1st PUC History Question Bank Chapter 8 World Revolutions

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Karnataka 1st PUC History Question Bank Chapter 8 World Revolutions

1st PUC History World Revolutions Text Book Questions and Answers

World Revolutions

I. Answer in one word or one sentence (Each carries 1 Mark).

Question 1.
What Is meant by ‘revolution’?
Answer:
it is a Latin word which means a complete change.

Question 2.
What was the period in which the industrial revolution took place?
Answer:
1750 – 1850.

Question 3.
Mention on which particular field the industrial revolution head its profound effect.
Answer:
It had a profound effect on the social, economic, and cultural conditions of the times.

Question 4.
Where did the industrial revolution begin at first?
Answer:
It began at first in England.

Question 5.
Who invented water frame?
Answer:
Richard Arkwright.

Question 6.
Who invented the Spinning Jenny?
Answer:
James Hargreaves.

Question 7.
Mention the city in which cotton revolution began first.
Answer:
Derby in England.

Question 8.
Which city is called the ‘Power house of the north’?
Answer:
Derby is known as the ‘Power house of the north.

Question 9.
Where was the coal mining started first?
Answer:
South Wales in Britian.

Question 10.
Why is James Watt famous for?
Answer:
Steam Engine.

II. Answer in 2 words or 2 Sentences (each carries 2 marks).

Question 1.
What is meant by revolution?
Answer:
The term revolution derived from Latin word which means a complete changes. It include changes in political, social, economic, technology and others.

Question 2.
Mention the fields in which changes took place during the industrial revolution.
Answer:
Technological development, mining, metallurgy, transport, machines, gas lighting, chemicals, steam power etc. It effect on all branches of humanity and Technology etc.

Question 3.
Mention any two chemicals invented during the industrial revolution.
Answer:
Sulphuric Acid and Solium Carbonate.

Question 4.
Who invented gas lighting on large scale? Which was the city where the gas lighting was introduced first?
Answer:
William invented gas lighting is large scale. Gas lighting was first introduced in London.

III. Answer in 15 – 20 Sentences (Each carries 5 marks).

Question 1.
What were the main effects of the industrial revolution in the fields of Agriculture, Transport, Canals and Roads?
Answer:

Agriculture: The revolution machinery reduced the pressure an Agriculture sector. It freeing up labour from the land to work in the new Industrial mills of the 18th century. It increased food production through cultivating the land on scientific method with new implements.
Transport: The industrial improved transport infrastructure of the countries road network, Railway network, water way network could help the quick movements, the raw material and finished products from place to place. It also allowed new ideas to spread quickly.
Canals: Canals helped the growth of commercial activities. The first successful canal was the bridge water canal in North westengland.
Roads: A number of roads were built by private people and companies who collected tolls from the users. They connected major cities of J England which helped the quick transport of men, material and mails to distant parts of the country.
Railways: Wagon ways were used to move coal from mines. The introduction of railways made it highly successful in the transportation of passengers and freight.

Question 2.
What were the main effects of the industrial revolution in the fields of Socialism, Capitalism, Factories and Urbanization and Child Labour?
Answer:
Industrial revolution effects on common worker. They sorted at common problems of their own. Like working condition, long hours and low pay made many workers disappointed. They come close together and achieve a socialist system, as they thought that socialism proposed that society as a whole should control the means pf production and got common justice.

Capitalism: Industrialization depends largely on capital. Wealth available for investment in order to speed up development and make more wealth. This capital was one of the leading reasons as to why the British industrial economy proposed.
Factories & Urbanistion: Industralization caused urbanization and creation of new factories- A large number of workers migrated to cities in search o-employment
Child Labour: Child labour prevailed in that Age. Lack of skilled and adults,. prefer children in manufacturing industries children were expected to work at less pay.

Question 3.
Explain why the industrial revolution process first began in England.
Answer:
Many factors responsible:

Britain achieved political stability
National Banking System of England made to invest heavy capital – with interest rate.
Availability of natural resources like Coal, Iron, Water.
Availability of cheap labour due to excess population, compel them to work more for less wages.
Technology development made it start large scale production. Eg: Water frame, spinning jenny, steam engine,

Gas lighting, Machines tools good road net work etc. were favourable in England. Hence Industrialization began in England early.

IV. Answer in 30 – 40 Sentences (each carries 10 marks).

Question 1.
Describe the various effects of the industrial revolution.
Answer:
1. Agriculture:
The revolution machinery redwced the pressure an Agriculture sector. It freeing up labour from the land to work in the new Industrial, mills of the 18th century. It increased food production through- cultivating the land on scientific method with new implements.

2. Transport:
The industrial improved transport infrastructure of the countries road network, Railway network, water way network could help the quick movements, the raw material and finished products from place to place. It also allowed new ideas to spread quickly.

3. Canals:
Canals helped the growth of commercial activities. The first successful canal was the bridge water canal in North west england.

4. Roads:
A number of roads were built by private people and companies who collected tolls from the users. They connected major cities of England which helped the quick transport of men, material and mails to distant parts of the country.

