KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 23 Earth and Beyond

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Karnataka State Syllabus Class 8 Science Chapter 23 Earth and Beyond

KSEEB Class 8 Science Earth and Beyond Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Four alternatives are given to each of the following incomplete statements/questions. Choose the right answer:

Question 1.
The constellation that helps to locate north star is
(a) Cassiopia
(b) Orion
(c) Taurus
(d) Leo
Answer:
(a) Cassiopia

Question 2.
The second biggest planet of the solar system has
(a) lowest density
(b) density equal to water
(c) highest density
(d) density equal to earth
Answer:
(a) lowest density

Question 3.
The poles of this planet face the sun for longer periods of time than any other planet.
(a) Mars
(b) Uranus
(c) Jupiter
(d) Saturn
Answer:
(a) Mars

Question 4.
Polar ice caps of the planet Mars are due to
(a) solidified water
(b) solidified Carbon dioxide
(c) volcanoes eruption near the poles
(d) cover of dust particles that reflect
Answer:
(b) solidified Carbon dioxide

Question 5.
Heat waves are trapped to a maximum extent in this planet.
(a) Mercury
(b) Venus
(c) Earth
(d) Neptune
Answer:
(b) Venus

II. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

Question 1.
Radio signals are emitted by the planet ………………….
Answer:
Jupiter

Question 2.
The colour of the planet Mars is ………………….
Answer:
reddish

Question 3.
A Winter season constellation is ……………….
Answer:
Orion

Question 4.
Asteroids are mainly found between the orbits of ………………….
Answer:
Mars and Jupiter

Question 5.
Ultraviolet rays from the sun can be filtered by the earth’s atmosphere layer called …………………..
Answer:
Ozone layer present in the upper regions of the stratosphere.

III. Match the following:

Answer:
1. e) Uranus
2. d) IO
3. f) Ursa Major
4. a) Earth

Answer the following:

Question 1.
Which planet is called morning star or evening star?
Answer:
Venus.

Question 2.
Which planet was removed from the list of 9 planets in 2006?
Answer:
Pluto.

Question 3.
Express the following in Km
1) -10 light minutes
2) 10 light days
3) 10 light years
Answer:
1. Light minutes
10 × 60 × 300000 = 180000000 km
= 180 milliom km

2) 10 light days
10 × 24 × 60 × 60300000
= 259300000000 Km
= 259200 million km

3) 10 light years
10 x 365 x 24 x 60 x 60 x 300000
= 94608000000000 km
= 94608000 million Km

4) Name the following:

Question 1.
Most fascinating planet with set of ring system as viewed from telescope.
Answer:
Saturn

Question 2.
Nearest planet to the Earth
Answer:

Question 3.
Nearest planet to the sun
Answer:
Mercury

Question 4.
Biggest planet of the solar system
Answer:
Jupiter

Question 5.
How are satellites different from planets.
Answer:
plants:

• planets are natural celestial objects
• planets revolves around the sun
• Planets are big in size

Satellites:

• Satellites may be a natural or artificial object
• satellites revolve round the planets
• satellites are smaller in size than planets.

Question 6.
Which satellite has active volcanoes?
Answer:
I₀ a satellite of Jupiter has active volcanoes.

Give reasons for the following:

Question 1.
A person in England can recognize the pole star easily than a person in Bengaluru.
Answer:
Pole star appears to be stationary above the Earth’s North pole. Since England lies in the Northern side of Northern hemisphere, a person in England can recognize pole star more easily than a person in Bengaluru.

Question 2.
Mercury is difficult to observe.
Answer:
It is very difficult to observe Mercury because it is very close to the sun, and most the time it is hidden by the glare of the sun. However, it can be seen just before sunrise and just after sunset.

Question 3.
A day on Venus is longer than its year.
Answer:
The period of rotation of Venus is 243 days and the period of revolution is 224 days. Since period of rotation is longer than period of revolution, a day on Venus is longer than its year.

Question 4.
Green house effect is prominent on Venus.
Answer:
Venus is composed mostly of carbon dioxide. There are several layers of clouds, many kilometers thick composed of sulphuric acid. This dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide blocks the long wavelength infrared radiation and heat is trapped inside. Hence the green house effect is prominent on Venus.

