coasts, e.g. Mangalore beach. Goa beach etc.
  6. Tectonic forces: The major and minor plates of the earth crust are not stationary.

The plate boundaries are dynamic places and they are the primary location of ‘ earthquake activity. These are called plate tectonics.