5. Railways:
Wagon ways were used to move coal from mines. The introduction of railways made it highly successful in the transportation of passenger and freight.

Industrial revolution effects on common worker. They sorted at common problems of their own. Like working condition, long hours and low pay made many workers disappointed. They come close together and achieve a socialist system, as they thought that socialism proposed that society as a whole should control the means of production and got common justice.

Capitalism: Industrialization depends largely on capital. Wealth available for investment in order to speed up development and make more wealth. This capital was one of the leading reasons as to why the British industrial economy proposed.
Factories & Urbanistion: Industralization caused urbanization and creation of new factories. A large number of workers migrated to cities in search of employment
Child Labour: Child labour prevailed in that Age. Lack of skilled and adults, it prefer children in mannfacturing industries children were expected to work at less pay.

1st PUC History World Revolutions Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in 1 word or 1 sentence (Each carries 1 Mark).

Question 1.
Which engine was the king of the industry.
Answer:
Steam engine was the king of the industry.

Question 2.
What is “Cupolas”?
Answer:
Using coal reverberatory furnaces known as ‘Cupolas’

Question 3.
What are the uses of sodium carbonate ?
Answer:
It used in the manufacture of soap, glass, paper, cloth etc.

Question 4.
What was the use of sulphuric acid is the industrial revolation.
Answer:
It was used in Iron and steel production for piddling (Removing rust) Later used for bleaching the cloth.

Question 5.
Which nation was leader in chemical industry.
Answer:
Germany was a leader of producing chemicals during revolution period.

1st PUC History The American War of Independence: 1776 – 83 Text Book Questions and Answers

The American War of Independence: 1776 – 83

I. Answer in one word or one sentence (Each carries 1 Mark).

Question 1.
In which year did the American war of independence take place?
Answer:
1776.

Question 2.
Who was the commander in chief of the colonial army?
Answer:
George Washington.

Question 3.
Who was the first president of USA?
Answer:
George Washington.

Question 4.
Who was the king of England during the American war of independence?
Answer:
King Charles III.

Question 5.
Who drafted the declaration of American independence?
Answer:
Thomas Jefferson.

Question 6.
In which year was the American constitution adopted?
Answer:
In 1787.

II. Answer in 2 words or 2 Sentences (Each carries 2 marks).

Question 1.
Name any two col onies of America.
Answer:
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New york, Virginaa Etc.

Question 2.
What is ‘Boston Tea Party’?
Answer:
Ship loaded with tea packets arrived at Boston in 1773, the colonists disguised themselves as Red Indians under the leadership of paul Ravre entered the ships and threw the Tea boxes into the ocean-This incident is called ‘Boston Tea Party’.

Question 3.
Mention any two factors of navigation act.
Answer:

The American should use only the British ships for trade to keep away competition of other European nations.
The raw materials produced in America should be exported to England only.

Question 4.
Name any two philosophers who influenced the American war of independence.
Answer:

John Adams
Roger Williams

Question 5.
Who drafted the declaration of American independence? When?
Answer:
Thornes Jefferson July 4,1776.

Question 6.
Name any two taxes imposed by England on the colonies.
Answer:
The sugar and molasses Act which passed in 1764, Levied taxes on sugar and molasses. The stamp Act was passed in 1764, which declared that stamp duties were to be paid on all legal documents.

III. Answer in 15 – 20 Sentences (Each carries 5 marks).

Question 1.
Describe the results of the American war of Independence.
Answer:

Emergence of USA: A new Nations called United States of America was born. America adopted a republican form of Government with a federal structure.
Loss To England: According to Paris treaty Briton suffered heavily in terms of economy and lost 13 resourceful calories.
Triumph of democracy: The victory of Americans strengthened the democratic idealogy and principles all over the world.
A Lesson to England: After loosing 13 colonies in the war, England changed its attitude towards its other colonies.
Inspiration of French revolution: It inspire the French soldiers and caused French revolution in 1789.
End of Monarchy in England: England king Charles HI lost his prestige, power and popularity. He was subjected to come under the rule of the parliament.

IV. Answer in 30 – 40 sentences (Each carries 10 marks).

Question 1.
Explain causes for the American war of independence.
Answer:
1. Commercial policy of England:
British parliament thought that the colonies are for the benefit of the motherland. So, they levied taxes and to ristrict trade of the colonies. This was opposed by the colonies.

2. Seven year wars:
The seven war broke out between French and England. England won the war, and France had to give away Canada to England. The American colonies free from French attack.

3. Intellectual causes:
Many philosophers and writers create awareness among the minds of colonists. They sowed the seeds of liberty of their mind. Liberty of press, compulsory of education, several writers urged Independence. Thomas Jefferson called the “Declaration of Independence in July 4, 1776. This was celebrated Independence Day in the calories.

John Locke had published ‘Two treaties of Government” which is considered as the Bible of American was of independence. The American enlighted class and philosophers laid the strong foundation for the American revolation.

1st PUC History The American War of Independence: 1776 – 83 Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in l word or I sentence. (Each carries 1 Mark).

Question 1.
Why did British parliament framed many acts?
Answer:
Because make their empire very strong in America.