V. State true or false :

Question 1.
Saturn has highest density.
Answer:
false

Question 2.
Venus can be seen overhead in the night sky.
Answer:
false

Question 3.
Aries (Mesha) is zodiacal constellation.
Answer:
true

Question 4.
Mars contains oxygen in its atmosphere.
Answer:
true

Question 5.
Moon has no atmosphere.
Answer:
true

Question 6.
Titan is the satellite of Jupiter.
Answer:
false

KSEEB Class 8 Science Earth and Beyond Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Differentiate between geocentric model and Helio centric mode
Answer:
Geocentric model:

• Earth is considered as the centre of universe
• All other celestial objects move around earth
• Scientifically not accepted
• Not possible to explain many events like solar eclipses and variations in the path of planets.

Helio centric model:

• Sun is at the centre of the observable universe
• All other celestial objects including the earth move around the sun.
• Kepler and Galileo provided scientific evidences
• Possible to explain events like solar eclipses.
• This and gravitational laws helped in the better understanding of Helio centric model.

Question 2.
What does the solar system consists of?
Answer:
Solar system comprises of the following

• The Sun which is the centre of the solar system.
• Eight planets ie, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,Uranus and Neptune and dwarf planet – Pluto revolving around the sun.
• The Asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
• Satellites of Planets
• Comets such as Halley
• Artificial satellites and space crafts.

Question 3.
What is meant by a light year?
Answer:
A lignt year is the distance travelled by light in one year, traveling at the speed of 3,00,000 Km/sec through vacuum.

Question 4.
What is meant by period of rotation and period of revolution.
Answer:
Time taken by a planet or a satellite to rotate once around its own axis is called period of rotation.
Time taken by a member of solar system to go around the sun once is called period of revolution.

Question 5.
What factors made us to think about the existence of some form of life on Mars?
Answer:
Some places in Mars have moderate range of temperature. It has oxygen, nitrogen and water. It has frozen carbon dioxide near the poles which look like ice caps. It is the presence of these factors that has made us to think about the existence of some torm of life on Mars.

Question 6.
What are asteroids?
Answer:
Thousands of irregular shaped lumps of rocks that orbit the sun in a path between the orbits of mars and juipterare called asteroids.

Question 7.
Name some of the largest asteroids.
Answer:
The largest asteroids are Ceres, Pallas, Juno and Vesta.

Question 8.
What are Meteoriods?
Answer:
Meteoroids are the chunks of matter which may have originate d from asteroid belt that may enter the earth’s atmosphere and burn up due to heat generated by friction.

Question 9.
What are meteors?
Answer:
The meteoroids which burn up completely are called meteors and also are called as shooting stars or falling stars.

Question 10.
What are meteorites?
Answer:
Bigger meteoroids sometimes survive the journey and hit the Earth’s surface resulting craters and dents.on the earth’s crust. They are called as meteorites.

Question 11.
What is meant by Leonid showers?
Answer:
Some time around the mid November, in the constellation Leo, that is in the North¬East direction of the sky after mid night, many meteors may be observed and this event is called as Leonid showers.

Question 12.
Name the Galilian satellites.
Answer:
l₀, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto are the four satellites around Jupiter identified by Galileo.

Question 13.
What are comets?
Answer:
Comets are considered as the guests of the solar system made up of silicates and frozen gases, and dust which have very long orbital periods and appear rarely.

Question 14.
What are constellations?
Answer:
The region around recognizable pattern of group of stars is called a constellation.

Question 15.
What is meant by zodiac belt?
Answer:
The movement of the sun, the planets and the moon appear to follow a path from east to west. This apparent path is called the zodiac belt.

Question 16.
What are zodiacal constellations?
Answer:
The twelve constellations which are located in the zodiacal belt are called zodiacal constellations.

Question 17.
Name the zodiacal constellations.
Answer:

• Aries (Mesha)
• Taurus (Vrishabha)
• Gemini (Mithuna)
• Cancer (Karka)
• Leo (Simha)
• Virgo (Kanya)
• Libra (Tula)
• Scorpius (Vrischika)
• Sagittarius (Dhanu)
• Capricornus (Makara)
• Aquarius (Kumbha)
• Pisces (Meena)

Question 18.
Name the 13th zodiacal constellation and where is it located?
Answer:
The 13 the zodiacal constellation is Ophiuchus. It is a large constellation located around celestial equator. The other name is Serpentarius (Serpent – bearer)

Give scientific reasons for the following:

Question 1.
Stars appear small even they are very large.
Answer:
Stars appear very small because of their long distance from the earth.

