2nd PUC Geography Model Question Paper 3 with Answers

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Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Model Question Paper 3 with Answers

Time : 3 hrs
Max. Marks : 100

Instructions:

• Graph sheets and statistical tables will be supplied on request.
• Scientific calculators may be used.
• All working steps should be clearly Shown.

Section – A

I. Answer the following questions in a sentence each: (1 × 10 = 10)

Question 1.
What is human Geography?
Answer:
The branch of Geography which deals with the study of man and nature relationship is known as ‘Human Geography’.

Question 2.
Which are the three components of population growth?
Answer:
The three components of population growth are: Birth, death and Migration.

Question 3.
What is animal rearing?
Answer:
The domestication of wild animals for a specific purpose is known as animal rearing.

Question 4.
Which is the largest road in the world?
Answer:
The largest road in the world is Pan American highway which connects Alaska – Canada – United states – Mexico.

Question 5.
What is a town?
Answer:
Atown is one in a rural community, having much smaller in size of a population than a city.

Question 6.
What do you mean by fallow land?
Answer:
The land which is not utilise for cultivation for last 3 to 5 years is considered as Mow land.

Question 7.
What is multipurpose river valley project?
Answer:
The project which serves multiple benefit is called multipurpose river valley project.

Question 8.
What is floriculture?
Answer:
Cultivation of different types of flowers for commercial purpose is known as floriculture.

Question 9.
Name the three varieties of cotton.
Answer:

1. Long-staple cotton.
2. Medium staple cotton.
3. Short-staple cotton.

Question 10.
What is manufacturing industries?
Answer:
The process involved in conversion of raw meterials into finished goods is known as manufacturing industries.

Section – B

II. Answer any ten of the following in 2 – 3 sentence each. (2 × 10 = 20)

Question 11.
State the definition of human Geography of Friedrich Ratzal?
Answer:
According to Friedrich Ratzal, “Human Geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth’s suface”.

Question 12.
What are Birth rate and death rate?
Answer:
The birth’s take palce in a particular area per thousand population is called as birth rate and the deaths take place in a particular area per thousands populations is called as death rate.

Question 13.
What is mixed farming?
Answer:
Farming that includes the raising of crops and keeping of lives stock is called mixed farming.

Question 14.
What are Aus, A man and Boro?
Answer:
Aus, Aman and Boro are different types of rice crop.

1. Aus orAutuman rice: Is sown in may-June and harvested in september-October.
2. Aman Or winter rice: Is sown in June-July and harvested in November and December. It is the most important crop grown in India.
3. Boro or summer rice is sown in november December and harvested in March and April.

Question 15.
What is nuclear energy? Name two nuclear plants.
Answer:
The energy generated from the fission of the atomicminerals like uranium thorium and . plutonium is called nuclear energy.

1. The nuclear plant Tarapur in Maharastra
2. Kaiga in Karnataka

Question 16.
Name any four railway zonee and their head quartees.
Answer:

Zone	Head quarters
Central railway	Mumbai
Southern railway	Chennai
Eastern railway	Kolkata
Northern railway	New Delhi

Question 17.
Which is called white coal & why?
Answer:
Electricity generated from the energy of falling water is called hydro electricity. The Hydro Electricity is called “white coal”. The force of falling water drives turbines which is turn drive electricity generation. Hydroelectricity is cheaper than fossil fuels.

It is renewable, keeps the machines clean can be easily transmitted and has higher calorific value. This is very essential for industries on accounts of to it immense use as power so it is called as white coal.

Question 18.
Write a note an demerits of Green revolution.
Answer:
Green revolution has some demerits and negative inpacts they are.

1. Degradation of land due to use of heavy chemical fertilizers.
2. Weeds have increased due to more crop rotation pattern.
3. Loss ofBiodiversity, due to heavy use of pesticides, insecticides and chenical fertilizers.
4. Adding chenicals in ground water will affects on our health.
5. Excess use of fertilizers has made the soil infertile, and may affect human’s health.
6. Regional disparites it means the green Revolution has an impact on some states. But other state are hardly touched.