Question 2.
Why did colonist protest the many acts passed by England?
Answer:
The colonists knew that the British needed only profit but not their progress. So, they decided to fight for their rights and freedom.

Question 3.
When did Seven years war broke ont, who were the rivals in it? what was its results?
Answer:
Seven years war broke out from 1756 to 1763. The French and Britishers were the rivers. England won the war. The war ended with the treaty of Paris. According to treaty France had to give away Canada to England.

Question 4.
Which is considered as the Bible of the American war of independence? who wrote it?
Answer:
‘Two Treaties of Government’ Written by John Locke.

Question 5.
Name some important writers who urged for total independence of America?
Answer:
Thomas paine, John Locke, Sydney Harrington, Samuel Adams and Thomas Jeffeson Etc.

Question 6.
Explain Boston Massacre.
Answer:
The British troops occupied Boston in 1768. In a fight between the British and the colonists at Boston, 5 people lost their lives and many were injured. This is called as “Boston Massacre” (1770).

Question 7.
Write note on coercive Act.
Answer:
In 1774 the British prime minister Lord North Broke had introduced 4 coercive acts on the colonists for taking avenge against Boston Tea party commotion. It was known as “Coercive Act”.

Question 8.
When did the first congress of Philadelphia take place?
Answer:
1774.

Question 9.
Write a short note on second congress of Philadelphia.
Answer:
In second congress of Philadelphia in 1775, colonist requested the British crown for a peaceful solution. But George III the British monarch considered colonists as rebels. The delegates appointed George Washington to lead the colonial forces against the British so, the colonists declared their independence from the control of their mother country England on July 4th July 1776.

Question 10.
Name 13 colonies of America.
Answer:
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New york, New Jersey, Mary’ Land, Virginaa, North Carolina, South Carolina, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Georgia were 13 colonies of British in America.

1st PUC History The French Revolution of 1789 Text Book Questions and Answers

The French Revolution of 1789

I. Answer in one word or one sentence (Each carries 1 Mark).

Question 1.
In which year did the French revolution begin?
Answer:
1789.

Question 2.
Name the dynasty that ruled Franee.
Answer:
Bourbon dynasty.

Question 3.
Who was called the ‘ Grand Monarch of Europe ’?
Answer:
Louis XIV.

Question 4.
Who was the king of France at the time of French revolution?
Answer:
Louis XVI.

Question 5.
What was the nickname of Marie Antoinette?
Answer:
Madane Deficit.

Question 6.
Which was the famous book of Montesquieu?
Answer:
The spirit of laws.

Question 7.
Name the book of Voltaire.
Answer:
The letters on English.

Question 8.
Name the French Philosopher who supported the benevolent despotism.
Answer:
Voltair.

Question 9.
Who is known as ‘The Father of French revolution’?
Answer:
Jean Jacques Roussean.

Question 10.
Which book is regarded as the ‘Bible of French revolution’?
Answer:
“Social Contract”.

Question 11.
Who wrote the book called ‘Social Contract’?
Answer:
J.J. Rouseau

Question 12.
In which year did the fall of Bastille take place?
Answer:
14th July 1789.

Question 13.
Who was the head of the ‘Committee of Public Safety’?
Answer:
Robespierre.

II. Answer in 2 words or 2 Sentences (Each carries 2 marks).

Question 1.
Name any two rulers of France on the eve of French revolution.
Answer:
Louis IV, Louis XV, Louis XVI.

Question 2.
Who were the King and Queen of France at the time of French revolution?
Answer:
Louis VI and Marie Antoinete.

Question 3.
Mention any two differences between the privileged and unprivileged groups of French society.
Answer:
Privileged class exempted from all kinds of taxes. Privileged classes monopolized all the highest offices, and government services unprivileged classes paying all types of taxes. Unprivileged classes were not eligible for any higher governmental services.

Question 4.
Name the three classes of French society.
Answer:

I Estate – King, royal family, the clergy.
II Estate – Nobility.
III Estate – Commoners.

Question 5.
Name any two important philosophers of Franee.
Answer:
Montesque, Voltair, Jean Jacques Rouseau,

Question 6.
What were the principles or watch words of the French revolution?
Answer:
Liberty, equality and fatermiy

Question 7.
Name any two books of J.J. Rousseau.
Answer:
‘Social Contract’ Confession and laws.

Question 8.
Name any two taxes paid by the French people.
Answer:

Taille (Property Tax)
Jaffe (Salt Tax)
Tithe (Religious Tax and other cesses to be paid by the French common people.

Question 9.
Name any two finance ministers of France ort the Eve of French revolution.
Answer:
Turgot, Neckar and colonne.

Question 10.
What did the finance ministers of Franee suggest to solve the financial crisis?
Answer:
The finance ministers of France suggested the reduction of unnecessary expenditures and impose some taxes on privileged classes to solve the financial crisis.

Question 11.
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
Answer:
The III Estate, which was in majority came out of the parliament and assembled at Tennis court in 20th June 1789 and took an oath that they should not disperse until a constitution for France was framed this is famous as “The Tennis court oath”.