Question 2.
Sunrise and sunset as seen from Venus will be the west and east direction respectively.
Answer:
Venus has a retrograde motion ie, it rotates from East to west but all the other planets move west to east. For those on Venus sunrise and sunset will be from west and east respectively.

Question 3.
Jupiter is bulged at the equator and \ flattened at the poles.
Answer:
Jupiter is bulged at the equator and flattened at poles due to its fast rotation.

Question 4.
Saturn can float on water.
Answer:
The specific gravity of Saturn is (0.13) much less than that of water. Hence it can float on water.

Question 5.
Uranus appears to rotate on a vertical axis.
Answer:
The axis of rotation of Uranus has a tilt of about 82°, therefore it appears to rotate on a vertical axis.

Question 6.
Earlier Pluto was considered as a plant but not now.
Answer:
In 2006 the international Astronomical Union (I A U) adopted a new definition of a planet and according to this Pluto does not qualify as a planet.

Question 7.
Sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Answer:
Sun rises in the east and sets in the west since earth rotates from west to east.

Question 8.
The same hemisphere of moon is visible from earth at all times.
Answer:
The rotation period of the moon is the same as that of revolution. Because of this same side of the moon is visible to the earth.

II. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
All celestial bodies appear to move from ………….. to …………..
Answer:
East to West,

Question 2.
The Indian astronomer …………. based on a suggestion of …………… had proposed a model similar to Helio centric system.
Answer:
Neelakanta, Parameshwara,

Question 3.
The radius of sun is times …………… that of earth.
Answer:
109,

Question 4.
The sun light that we are seeing right now has left the sun about …………….. minutes ago.
Answer:
81/4,

Question 5.
The distance between earth and sun is about ………………. million Km.
Answer:
150 million Km,

Question 6.
Stars …………….. but planets do not.
Answer:
twinkle,

Question 7.
Moon has no …………..
Answer:
atmosphere,

Question 8.
India explored moon by its programme called …………..
Answer:
Chandrayaria 1,

Question 9.
On July 21, 1961 American astronaut ………….. landed on moon.
Answer:
Neil Arnstrong,

Question 10.
Neil Armstrong was followed by …………..
Answer:
Edwin Aldrin,

Question 11.
The natural satellites of Mars are ………….. and …………..
Answer:
Phobos and Delmos,

Question 12.
The orbital period of Jupiter is ………….. years.
Answer:
12 years,

Question 13.
A day on Jupiter is ………….. hrs.
Answer:
10 hrs,

Question 14.
A ring system around Jupiter was discovered by ………….. space craft.
Answer:
Voyager,

Question 15.
The most fascinating planet in the solar system is …………..
Answer:
Saturn,

Question 16.
A ring system abound Uranus was discovered by …………..
Answer:
J.C. Bhattacharya and Kuppuswamy,

Question 17.
The axis of rotation of Uranus has a tilt of about …………..
Answer:
82°,

Question 18.
The planet which can be seen only with the help of a telescope is …………..
Answer:
Neptune,

Question 19.
Pluto is called as ………….. planet.
Answer:
dwarf,

Question 20.
Halley’s comet can be seen only once in ………….. years.
Answer:
76 years,

Question 21.
The brightest star in the night sky is …………..
Answer:
Sirius,

Question 22.
Sirius is ………….. light years away from us.
Answer:
8.7,

Question 23.
Colour of the star represent the of that particular star ……………
Answer:
temperature,

Question 24.
The sky is divided into ………….. constellation regions.
Answer:
88,

Question 25.
Ursa Major with ………….. moves around the pole star.
Answer:
seven stars,

Question 26.
The colour of the star Betelgeuse is …………..
Answer:
red,

Question 27.
The colour of star Rege! is …………..
Answer:
blue,

Question 28.
The name of 13th constellation is …………..
Answer:
Ophiuchus,

Question 29.
The satellite of Jupiter is …………..
Answer:
Titan,

Question 30.
‘The second biggest star in the solar system is …………..
Answer:
Saturn

