2nd PUC Chemistry Question Bank Chapter 15 Polymers

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Karnataka 2nd PUC Chemistry Question Bank Chapter 15 Polymers

Question 1.
What is polymer?
Answer:
Polymer is a large molecule having high molecular mass formed by the combination of small units called monomers. They are also called macro molecules.

Question 2.
What are monomers?
Answer:
The simple molecules that which combine to form polymer are called monomers.

Question 3.
What is polymerisatlon process?
Answer:
The Process of trmation of polymers from the respective monomers is called polymerisation.

Question 4.
How polymer are classified based on source?
Answer:
Based on source polymers are classified into three types:
(a) Natural polymers: Polymers obtained from plants and animals are called natural polymers.
Ex: Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen Protein, etc.
(b) Synthetic polymers: Man-made polymers are called synthetic polymers. Ex: PVC, Polythene, Nylon, etc.
(c) Semisynthetic polymers: Polymers are derived from naturally occuring polymers by chemical modifications. Ex: Cellulose acetate.

Question 5.
How polymers are classified based on structure?
Answer:
Based on structure polymers are classified into three types:
(a) Linear polymers: These polymers consists of long and linear chains. Ex: PVC, Nylon.
(b) Branched chain polymers: These are linear chain polymers having some branches of different lengths. Ex: Glycogen, Amylopectin.
(c) Cross linked polymers: These are polymers in which polymer chains are join together to form a three dimensional network. Ex: Bakelite.

Question 6.
Explain the classification of polymers based on molecular forces.
Answer:
Based on molecular forces polymers are classified into four types:
(a) Elastomers: These are the polymers in which polymer chains are held by weak intermolecular forces. Ex: Natural rubber.

(b) Fibres: These are polymers which have the strong intermolecular forces between the chains. Ex: Nylon, Silk.

(c) Thermoplastic polymers: These are linear chain polymers in which inter molecular forces are intermediate between elastomers and fibres.
These are the polymers softened on heating and harden on cooling.
Ex: Polythene, PVC, Polystyrene.

(d) Thermosetting polymers: These are heavily branched molecules which undergoes extensive cross linking on heating in moulds and again become infusible. Ex: Bakelite.

Question 7.
Name the type of attractive forces present in
1. Elastomers
2. Fibrous polymers.
Answer:
1. Weak van der Wnnls Forces
2. Strong hydrogen building.

Question 8.
What are thermoplastic polymers? Give an example.
Answer:
Based on molecular forces polymers are classified into four types:
(a) Elastomers: These are the polymers in which polymer chains are held by weak intermolecular forces. Ex: Natural rubber.

(b) Fibres: These are polymers which have the strong intermolecular forces between the chains. Ex: Nylon, Silk.

(d) Thermosetting polymers: These are heavily branched molecules which undergoes extensive cross linking on heating in moulds and again become infusible. Ex: Bakelite.

Question 9.
Give an example for thermosetting polymer.
Answer:
Bakelite.

Question 10.
Bakelite is an example for which type of plastic.
Answer:
Thermosetting plastic.

Question 11.
Explain addition polymerisation with an example.
Answer:
It is a type of polymerisation process in which repeated addition of unsaturated monomer molecules gives polymer.

Question 12.
Explain the manufacture of LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene).
Answer:
It is manufactured by heating ethene at 350-370K temperature under 1000- 2000 atmospheric pressure using peroxide as catalyst.

Question 13.
Explain the manufacture of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene).
Answer:
It is prepared by heating ethene in a hydrocarbon solvent at 333 to 343K temperature and 6 -7 atmospheric pressure in presence of Ziegler Nutta Catalyst.

Question 14.
Give self-explanatory equation for preparation of Teflon.
Answer:

Question 15.
Give self-explanatory equation for preparation of Polycrylonitrile (PAN).
Answer:

Question 16.
Name the monomer present in polyvinyl chlorode. Give its partial structure.
Answer:
Monomer – Vinyl chloride

Question 17.
What is condensation polymerisation?
Answer:
It is a type of polymerisation process which involves the repetitive condensation reaction between two bi-functional monomers with the liberation of some simple molecules.

Question 18.
Explain the preparation of Nylon-6,6 with equation.
Answer:
It is obtained by the condensation polymerisation of hexamethylene diamine with adipic acid under high pressure and at high temperature.

Question 19.
What are condensation polymers? Give an example.
Answer:
Polymers formed by the repeated condensation between two different bifunctional monomers with the elimination of simple molecules.

Question 20.
Give monomers used and partial structure of
(a) Nylon – 6,6,
(b) Nylon – 6
(c) Terylene (Dacron)
(d) Novolac
(e) Bakelite
(f) Melamine formaldehyde polymer
Answer:

Question 21.
Give an example for a polyester fibre.
Answer:
Terylene (Dacron).

Question 22.
Name the dicarboxylic acid used as one of the monomer in the manufacture of teylene.
Answer:
Terephthalic acid.

Question 23.
What is co-polymerisation? Give example.
Answer:
It is a type of polymerisation reaction in which more than one type of monomeric species are allowed to polymerise and to form a copolymer. Ex: Buna-N, Bakelite, Buna-S, Nylon-6,6.

Question 24.
What are co-polymers? Give example.
Answer:
Polymers which contains more than one type of monomeric species are called co-polymers. Ex: Buna-N, Buna-S, Bakelite, Nylon-66.

Question 25.
Give the monomer and partial structure of natural rubber.
Answer:

Question 26.
What is vulcanisation of rubber?
Answer:
Vulcanisation is a process of heating rubber with sulphur at a temperature range between 373K and 415K.

Question 27.
Name the element used for vulcanization of natural rubber.
Answer:
Sulphur.

Question 28.
Explain with equation preparation of neoprene.
Answer:
Neoprene is formed by addition of free radical polymerisation of chloroprene.

Question 29.
Write the partial structure of neoprene.
Answer:

Question 30.
Explain the preparation of Buna-N.
Answer:
Buna-N is prepared by co-polymerisation of 1,3-butadiene and acrylonitrile in the presence of peroxide or sodium catalyst.
CN

Question 31.
Explain the preparation of Buna-S. [2MJ
Answer:
Buna-S is obtained by the co-polymerisation of 1,3-butadiene and styrene.

Question 32.
Name the monomers used in the preparation of polythene and natural rubber.
Answer:
Ethene (Ethylene) is the monomer used in polythene. Isoprene is the monomer used in natural rubber.

Question 33.
Name the monomers used for getting the following polymers.
1. PVC
2. Bakelite
3. Polystyrene
Answer:
1. PVC → Vinyl chloride
2. Bakelite → Phenol and formaldehyde
3. Polystyrene → Styrene

Question 34.
What are biodegradable polymers? Give examples.
Answer:
Polymers which are degraded by micro-organism are called biodegradable polymers. Ex: PHBV, Nylon-2-Nylon-6.

Question 35.
Give an example for biodegradable polymer.
Answer:
PHBV or Nylon-2-nylon-6.