Question 19.
Name the types of trade and explain?
Answer:
There are two types of trade namely

1. internal trade and
2. International trade.

The trade which is carried on within a nation is called internal trade. It is also known as home trade or domestic trade. International trade is the trade between different nations of the world. It is also known as Foreign trade.

Question 20.
State the of imports of India.
Answer:
The items of India’s inports are:

1. Petroluem crude and products
2. Pearls precious and semi precious stones
3. Capital goods
4. Fertilizers

Question 21.
What is storing data?
Answer:
Geographical, when captured, it needs to transform from analogy into digital format and to be stored in computer for further analysis. Data input is a major bottle neck in application of GIS technology. Data input in GIS involves, encoding both the locational and attribute data.

Question 22.
What are the causes of water pollution. High concentration of suspended particles.
Answer:
Organic and in organic substances sewage disposal, urban run off, Toxic effluents from industries, run off over cultivated lands and nuclear power plants are the causes for water pollution.

Section – C

III. Answer any of the following in 25 – 30 sentence each (5 × 8 = 40)

Question 23.
Explain the conservation and necessity of energy sourcess in India.
Answer:
Every country is essentially needed the energy for it’s over all development. Especially it is essential for the economic develoment of the country and for improving the quality of life of people. To meet the growing needs of the society at a reosonable lost, power development was started in India at the end of 19^th century. There are main sources of energy used in India today.

1. Commercial source of egergy such as coal, petroleum and electricity which accounts for more than 50% of all energy consumption in India.
2. Non-Commercial source of egergy such as firewood vegetable wastes and dried dung of animals. But India is depending on non – renewable egergy source.

The first hydro – electric power plant was installed in India at Darjeeling (West – Bengal) in 1897. However the real break through came with the major hydro electrical power station at Shivanasamadram in 1902, on the river Kaveri. Thereis urgent need to harness solor energy and other alternative energy sources wind, tides, biogas, etc).

The potential for the development of non – conventional energy (renewable) is high in India. Due to rapid growth o population, the gap between demand and supply is increasing. The shortage of energy is adversely affecting economic growth. So to increase the electricity the new projects are to be undertaken. To increase the use of solor energy there are many research institutions which are conducting research.

Question 24.
Discuss the role of media of communication in the development of India.
Answer:
In India communication is playing a vital role:

1. Communication is quite significant in creating awareness among people about the national policy, agriculture, industry and education.
2. It helps to mantain political* economical and cultural unity among the people in spite of great diversities.
3. It helps motivting the people tobe active . partners in nation building endeavours.
4. Communication also helps to maintain contact between rural areas and cities separated by great distances through communication.
5. People acquire information about the daily affairs ofhe world. It hepls the people to learn and adopt new technological innovations in various fields like agriculture, Industries, transport etc.
6. It helps to protect the integrety and stability of the country.
7. It connects leaders of the country to share their message through the media communication.
8. It encourages economic development planning of India. Communication are very useful at the time of emergency.
9. At the same time it is very important in the develpoment of trade and commerce.
10. It has become life time achievement of the modem business.

Question 25.
What are the Geographical conditions necessary for the cultivation of cotton and explain it’s varieties.
Answer:

1. cotton is a tropical and sub – tropical crop it requires a temperature of 21° C – 24° C.
2. It requires moderate rainfall of 50cms to 100cms.
3. Deep Black soil is suitable to cotton crop. Black soil is also known as Block cotton soil. It canretain moisture.
4. It requires manures and fertilizers, corporation helps to maintain fertility of the soil.
5. It requires large number of cheap labour for planting thinning, seeding, picking of cotton and other activities.
6. Frosting, mosit weather and heavy rain M are harmfull to the crop.
7. Cotton plant is susceptible to disease and pests. So it requires insectisides and pestisides.
8. The sunny weather is neccessary at the time ofharvesting the cotton.

