Students can Download 2nd PUC Geography Model Question Paper 5 with Answers, Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Model Question Paper with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and to clear all their doubts, score well in final exams.
Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Model Question Paper 5 with Answers
Time : 3 hrs
Max. Marks : 100
Instructions:
- Graph sheets and statistical tables will be supplied on request.
- Scientific calculators may be used.
- All working steps should be clearly Shown.
Section – A
I. Answer the following questions in a sentence each: (1 × 10 = 10)
Question 1.
What is population geography?
Answer:
It deals with population with reference to geographical environment. Population growth, density, distribution, composition, and Migration are the important element of population.
Question 2.
What is Tertiary Activities?
Answer:
Tertiary activity is basically the part of the economy that helps both the sectors of primary and secondary.
Question 3.
Which is the longest road in the world?
Answer:
The longest road in the world is pan American high way which convects Alaska – Canada – USA – Mexico.
Question 4.
On what basis urban settlement is classified?
Answer:
Urban settlement is classified on the basis of population size, Occupation structures, functions etc.
Question 5.
Name the four streams of internal Migration.
Answer:
The four streams of internal migration are:
- Rural to Rural
- Rural to Urban
- Urban to Urban
- Urban to Rural
6. Name the important types of land use:
Answer:
The important types of land use are:
- Forest area
- Land available for cultivation
- Cultivable waste land
- Fallow land
- Net area sown
Question 7.
What is Sprinkler Irrigation?
Answer:
The spraying of water to the crops through the pipe with nozzles under great pressure is called, sprinkler Irrigation.
Question 8.
Which is the reservoir created by the dam Narayanapur?
Answer:
The reservoir created by the dam Narayanapur is “Basava sagar”.
Question 9.
Name the important cereals of India.
Answer:
Wheat, Rice, Jowar, Ragi, Manze bajra are the important cereals of India.
Question 10.
What are the uses of Rice?
Answer:
Rice is the staple food of the people of India. It is used as starch, to prepare alcoholic drinks, sweet meat and to feed for domestic animals.
Section – B
II. Answer any ten of the following in 2 – 3 sentence each (2 × 10 = 20)
Question 11.
Write the difference between In-situ method and ex-situ method of rainwater harvesting?
Answer:
In-situ method:
The method percolating the rain at the point of its fell itself is called in – situ rainwater harvesting.
Ex-situ method:
This method of rain water harvesting involves storing of running water, It is collected in check dams, huge per isolation, tanks etc. It is an expensive method.
Question 12.
Name the western coast – ports of India.
Answer:
The western coast – ports of India are Kandla, Mumbai, Navasheva, Marma – Goa, Goa, New Mangalore and Kochi.
Question 13.
Mumbai is called the “Cotton polis of India” why?
Answer:
Maharastra state is the largest producer of cotton tex tiles in the country. Maharastra exels all other states in the develpoment of cotton textile Industry, Mumbai is the leading cotton textile centre of India so it is Known as Manchester of India or Cotton polis of India.
Question 14.
Mention the uses of Coal.
Answer:
Coal is one of the important energy resource of India coal is used in industries as raw material. It is also used in production of thermal power. It is used in railways, production of synthetic rubber, plastic, explosives dyes and insecticide also.
Question 15.
Floriculture plays a significant role in India.How?
Answer:
- It has a capability to elevate the income of the farmers.
- It engages even the women in this farming and eradicates un employment to rural people.
- It support to the export ofthe country.
Question 16.
State the significance Of Air transport in India.
Answer:
Air transport is a recent development it is the transportation of goods and passenger by means of Aeroplanes and Helicoptors it is an efficient means for speedy transport of people, mail, and goods it is the costliest, festest means of to transport, it is also a convenient means of transport accross the water bodies and useful during natural calamities.
Question 17.
Write a note on Tata Iron and steel company (TISCO) Jamshedpur.
Answer:
It was the first largest steel plant of the country. It is located at Jamshedpur of Jharkhand. It was opened in the year 1907. It is the largest industry in the private sector.
Question 18.
What is poverty?
Answer:
An income level below which a human being cannot prvided his basic needs like food, clothing and shelter is called poverty.