III. Name the following:

Question:
1. The unit by which stellar distance is measured.
2. The star which appears stationary.
3. The smallest planet.
4. The biggest planet.
5. Nearest star to the earth.
6. The two planets which rotate East to West about their axis.
7. A planet which has no satellite.
8. A planet which can be observed just before sunrise and sunset.
9. A planet known as morning and evening star.
10. Hottest planet in the solar system.
11. The planet known as red planet.
12. A planet which has the maximum number of satellite.
13. The planet which has maximum rotation period.
14. The only satellite which has its own atmosphere
15. The planet with lowest desnity
16. The planet which appears to rotate on its vertical axis
17. The discoverer of Uranus
18. The planet which has maximum tilt
19. The planet which was predicted by mathematical calculations.
20. The planet which is known s dwarf planet
21. Guests of solar system
22. The comet seen once in 76 years
23. Group of seven stars in the North
24. The brightest star
25. The largest asteroid.
Answer:
1. light year or Parsec,
2. polestar,
3. Mercury,
4. Jupiter,
5. Sun,
6. Venus and Uranus,
7. Mercury,
8. Mercury,
9. Venus,
10. Venus,
11. Mars,
12. Jupiter,
13. Mars,
14. Titan,
15. Saturn,
16. Uranus,
17. William Herschel,
18. Uranus,
19. Neptune,
20. Pluto,
21. comets,
22. Halley’s comet,
23. Saptharshi Madala,
24. Sirius,
25. Ceres.

Choose the best option from the following:

Question 1.
The philosophers who believed in geocentric model were
(a) Aristotle and Nicholas
(b) Aristotle and Ptolemy
(c) Ptolemy and Kepler
(d) Copernicus and Kepler
Answer:
(b) Aristotle and Ptolemy

Question 2.
Heliocentric model was proposed by
(a) Kepler
(b) Galileo
(c) Holmy
(d) Copernicus
Answer:
(d) Copernicus

Question 3.
The distance between earth and sun
(a) 1.5 x 10” m
(b) 1.5 x 11¹⁰ m
(c) 15 x 10” m
(d) 1500 million Km
Answer:
(a) 1.5 x 10” m

Question 4.
The planets which can be observed by naked eyes are
(a) Mercury, Venus, Saturn, Neptune
(b) Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, Mercury
(c) Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn
(d) Mars, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Answer:
(c) Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn

Question 5.
Which one of the following is a dwarf planet?
(a) Earth
(b) Mercury
(c) Venus
(d) Pluto
Answer:
(d) Pluto

Question 6.
Which of the following is not a member of the solar system?
(a) Asteroid
(b) Comet
(c) Constellation
(d) Satellite
Answer:
(c) Constellation

Question 7.
The pole star lies in the constellation
(a) Ursa Minor
(b) Ursa Major
(c) Cassiopeia
(d) Orion
Answer:
(c) Cassiopeia

Question 8.
The planet which rotates on its axis from east to west is
(a) Venus
(b) Earth
(c) Jupiter
(d) Neptune
Answer:
(a) Venus

Question 9.
A planet which has a carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere is
(a) Mercury
(b) Venus
(c) Earth
(d) Mars
Answer:
(b) Venus

Question 10.
Venus is bright because
(a) more sun light falls on it
(b) most of the solar radiation are trapped
(c) most of the sun light is reflected
(d) of the green house effect
Answer:
(c) most of the sun light is reflected

Question 11.
The tail of the comet always points
(a) towards the sun
(b) away from the sun
(c) towards the North -east
(d) towards south-east
Answer:
(b) away from the sun

Question 12.
The planet which has no satellite
(a) Mars
(b) Mercury
(c) Jupiter
(d) Neptune
Answer:
(b) Mercury

Question 13.
The most cratered planet is
(a) Earth
(b) Mars
(c) Venus
(d) Mercury
Answer:
(d) Mercury

Question 14.
The biggest satellite in the solar system is
(a) Jupiter
(b) Titan
(c) Ganymede
(d) Moon
Answer:
(c) Ganymede

Question 15.
The biggest asteroid in solar system is
(a) Ceres
(b) Calisto
(c) phobos
(d) IO
Answer:
(a) Ceres

Question 16.
Galilean satellites are the moons of
(a) Saturn
(b) Mars
(c) Jupiter
(d) Neptune
Answer:
(c) Jupiter

Question 17.
The planet, which has the density less than water is
(a) Earth
(b) Saturn
(c) Jupiter
(d) Pluto
Answer:
(b) Saturn

Question 18.
Ozone layer is present in
(a) Stratosphere
(b) troposphere
(c) ionosphere
(d) mesosphere
Answer:
(a) Stratosphere

Question 19.
Apart from earth the planet which exhibit seasons is
(a) Venus
(b) Mars
(c) Uranus
(d) Jupiter
Answer:
(b) Mars

Question 20.
As the comets come closer to the sun they
(a) glow bright
(b) becomes dimmer
(c) no change
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) glow bright

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