Question 12.
Name the groups of French revolutionaries?
Answer:

Girondists (Moderates)
Jacobins (Extremists)

Question 13.
What is ‘September Massacre’?
Answer:
Suspected loyalists were massacred is September 1792 by a machine called Guillotine. Thousands of people mascaraed in this month. It is called as September massacre.

III. Answer in 15 – 20 sentences (Each carries 5 marks).

Question 1.
Explain the social and economic causes for the French revolution.
Answer:
1. Social Causes:
Social inequality was one of the main causes for the French revolution. French society consists of HI Estates king, royal family, clergy comes under I Estate. Nobility cames under II state these 2 were privileged classes. They were not paying saxes. They could accumulate enormous wealth and property.

They monopolized the highest position in the army, church, Administration and govt services. Commoner comes under III Estates. It include Peasants, Workers, Teachers, Lawyers, Philosophers etc. These were unprivileged classes they had paid all sorts of tax to the government.

These are not eligible for highest position in army, church and Government. This became disgusted among the people, more are these commoners were majoriy in the society. Nobels fight, clergy pray and the common pay was the popular statment in France, the conditions of the commoners were deplorable. They arged rotant social inequality, inferiority and discrimination in the society.

2. Economic Causes:
The policy of Taxiation in France was defective and unfair. The burden of Tax fell on the commoners, the others were exempted from all taxes. Peasants and workers had pay taxes of their 20% of the earnings. Even during the famines they had to pay taxes and were suffering from untold miseries.

Thousands of people died due to starvation. If 10 people died in France 9 due to the starvation and the tenth one due to indigestion was the condition of france. This made the commoners enraged against the despot.

Question 2.
Give an account of the intellectual causes for the French Revolution.
Answer:
There were many great philosophers during 18th century in France, they criticized the political tyranny, economic exploitation, social inequality in France. Popular among the philosophers Montesquieu, Voltaire, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Diderot.

Montesquieu wrote “The sprit of Law” He supported parliamentary of democracy, He suggest to adopt separation of powers, which control absolute power of rulers liberty of the people must safeguard. Voltaire was a famous Satirist. He wrote letters on the English is which he asked people to apply reason in every field.

He strongly criticized the church, social inequality. He supported benevolent despotism. Jean Jacques Rousseau considered as the father of the French Revolution. He wrote ‘Social Contract’ it has been regarded as the bible of the French revolution. He said “Man is bom free but every where he is bound in chain”.

He proved that the government was the result of social contract between the people and the ruler. It was he, who gave the .3 great principles or watch words liberty, equality, fatemity. These philosophical ideas were the great inspiration for the French revolution.

Question 3.
Write a note on the political and the immediate causes for the French revolution.
Answer:
French rulers belived in divine right theory. Louis XIV the king of France who was called as ‘grand monarch of Europe’ went to the extent of saying “I am the state, I am the government”. He neglected the interest of the people and ruled the country according to his whims and fancies” During his region France fought with many war a but it was defeated.

Besides, it was a great financial burden on French exchequer. He was more addicted to the world pleasures and did not look into the problems of the common people. He often said, “‘After me, the deluge”. Louis XVI he was another inefficient and weak ruler, and bad administrator.

He married Austrian princesses Marie Antoinette. It was opposed by the French people. The king was a puppet of the queen. He interfere the administration caused many hardships to the common people of France, More over she was lavishly spent for her luxurious life. She was nicknamed as “Madame Deficit”.

The France administration was defective, officials were corrupt. The French rulers addicted to women, wine and wealth”. They neglected their responsibility of the state and fare of the people. It create dissatisfaction among the people caused great revolution.

Immediate cause:
Financial bankrapty of France: The rulers spent money lavisly for their luxurions life. Costly wars increased national debt. Unprivileged classes paying all taxes, further imposing tax on them was not possible. A great famine broke out. Millions of people were died due to starvation. The king could not take any measures to control it.

The finance ministers of France Turgot, Neckar and Colonne suggested the reduction of unnecessary expenditure and impose some taxes on the privileged class. But this was opposed by privileged classes, and drive them into out. Louis XVI Summoned the meeting of Estates Genera council (French parliament) to discuss about the financial crises. This meeting was not called since 175 years. This can be another immediate cause for the out break of the French revolution.

Question 4.
Analyze the results of the French revolution.
Answer:
The french revolution results.

It abolish absolute monarchy and ended the political tyranny.
It ended the misrule of French kings.
It gave an opportunity to establishment of republican fc rn of government in trance based an Rousseau montesquiu principles.
It proved that suppressed class can revolt against the oppressive government.
It put end to the special privileges to the clergy and nobility and their properties were confiscated.
This revolution upheld the ideas of Liberty, Fatemity and equality.
The new constitution declared rights of man.
This revolution caused heavy blood shed. King Louis XVI his Queen Marie Antoinette and other were guillot ined.
This gave an opportunity for the rise of Nepolean Bonaparte as the military Dictator of France. He called himself as “The child of Revolution”.