On the basis of length of the fiber cotton is classified into 3 varieties:
1. Long staple cotton:
It is the best variety it’s fiber is 3.8cms length. It is used for making fine and super fine quality of cloth because of its length of fiber, fine and shining. Half of the total cotton produced in India belongs to long staple, it is grown in pajab, Haryana, Tamil nadu and Madhya pradesh.

2. Medium staple cotton:
It’s length is 2.5 cms to 3.8 cms it is used for making medium cloth it is growin in Rajastan, Tamil nadu, Uttar pradesh, Madhya pradesh, and kamataka.

3. Short staple cotton:
This is inferior variety of cotton its length islessthan2.5 cms it is used for making inferior quality of cloth, stuffing purpose, blinding with synthetic fiber. This is grown in Uttar pradesh, Andhra pradesh and Rajastan.

Question 26.
What are the factors necessary for the development of Hydro – electricity.
Answer:
The factors necessary for the development of Hydro – electricity are:

1. The regular and uniform supply of water is essentional so, rivers which are used to provide water should be perennial.
2. The water should M from a suffient height It maybe in the form of natural water fells.
3. Dam construction and reservoirs are necessary to storage of water.
4. A readily available market should be there because hydro electricity cannot be stored for a long time.
5. It requires huge capital investment to purchase machines, to construct the dam, transmission lines etc.., So, it is capital.
6. It also requires technological assistance, suitable site and Govt help.

Question 27.
Explain about urbun waste disposal in India?
Answer:
The unwanted discarded materials from houses and commercial industrial and agricultural materials through out urban wide. Urban centres are known for large amount of waste genaration. It is a serious problem in India. In metro politan cities like mumbai, Kolkata, chennai, Bangalore, etc. about 90% of the solid waste is collected and disposed.

The waste may be treated as resource and utilized for generating energy and composed and treated waste ferment relesed toxic bio-gases to the atmosphere including methane, this waste should be treated as resourses and utilized for genarating energy and composed.

Question 28.
Brifly explain the importance of satellite commnication.
Answer:
Satallite communication is important to us in many ways.

1. They provide us with radio and cable television.
2. They allow us to make cellular phone calls from long distances.
3. They provide us with a global positioning system.
4. They circle the earth and relay weather conditions and forecasts.
5. The govemmentuses them to spy on other country’s in order to protect us.
6. They are used for space research which includes solar sutallites which observes the sun and provide us with early warnings of up coming solar flakes! This solar flakes knock’s out various sattallite communication like which allow us to use our credit cards and to use beepers.
7. Satallite monitors crops.

Question 29.
What are the effects of Globaliztion?
Answer:
There are both +ve and -ve effects of globalization
Positive effects:

1. Many foreign industries setup industries in India and this help to provide employment to many people in the country. This helped to reduce the level of unemployment and poverty in the country.
2. The foreign companys are brought in highly advanced technology with them and this help to make the Indian history more advance. It marks the advent of the real Integration of Indian Economy into the global economy.

Negative effects:
It is increased computation in the Indian market between the foreign companies and Domestic companies. This happened mainly in the pharmaceutical, chemical, manufacturing and cement Industries. The Govt of India must try to make such economic policy with regard to Indian Industries globalization that are beneficial and not harmful.

Question 30.
Write about the role of news paper in the development of communication in India.
Answer:
In a country like India, mass communication plays an important role in creating peop le’s awareness about national policies and programmes by providing information and education, besides healthy entertainment.

News paper are a very important means of mass communication in India.They play a significant role in determining various activities of a country. Print media being the cheapest and traditional, reach every part of country.

1. News paper provide detailed informaton about the happening in the country as well as in the world.
2. It plays a vital role in bringing awamess of govt policies and programmes to people and in motivating them to be active partners in the development of the country.
3. The news paper are the most effective media which carries public opinion and demands to the govt.
4. It is helpful unemployed to know the empowerment oppourtunities available.
5. News paper help the business and industry to advertise their products to boots the sale of their products.
6. Newspaper provides sports news, films, games, entertainment for the benifit of the public.
7. News paper also edcuate the people about the various issues of public life.

