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Karnataka State Syllabus Class 9 Maths Chapter 5 Triangles Ex 5.3
Question 1.
∆ABC and ∆DBC are two isosceles triangles on the same base BC and vertices A and D are on the same side of BC. If AD is extended to intersect BC at P, show that
(i) ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD
(ii) ∆ABP ≅ ∆ACP
(iii) AP bisects ∠A as well as ∠D.
(iv) AP is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
Solution:
Data: ∆ABC and ∆DBC are two isosceles triangles on the same base BC and vertices A and D are on the same side of BC. AD is extended to intersect BC at P.
To Prove:
(i) ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD
(ii) ∆ABP ≅ ∆ACP
(iii) AP bisects ∠A as well as ∠D.
(iv) AP is the perpendicular bisector of BC
(v) AD is the angular bisector of ∠A.
Proof:
(i) In ∆ABD and ∆ACD,
AB = AC (data)
BD = DC (data)
AD is common.
S.S.S. Congruence rule.
∴ ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD
(ii) In ∆ABP and ∆ACP,
AB = AC (data)
∠ABP = ∠ACP (Opposite angles)
∠BAP = ∠CAP (∵ ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD proved)
Now ASA postulate.
∆ABP ≅ ∆ACP.
(iii) ∆BAD ≅ ∆CAD proved.
AP bisects ∠A.
In ∆BDP and ∆CDP,
BD = DC (data)
BP = PC (proved)
DP is common.
∴ ∆BDP ≅ ∆CDP (SSS postulate)
∴ ∠BDP = ∠CDP
∴ DP bisects ∠D.
∴ AP bisects ∠D.
(iv) Now, ∠APB + ∠APC = 180° (Linear pair)
∠APB + ∠APB = 180°
2 ∠APB = 180
∴ ∠APB = \(\frac{180}{2}\)
∴∠APB = 90°
∠APB = ∠APC = 90°
BP = PC (proved)
∴ AP is the perpendicular bisector BC.
(v) AP is the angular bisector of ∠A.
Angular bisector of ∠A is aD, because AD, AP are in one line.
Question 2.
AD is an altitude of an isosceles triangle ABC in which AB = AC. Show that A
(i) AD bisects BC
(ii) AD bisects ∠A.
Solution:
Data: AD is an altitude of an isosceles triangle ABC in which AB = AC.
To Prove:
(i) AD bisects BC.
(ii) AD bisects ∠A.
Proof: i) In ∆ABD and ∆ACD,
∠ADB = ∠ADC (∵ AD ⊥ BC)
AB = AC (data)
AD is common.
∴ ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD
∴ BD = DC
∴ AD bisects BC.
(ii) ∠BAD = ∠CAD (∵ ∆ADB ≅ ∆ADC)
∴ AD bisects ∠A.
Question 3.
Two sides AB and BC and median AM of one triangle ABC are respectively equal to sides PQ and QR and median PN of ∆PQR. Show that :
(i) ∆ABM ≅ ∆PQN
(ii) ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR.
Solution:
Data: Two sides AB and BC and median AM of one triangle ABC are respectively equal to sides PQ and QR and median PN of ∆PQR.
To Prove:
(i) ∆ABM ≅ ∆PQN
(ii) ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR.
Proof: (i) In ∆ABC,
AM is the median drawn to BC.
∴ BM = \(\frac{1}{2} \) BC
Similarly, in ∆PQR,
QN = \(\frac{1}{2}\) QR
But, BC = QR
\(\frac{1}{2} \) BC = \(\frac{1}{2}\) QR
∴ BM = QN
In ∆ABM and ∆PQN,
AB = PQ (data)
BM = QN (data)
AM = PN (proved)
∴ ∆ABM ≅ ∆PQN (SSS postulate)
(ii) In ∆ABC and ∆PQR,
AB = PQ (data)
∠ABC = ∠PQR (proved)
BC = QR (data)
∴ ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR (SSS postulate)
Question 4.
BE and CF are two equal altitudes of a triangle ABC. Using the RHS congruence rule, prove that the triangle ABC is isosceles.
Solution:
Data: BE and CF are two equal altitudes of a triangle ABC.
To Prove: ABC is an isosceles triangle.
Proof : BE = CF (data)
In ∆BCF and ∆CBE,
∠BFC = ∠CEB = 90° (data)
BC is a common hypotenuse.
As per Right angle, hypotenuse, side postulate,
∴ ∆BCF ≅ ∆CBE
∴ ∠CBF = ∠BCE
∴ ∠CBA = ∠BCA
∴ AB = AC
∴ ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle.
Question 5.
ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. Draw AP ⊥ BC to show that ∠B = ∠C.
Solution:
Data: ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC.
To Prove : ∠B = ∠C
Construction: Draw AP ⊥ BC.
Proof: In ∆ABC, AP ⊥ BC and AB = BC.
∴ In ∆ABP and ∆ACP
∠APB = ∠APC = 90° ( ∵ AP ⊥ BC)
Hypotenuse AB = Hypotenuse AC
AP is common.
As per RHS Postulate,
∆ABP ≅ ∆ACP
∴ ∠ABP = ∠ACP
∴ ∠ABC = ∠ACB
∴∠B = ∠C.