IV. Answer in 30 – 40 Sentences (each carries 10 marks).

Question 1.
Describe the various causes for the outbreak of French revolution of 1789.
Answer:
1. Social Causes:
Social inequality was one of the main causes for the French revolution. French society consists of III Estates king, royal family, clergy comes under I Estate. Nobility carries under II state these 2 were privileged classes. They were not paying saxes. They could accumulate enormous wealth and property.

They monopolized the highest position in the army, church. Administration and govt services. Commoner comes under 111 Estates. It include Peasants, Workers, Teachers, Lawyers, Philosophers etc. These were unprivileged classes they had paid all sorts of tax to the government. These are not eligible for highest position in army, church and Government.

This became disgusted among the people, more are these commoners were majority in the society’. Nobels fight, clergy pray and the common pay was the popular statement in France, die conditions of the commoners were deplorable. They argued rotate social inequality, inferiority and discrimination in the society.

2. Economic Causes:
The policy of Taxation in France was defective and unfair. The burden of Tax fell on the commoners, the others were exempted from all taxes. Peasants and workers had pay taxes of their 20% of the earnings. Even during the famines they had to pay taxes and were suffering from untold miseries.

Thousands of people died due to starvation. If 10 people died in France 9 due to the starvation and the tenth one due to indigestion was the condition of franco. This made the commoners enraged against the despot. There were many great philosophers during 18th century in France, they criticized die political tyranny, economic exploitation, social inequality in France.

Popular among the philosophers Montesquieu. Voltaire, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Diderot. Montesquieu wrote ‘”The sprit of Law” He supported parliamentary of democracy, He suggest to adopt separation of powers, which control absolute power of rulers liberty of the people’ must safeguarded.

Voltaire was a famous Satirist. He wrote letters on the English is which he asked people to apply reason in every field. He strongly criticized the church, social inequality. He supported benevolent despotism. Jean Jacques Rousseau considered as the father of the French Revolution. He wrote ‘Social Contract’ it has been regarded as the bible of the French revolution.

He said “Man is born free but every where he is bound in chain”. He proved that the government was the result of social contract between the people and the ruler. It was he, who gave the 3 great principles or watch words liberty, equality, fraternity. These philosophical ideas were the great inspiration for the French revolution.

French rulers believed in divine right theory. Louis XIV the king of France who was called as ‘grand monarch of Europe’ went to the extent of saying “I am the state, I am the government”. He neglected the interest of the people and ruled the country according to his whims and fancies” During his region France fought with many wars, but it was defeated.

Besides it was a great financial burden on French exchequer. He was more addicted to the world pleasures and did not look into the problems of the common people. He often said, “After me, the deluge”. Louis XVI he was another inefficient and weak ruler, and bad administrator.

He married Austrian princesses Marie Antoinette. It was opposed by the French people. The king was a puppet of the queen. He interfere the administration caused many hardship to the common people of France, More over she was lavishly spent for her luxurions life. She was nicknamed as “Madame Deficit”.

Immediate cause:
Financial bankruptcy of France: The rulers spent money lavishly for their luxurious life. Costly wars increased national debt. Unprivileged classes paying all taxes, further imposing tax on them was not possible. A great famine broke out. Millions of people were died due to starvation. The king could not take any measures to control it.

The finance ministers of France Turgot, Neckar and Colonne suggested the reduction of unnecessary expenditure and impose some taxes on privileged class. But this was opposed by privileged classes, and drive them into out.

Louis XVI Summoned the meeting of Estates General council (French parliament) to discuss about the financial crises. This meeting was not called since 175 years. This can be another immediate cause for the out break of the French revolution.

Question 2.
Briefly write about the causes and results of French Revolution of 1789.
Answer:
1. Social Causes:
Social inequality was one of the main causes for the French revolution. French society consists of III Estates king, royal family, clergy comes under I Estate. Nobility cames under II state these 2 were privileged classes. They were not paying saxes. They could accumulate enormous wealth and property.

These are not eligible for highest position in army, church and Government. This became disgusted among the people, more are these commoners were majority in the society. Nobels fight, clergy pray and the common pay was the popular statement in France, the conditions of the commoners were deplorable. They argued rotate social inequality, inferiority and discrimination in the society.

Thousands of people died due to starvation. If 10 people died in France 9 due to the starvation and the tenth one due to indigestion was the condition of France. This made the commoners enraged against the despot.

He proved that the government was the result of social contract between the people and the ruler. It was he, who gave the 3 great principles or watch words liberty, equality, fatemity. These philosophical ideas were the great inspiration for the French revolution.

Besides it was a great financial burden on French exchequer. He was more addicted to the world pleasures and did not look into the problems of the cotnmon people. He often said, “After me, the deluge”. Louis XVI he was another inefficient and weak ruler, and bad administrator.

He married Austrian princesses Marie Antoinette. It was opposed by the French people. The king was a puppet of the queen He interfere the administration caused many hardship to the common people of France, More over she was lavishly spent for her luxurions life.

She was nicknamed as “Madame Deficit”. The France administration was defective, officials were corrupt. The French rulers addicted to women, wine and wealth”. They neglected their responsibility of the state and fare of the people. It create dissatisfaction among the people caused great.revolution.