Question 31.
Describe the occurance, production and distribution of crude oil in India.
Answer:
The term petroleum has been derived from 2 Latin words petra means Rock and oleum means oil. Thus petroleum is obtained from Rocks layer. The sedimentary Rock of the earth. So it is called Rock oil or crude oil. Thetotalproductionofpetroleumin India was 380.9 Lakhs tomes in 2011-12.

India is not a significant producer of petroleum. Now the domestic crude oil production has increased this is due to the efforts made by ONGC and oil india limited. The total crude oil reserves are 759.6 million tonnes. Bombay high and Gujarath stands 1^st.

The other places are Assam, A.P and T.N. Bombay High is the Largest oil producing area it is located on the contentenal shelf of the coast of Maharastra. The oil is taken from the depth of over 1400 mtrs with the help of the plat form ‘ Sagar Samrat ’. Petroleum was 1st discovered in India at makum [Assam] in 1867.

The 1^st oil well was drilled at digboi. The important oil fields of Assam state are digboi, Rudra sagar and Sibhsogur. The oil reserves of Gujrath is located largely in coastal plains Ankaleshwar and cambay are the main oil fields. The deltas of Godarari the krishna and kaveri holds great potential of oil production.

Question 32.
Discuss aboiit the rain water harvesting.
Answer:
The collection of Rain water for the use of human, animal and plant is necessary. It involves collection and storage of rain water at surface or insubsurface before it is lost as surface run-off. This is one of the most effective method of water management and water conservation.
The main aims of rain water harvesting are:

1. It checks the run off water and avoid flooding.
2. It replenishes the ground water table and enables the wells.
3. It helps to overcome the in adequacy of surface water to meet demand of water.
4. If the ground water happens to brackish, it will reduce the salinity.,
5. It also reduces ground water contamination and improve water Quality.
6. It helps to increase agricultural production and improve ecology of an area.

There are 2 methods for rain water harvesting.

1. In-situ method: The method percolating the rain at the point of its fall is called in-situ rain water harvesting. It is done in many ways.
   • Infiltration pits: The rain water is collected and stored in pits and used for irrigation.
   • Contour bunds and trends: It is a simple and cheap method of rain water harvesting.
   • Roof topwater harvesting: The rain water that fells on the roof of the building is collected anil stored in under ground sumps or wells or In drums and used for domestic purposes.
2. Ex-situ method: This method of rain water harvesting involves storing of running water. It is collected in check dams huge percolation tanks. It is an expensive method. Rain water harvesting is mandatory for both urban and Rural area.

Question 33.
Explain the water shed management?
Answer:
The important measures taken up for the management of water shed are as follows:

1. Water harvesting: In order to use water in dry season in low rain fell areas, proper storage of water is done.
2. Afforestation and Agroforestry: They help to prevent soil errosion and retention of moisture.
3. Scientific mining and Quarrying: It minimizes the distritive offers in water shed areas.
4. Mechanical measures: It includes terraacing, bunding, bench terracing, contour cropping, strip cropping. It reduces the soil erosion.
5. Public participation: For the success of water shed management programme, the involvement of local people, farmers and tribals is essential.

Question 34.
Write the major problems of in land water transport in India.
Answer:
In India, In land waterways were the main mode of transport before the development of road ways and railways. India is one among few countries of the world which are having long course of rivers although, there are reasons for the lack of development of inland transport in India are:

1. The shallow sandy mouths of rivers do not allow big ships.
2. Many rivers flow through mountains region and have waterfalls and rapids.
3. Most of the rivers are seasonal, dams have been constructed across the upper valleys hence there is little water in the river.
4. Development of land transport.
5. Inter state river disputes.
6. Siltation and bank erosion.
7. Lack ofhelp in navigation.

Section – D

IV. Answer any one of the following: (10 × 1 = 10)

Question 35.
What are the main causes and effects of pollution of Ganga river.
Answer:
Industrial pollution from towns, Domestic wastes from urban centres, Dumping of carcasses in the river Agricultural run off resulting in high levels of micro pollutants. Domestic and industrial waste are the main causes of pollution of Ganga river.

