2nd PUC Chemistry Question Bank Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life

Students can Download 2nd PUC Chemistry Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, 2nd PUC Chemistry Question Bank with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and to clear all their doubts, score well in final exams.

Karnataka 2nd PUC Chemistry Question Bank Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday life

Question 1.
What is chemotherapy?
Answer:
Use of chemicals for therapetic effect is called chemotherapy.

Question 2.
What are drugs?
Answer:
Drugs are chemicals which interact with macromolecular targets and produce a biological response.

Question 3.
What are medicines?
Answer:
Medicines are therapetic useful chemicals used in diagnosis prevention and treatment of diseases.

Question 4.
What are antacids? Give examples.
Answer:
Over production of acid in the stomach causes irritation and pain. This is called acidity. Antacids are chemicals which neutralises excess acids.
Ex:

• Sodium bicarbonate.
• Mixture of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
• Rantidine (Zantac).
• Cimetidine (Tegamet).

Question 5.
What are antihistamines? Give examples.
Answer:
Antihistamines are drugs which interfere the natural action of histamines for binding sites of receptor, where histamine exerts its effect. Ex: Dimetapp, Seldane.

Question 6.
What are tranquilizers? Give example.
Answer:
Tranqudizers are neurologically active drugs, which are used for the treatment of stress and mental diseases. Ex: Nardil, Equanil, Veronal, Barbituric acid.

Question 7.
What are analgesics? Give example for narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics.
Answer:
Analgesics are chemicals used to reduce body pain without causing impairment of consciousness.
Ex: Non-norcotic analgesic – Aspirin; Norcotic analgesic – Morphine.

Question 8.
What is the therapeutic action of
(a) Paracetamol
(b) Barbituric acid.
Answer:
(a) Analgesic
(b) Tranquilizer.

Question 9.
what are antibiotics? Give an example.
Answer:
Antibiotics are drugs used to treat infections. Salvarasan, Sulphanilamide.

Question 10.
What are broad spectrum antibiotics? Give examples.
Answer:
Antibiotics which kill or inhibit a wide range of gram-positive and gram¬negative bacteria are called broad spectrum antibiotics. Ex: Amphicillian, Chloramphenicol.

Question 11.
What are narrow spectrum antibiotics? Give example.
Answer:
Antibiotics which destroy either gram-positive or gram negative bacteria are called narrow spectrum antibiotics. Ex: Penicillian – G.

Question 12.
What are limited spectrum antibiotics?
Answer:
Antibiotics which destroy only single organism or disease are called limited spectrum antibiotics.

Question 13.
What are antimicrobials? Give an example.
Answer:
Drugs used to cure diseases caused by microbes or micro organisms. Ex: Prontosil.

Question 14.
What are antiseptics? Give examples.
Answer:
Antiseptics are chemical compounds which either kill or prevent the growth of micro organism which is applied to the wounds, cuts and diseased skin surfaces.
Ex:

• Furacine
• Soframicine
• Dettol is a mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol.

Question 15.
What are disinfectants? Give examples.
Answer:
Disinfectants are chemical compounds which either kill or prevent the growth of micro organism when it is applied to inanimate objects such as floor, instruments etc.
Ex:

• 1% phenol solution
• 0.2 to 0.4 ppm aqueous chlorine solution.

Question 16.
What are antifertility drugs? Give examples.
Answer:
Birth control drugs are called antifertility drugs. Ex: Norethindrone, Novestrol.

Question 17.
What are artificial sweeting agents? Give example.
Answer:
Chemical compounds which gives sweet taste without adding calories.
Ex: Aspartame, Saccharin, Sucralose, Alitame.

Question 18.
What are food preservatives? Give an example.
Answer:
Compounds which prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth are called food preservatives. Ex: Table salt, sugar sodium benzoate, vegetable oil.

Question 19.
Mention a drug which can act both as analgesic and antipyretic.
Name an artificial sweeting agent.
Answer:

• Aspirin or Paracetamol
• Aspartame or Saccharin.

Question 20.
What is the role of these.
Answer:

• Sodium benzoate – Food preservative.
• Aspartame – Artificial sweetening agent.

Question 21.
Name the first popular artificial sweetening agent.
Answer:
Saccharin.

Question 22.
Give the use of the following compounds.
1. Norethindrone
2. Ranitidine.
Answer:
1. Antifertility drug
2. Antacid.

Question 23.
What are soaps?
Answer:
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids Ex. Sodium sterate.

Question 24.
Explain saponification of oils/fats with equation.
Answer:
Soap is prepared by heating aqueous solution of potassium or sodium hydroxide with fat or oil. This reaction is called saponification.

Question 25.
Why soaps do not work in hard water?
Answer:
In hard water soaps reacts with calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to form insoluble soap. Hence soaps do not work in hard water.

Question 26.
Wliat are synthetic detergents?
Answer:
Synthetic detergents are cleansing agents, which can be used both in soft and hard water.

Question 27.
What are anionic detergents? Give examples and one use.
Answer:

• Anionic detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons.
• Ex: (i) Sodium lauryl sulphate
  CH₃(CH₂)₁₀CH₂OSO₃Na
  (ii) Sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate
  
• These are used in tooth pastes.

Question 28.
What are cationic detergents? Give example and one use.
Answer:

• Cationic detergents are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides or bromides as anions.
• Ex: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
  
• These are used in hair conditioners.

Question 29.
Why detergents are preferred over soaps?
Answer:
They can be used in hard water as well as in the acidic solutions.