Immediate cause: Financial bankrapty of France : The rulers spent money lavisly for their luxurions life. Costly wars increased national debt. Unprivileged classes paying all taxes, further imposing tax on them was not possible. A great famine broke out, Millions of people were died due to starvation. The king could not take any measures to control it.

The finance ministers of France Turgot, Neckar and Colonne suggested the reduction of unnecessary expenduture and impose some taxes on privileged class. But this was opposed by privileged classes, and drive them into out.

Louis XVI Summoned the meeting of Estates General council (French pparliament) to discuss about the financial crises. This meeting was not called since 175 years. This can be another immediate cause for the out break of the French revolution.

The french revolution results:

It abolish absolute monarchy and ended the political tyranny.
It ended the misrule of French kings.
It gave an opportunity to establishment of republican form of government in France based an Rousseau Montesquieu principles.
It proved that suppressed class can revolt against the oppressive government.
It put end to the special privileges to the clergy and nobility and their properties were confiscated.
This revolution upheld the ideas of Liberty, Fatemity and equality.
The new constitution declared rights of man.
This revolution caused heavy blood shed. King Louis XVI his Queen Marie Antoinette and others were guillotined.
This gave an opportunity for the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte as the military Dictator of France. He called himself as “The child of Revolution”.

1st PUC History The French Revolution of 1789 Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer in 1 word or 1 sentence (Each carries 1 Mark).

Question 1.
“The French revolution would not have occurred, if Rousseau was not born”. Who said this? why.
Answer:
Napolean Bonaparte said this because, Rousseau’s writings were influenced the common people and make up their minds about this words of him liberty, equality and faterity” It create revolutionary ideas developed among the French people.

Question 2.
“Man is born free but every where he is bound in chains” who wrote this statement.
Answer:
The French great philosopher JJ.Rousseau wrote this statement.

Question 3.
Who wrote the book ‘‘Encyclopedia’’.
Answer:
The philosopher of France Diderot written this book.

Question 4.
Which was the French Parliament?
Answer:
Estates-General Council was called as French Parliament.

Question 5.
When did France become Republic?
Answer:
22nd September 1792

Question 6.
Who treated king Louis XVI as a Traitor?
Answer:
National convention treated king Louis XVI as a traitor and abolished the monarchy in France.

Question 7.
Who was called as a child of French Revolution?
Answer:
Napoleon Bonaparte.

Question 8.
wrote the H.A.L Fisher statement about french revolution?
Answer:
“If cold attacks France the entire Europe Sneezes”.

Question 9.
Which was source of inspiration to the unification of Germany and Itlay?
Answer:
French revolution was source of inspiration to the unification of Germany and Italy.

1st PUC History The Russian Revolution-1917 Text Book Questions and Answers

The Russian Revolution-1917

I. Answer in one word or one sentence (Each carries 1 Mark).

Question 1.
Which was the principle advocated by the Russian revolution?
Answer:
It aimed at providing peace to the nation, food to angry and land to the tiller.

Question 2.
Who was the Tsar ruling Russia at the time of revolution?
Answer:
Tsar Nicolas II

Question 3.
Which was the dynasty ruling Russia at the time of revolution?
Answer:
The Romanov dynasty.

Question 4.
Name the Queen of Tsar Nicholas-II.
Answer:
Tsarina Alexandra.

Question 5.
Who was the monk who influenced the administration of Tsar Nicholas-II?
Answer:
Rasputin

Question 6.
On what principles were thee Tsars ruling Russia?
Answer:
The principle of Devine origin.

Question 7.
Who introduced the principle of Russification?
Answer:
Tsar Alexander III.

Question 8.
Who wrote the text‘Poor Folk’?
Answer:
Fyodor Dostoyevsky.

Question 9.
Who wrote the book ‘Fathers and sons’?
Answer:
Turgenev.

Question 10.
When did the bloody Sunday take place?
Answer:
On Sunday 22nd January 1905.

Question 11.
Which nation defeated Russia in 1905?
Answer:
Japan.

Question 12.
Who was the leader of Mensheviks?
Answer:
Kerensky.

Question 13.
Name the party that was led by Lenin.
Answer:
Bolshevik Party.

Question 14.
Under which leader the provisional Government was formed in Russia?
Answer:
Kerensky led by Menshevik party

Question 15.
Expand N.E.P.
Answer:
New Economic Policy.

Question 16.
Expand USSR.
Answer:
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic Russia.

II. Answer in 2 words or 2 Sentences (Each carries 2 marks).

Question 1.
Name the two classes of the Russian Society.
Answer:
The Russian society divided into 2 classes.

Privileged
Un Privileged

Question 2.
Which was the slogan of Russification?
Answer:
The slogan was ‘one nation, one language, one church and one Tsar. For Russia. The poles, Finns, jews, Germans etc. in Russian were subjugated to this policy this is called Russification.

Question 3.
Name any two intellectuals who influenced the Russian revolution.
Answer:
Leo. Tolstoy Maxim Garky Tuigenev

Question 4.
Name the two works of Leo Tolstoy.
Answer:
War and Peace. Anna Karenina

Question 5.
Who was Maxim Gorky? Mention his works.
Answer:
A Russian writer and one of intellectual of Russia. Mother Children of the sun.