Question 36.
Exlain pipeline transport with advantage and disadvantage.
Answer:
Pipeline transport is used for transporting materials in liquid form it is most convenient, efficient and cheap mode of transport for transporting products like curde iol, gas, water and milk.
The advantages of pipeline transport are:

1. Pipeline can be laid through difficult terrain and also through water.
2. The initial cost of laying the pipelines is high but the subsequent cost of maintenance and operation is low.
3. Pipelines ensure a steady supply and minimizes trans-shipment losses and delays.
4. Pipeline operation involves verylow consumption of energy and keeps the environment free from pollution.
5. Pipeline regions unites industrial regions.

Disadvantages:

1. The capacity of pipeline cannot be increased once they are laid.
2. The security of pipelines in certain areas and the detection of leakage are difficult.
3. The construction of pipelines are expensive.

Section – E

V. Answer any two of the following (10 × 2 = 20)

Question 37.
Construct a double bar-graph by using the following data.
Karnataka: Literacy rate (in percent- age)-2011

Answer:

Question 38.
(a) Construct a Single bar graph by using the following data.
India: Selected state wise Rice production (in percentage)

States	Production
West Bengal	15.80
Andhra pradesh	12.71
Uttar pradesh	11.91
Panjab	10.86
Orissa	7.31
Tamilnadu	7.08
Karnataka	3.70

(b) Construct a pie – diagram using the following data
India: The % of N.Hin terms of width – 2011

Types	percentages
Single lane	21
Double lane	54
Four/six/ eight	25

Answer:
(a)

(b)

Calculation of Degrees
Single lane = 21 = \(\frac{21}{100} \times 360\) = 75.6
Double lane = 54 = \(\frac{54}{100} \times 360\) = 194.4
Four / six / eight = 25 = \(\frac{25}{100} \times 360\) = 90

Question 39.
Answer any 2 of the following.

1. Explain the functions of GIS.
2. Explain the elements of remote senging.
3. Distinguish between primary and secondary data.

Answer:
1. The functions of GIS are:
(a) Capture Data:
Geographic data can be collected or captured from various sources digital data through satellites.

(b) Storing Data:
Geographical data once captured, it has to be transformed from analogy into digital format and to be stored in computer for further analysis.

(c) Query:
Over line have a functional GIS contain¬ing our Geographic information, we can begin to ask simple Question. Ex: What is the extent of forested area in a place?

(d) Analysis:

• Proximity Analysis
• overlay
• Network analysis

(e) Display:
Network analysis is done maps, diagram, graphs, and tables are to be designed and same has to be displayed over computer monitor.

(f) Out Put:
This is the final stage of GIS function where in the maps, data, tables can be printed to have hard copy as out put. They can also be stored or uploaded in internet so as to access to GIS users over the globe.

2. the elements of remote senging are:
Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with it. In remote sensing the process involves an interaction between incident radiation and the targets of interest. This device can be a camera or a bank of sensors operated from an airplane or a satellite.

Satellite are the main source of data collection for detail study of phenomena related to earth surface. The satellite data is based for mapping, monitoring studying the various phenomena related to earth’s surface, satellite data is better as it gives wide area coverage frequent revisits, high resolution, timely delivery, low labour force and storage in digital format to support GIS technology.

3. Distinguish between primary and secondary data.
The data those have been collected and analysed already by some departments, organizations, Ngo’s are called secondary data. Secondary sources of date is classified into two sources.

• Published Sources
• Unpublished sources

under published sources we have:

(A) International publication:
In this years books, monographs and reports are published by different agencies like WHO, FAO, UNDP and UNESCO.

(B) Government publications:
The important sourceof secondary data are the publications of the Govt, of India, state Govt and district Bulletins. These publications comprise the census of India, weather reports and statistical abstract by corporations, boards, district council and civil departments prepare and maintain the periodical reports.

(C) Private Documents:
The companies, trade unions, different political and non-political organisation and welfare association are having unpublished reports and records.