Question 6.
Name the intellectuals of Russia who were influenced by Karl Mark.
Answer:
Lenin, Kautsky, Trotsky were the Russian intellectuals who influenced by Karl Marx.

Question 7.
Who was Karl Marx? Mention two of his works.
Answer:
He was German philosopher. He was also an economist, Sociologist, Historian, Journalist and revolutionary Socialist. Major work of Karl Marx Communist manifesto (1848) Das Capital (1867).

Question 8.
What was the call given by Karl Mark to the world laborers?
Answer:
He called the workers “Workers of the world unite, you have nothing to lose but your chains of slavery”. It inspired thousands of young men and women.

Question 9.
What is ‘Bloody Sunday’?
Answer:
On Sunday, 22nd January 1905, Father Gapan led a huge rally of workers and wanted to meet the Tsar to express their grievances. Most of them were killed by the army. This is know as Bloody Sunday and caused a great resentment among the Russians about the ruler the Tsar.

Question 10.
Name the two parties during the Russian revolution.
Answer:
A Bolsheviks led by Lenin. A Mensheviks led by Alexander Kerensky.

III. Answer in 15-20 Sentences (Each carries 5 marks).

Question 1.
Explain the social and economic factors for the Russian revolution.
Answer:
Social factors:
The Russin Society was divided into two groups.

Privileged groups
Unprivileged groups

The first group consisting of the Royals, the lords and the capitalists. They were rich and also had a high status in the society, civil, military’ and administrative posts were reserved for these groups. The second groups consisting of the peasants and the workers.

It formed the majority1 population. They were living in poverty. They are exploited by the privileged classes. The economic factor. Before the Revolution, Russain economy was agriculture. The industrial revolution created a large working class. These workers worked for long hours for low wages and they worked in dangerous and unhygenic conditions.

The deaths and accidents were not compensated. As most of the industrialists were land lords, they neglected agriculture and forced agriculture workers to work-their industries. So, naturaly agriculture production reduced it caused the condition of inflation. The people were pushed, to hardships.

Question 2.
Explain the role of intellectuals in the Russian revolution.
Answer:
The role of intellectuals in Russian revolution. The writers and scholars influenced the minds of Russian people tlirough their writings and debate. The famous writers works led a revolutionary ideas among the people. Leo Tolstoy wrote war and peace, Anna Karenina. Fyodor Dostoyevsky wrote poor folk maxim Gorky’s wrote ‘mother’ and children of the sun.

Turgenev wrote fathers and sons etc, generated a new sense of awareness among Russians. It made them reflect over questions of human freedom, fate sufferings and the meaning of life. They began to realize that human beings were not destined to endure the tyranny let loose by a handful of autocrats.

Many intellectuals of Russia contact with Germany and they were drawn towards Marxism profounded by Karl Marx. Lenin, Kautsky and trotsky were influenced by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles writings and thoughts. As these works of the great men upheld the principles of socialism, based on social and Economic equality.

Question 3.
Explain the course of the Russian Revolution.
Answer:
The working classes in Russian were influenced by Maxisrri. They organized workers social Democratic party. The party split into two in 1903 on ideological ground. The Radicals, led by Lenin came to be known as Bolsheviks, while the moderates led by Alexander Kemsky were called as Mensheviks.

After the defeat of Russia in 1915 in the world war I, revolutionaries insisted on overthrowing the Tsarist regime. Rasputin was killed by the end of 1916. demand for constitutional reform. Negligence of administration had adverse effect on food supply. On March 8th 1917 women workers organised a protest at Petrograd demanding food, the very next day a large number of working class joined the protest.

Soldiers were ordered to open fire on these protesters. But they refused to obey the orders and expressed their support to the workers. It was a great set back to Tsar Nicholas II. Finally Tsar had to overthrown on 15th march 1917. After removing the Tsar, a provisional government was established in Russia headed by Alexandar Kerensky.

This is called as the Menshevik Revolution or the March revolution The new government ensured freedom of speech, and association, upheld the freedom of press and religion and encouraged liberal reforms. But the new government headed by Alexandar Keresky was failed to fulfill the aspirations of the people.

Ultimately Bolsheviks Led by Lenin, challenged the Menshevik government and overthrew than from the government on 25th October 1917. It was Known as Bolshevik revolution or October revolution.

Lenin who came to power and fulfilled the aspirations of people by force. He formed USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republic) and became head of the Republic and continued in office till his death in 1924.

Question 4.
Describe the role of Lenin in Russian revolution.
Answer:
He was bom in Simbrisk on 22nd April 1870. His original name was Valdimir Ilich Vlyanov. He was influenced by marxism at an early age and he became a revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 and later exiled to Siberia, where he wrote a book development of capitalism in Russia in 1899.

He planned to launch a news paper called Iskra (Spark), then he become a leader of extremist revolutionary group called the Bolshevik party. He continued his fight against Tsarist regime and supported the revolution of 1905. He over there the Menshevik government headed by Alexandar Kerensky. He promised the people to provide, peace, land and bread.

He formed USSR and introduced New economic policy in 1921. He was successful in his attempt to curb the problems of the people. He solved unemployment food scarcity and improved industries in Russia. Trade and commerce, communication industries and banking were nationalized with the help of Red Army he checked the dangerous. He was passed away at Gorky on 21st January 1924.

IV. Answer in 30 – 40 Sentences (each carries 10 marks).

Question 1.
Explain the causes and Results of Russian Revolution.
Answer:
Social factors:
The Russin Society was divided into two groups.

Privileged groups
Unprivileged groups

The first group consisting of the Royals, the lords and the capitalists. They were rich and also had a high status in the society, civil, military and administrative posts were reserved for these groups. The second groups consisting of the peasants and the workers. It formed the majority population.

They were living in poverty. They are exploited by the privileged classes. The economic factor Before the Revolution, Russain economy was agriculture. The industrial revolution created a large working class. These workers worked for long Hours for low wages and they worked in dangerous and unhygienic conditions.

The role of intellectals in Russian revolution. The writers and scholars influenced the minds of Russian people through their writings and debate. The famous writers works led a revolutionary ideas among the people. Leo Tolstoy wrote war and peace, Anna Karenina.

Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s wrote poor folk maxim Gorky’s wrote ‘mother’ and children of the sun. Turgenev wrote fathers and sons etc, generated a new sense of awareness among Russians. It made them reflect over questions of human freedom, fate sufferings and the meaning of life.

They began to realize that human beings were not destined to endure the tyranny let loose by a handful of autocrats. Many intellectuals of Russia contact with Germany and they were drawn towards Marxism profounded by Karl Marx. Lenin, Kautsky and trotsky were influenced by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles writings and thoughts.

As these works of the great men upheld the principles of socialism, based on social and Economic equality. The working classes in Russian were influeced by Maxism. They organised workers social Democratic party. The party split into two in 1903 on ideological ground. The Radicals, led by Lenin came to be known as Bolsheviks, while the moderates led by Alexander Kemsky were called as mensheviks.

After the defeat of Russia in 1915 in the world war I, revolutionaries insisted on overthrowing the Tsarist regime, Rasputin was killed by the end of 1916. demand for constitutional reform. Negligence of administration had adverse effect on food supply.

On March 8th 1917 women workers organised a protest at Petrograd demanding food, the very next day a large number of working class joined the protest. Soldiers were ordered to open fire on these protesters. But they refused to obey the orders and expressed their support to the workers. It was a great set back to Tsar Nicholas II. Finally Tsar had to overthrown on 15th march 1917.

After removing the Tsar, a provisional government was established in Russia headed by Alexandar Kerensky. This is called as the Menshevik Revolution or the March revolution. The new government ensured freedom of speeh, and association. upheld the freedom of press and religion and encouraged liberal reforms.

But the new government headed by Alexandra Keresky was failed to fulfill the aspirations of the people. Ultimately Bolsheviks Led by Lenin, challenged the Menshevik government and overthrew than from the government on 25th October 1917. It was Known as Bolshevik revolution or October revolution.

The Rule of Tsar came to an end.
Constitutional republic formed based on socialistic ideals was formed in Russia.
The conditions of farmers, workers improved due to implementation of new economic policy.
Russia achieved tremendous progress under new communist government and emerged as a powerful nation in the world.
The USSR formed, which became a counter force to the USA
Rises two power blocks in the world who competition and rivalries gave rise to cold war after the II world war.
Communist principles and ideology began to spread to different parts of the world.

1st PUC History The Russian Revolution-1917 Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the word socialism
Answer:
According to the socialist view individuals do not give or work in solation but line in cooperation with one another. Everything that people produce is in some sense a social product, and everyone who contributes to the production of a good is entitled to share in it. Society is whole therefore, should own or at least control property for the benefit of all its members.

Question 2.
What were the military causes for Russian Revolution?
Answer:
Japan defeated Russia in 1905. Russians defeated in the I world war in 1915. This was happened due to highly disorganisation of military. In spite rich store of arms and ammunition Russians faced serious set back in the warfare. These military weakness of Russia disclosed to the world. The above all reasons led to the Russian revolution.

Question 3.
Write the difference between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks party in Rassion.
Answer:
The Russian social democratic workers party was a marxist political party. It was split into two-party in 1903. The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. Those who were majority Bolsheviks and minority Mensheviks.

Question 4.
Wrote a brief note on Nihilism.
Answer:
It was revolutionary movement of 19th century Russia. Nihilists believed in reason materialism and radical changes. They wanted the bring these changes in society and government through assassination and terrorism.

Question 5.
Who was Rasputin?
Answer:
He was monk. He got bad name due to constant interference in Administration. He was disliked by people. The revolutionaries killed him in 1916.

Question 6.
Write brief note on Tsar Alexander III.
Answer:
He implemented oppressive measures in Administration. Autocratic principles were adopted by him. He strated the Russification policy. It was opposed by Nihilists, and who killed the officers and agents of the Tsar.