Question 19.
Give two examples of educational towns.
Answer:
Some urban centres are well known for education with good institutions such as schools, college and universities. The examples for Educational towns are Aligarh, Mysore, Oxford and Dharwad.
Question 20.
What is composition of population?
Answer:
Population composition is the description of Population defined by characteristics such as age, race sex or marital status. People can be distinguished by their sex, age, occupation,education, life expectancy where they are residing And also based on many other factors.
Question 21.
What is Green Revolution?
Answer:
Increase in food production through the introduction of high yield crop varieties and application of agricultural techniques is called Green revolution it involves high yielding varieties of seeds, chemial, fertilizer, irrigation etc.
Question 22.
What are the causes of noise Pollution?
Answer:
The causes of noise pollution are:
- It is caused by noise from various factories, mechanised construction, and demolition works, automobiles and air crafts.
- Noise from Sirens, loud speakers, used t in various festivals, programmes associated with community activities.
- The biggest noise pollution is produced by traffic.
- In sea traffic the noise pollution is confined to the harbour due to loading and unloading activities.
Section – C
III. Answer any 8 of the following in 25 – 30 sentence each (5 × 8=40)
Question 23.
Discuss the significance and distribution of software industry in India.
Answer:
Software industry is one of the knowledge based industry. The Indian software industry has emerged as one of he fastest growing sector of the Indian economy in recent years. It has great impact on the country’s economy. The software Industry has profound influenes on the people’s life styles.
The softwares are used in television, Telecom, military, railway, weather instruments and computers. The software industry has surpassed the electric hardware production. The software industry has provided employment, lakhs of software engineers have created their brand image in the global market.
Software industries have also influenced on the development of industries, trade and commerence. So the computers are one of the basic materials of the human beings. It is called as ‘computer Age. ’A large number of Indian software compaines have acquired international quality certification software industries are widely distributed in the country. Karnataka is the pioneer of software industry.
Question 24.
Write about the trans – siberan and trans – Canadian railways.
Answer:
The trans Siberian railway system lies in russia. It is the longest in the world. It connects Asia and Europe continents and Moscow with Vladivostok. It provides transport facilities from Moscow to the Atlantic coast. The total length of this railway is 9,289 kms.
Trans Canadian railway runs from Halifax in the east to vancover on the pacific coast passing through montreal, Ottawa, Winnipeg and calgary. This Railway length is 22,500 kms. This Railway was constructed in 1886. This Railway line is the economic artery of Canada through which wheat and meat are exported.
Question 25.
Write an account of wind energy.
Answer:
The non – conventional energy sources are solar energy, wind, waves, biomass, biogas, tides, geo – thermal, small hydropower, solar photo voctanicpower and recovery of energy from cerban, municipal and industrial waste. The wind has energy. The power obtained from the wind is because of its high speed.
Since ancient times wind energy has been used for sailing boats, grinding com and pumping water. Now it’ is one of the important source of non – conventional energies. Wind energy generation completed in 2 decades in India. India now occupies the 5th palce amang the major producers in the world. India has sufficient technical experience to make further process. India is a high wind Zone.
Wind energy potential estimated at around 45000 MW. Sites with high wind energy potential have been identifield in the states of A.P, T.N, Gujurath, Maharastra, M.P, Kerala, Karnataka and Orissa. The lagest wind farm in Asia is located at Muppandal in T.N (150MW). Gujarath has a large potential for wind energy.
Question 26.
Explain the distribution of wells and tubewells irrigation in India.
Answer:
Artificial method of supplying water to the Agricultural field is called Irrigation Since immemorial time wells have been used in India wells are cheap, dependable and popular source of Irrigation well irrigation is practised in areas where plently of ground water is available. The largest concentration of wells is found in the Gangetic plain wells are also found in Rajastan, Madhyapradesh, Andra Pradesh, Karnataka andTamilnadu.
The states of Rajastan, Uttar pradesh, punjab and madhya pradesh have more than 50% of the Irrigated area under well Irrigation. At present well and Tube wells are most popular source of Irrigation in India. Digging tube wells started in 1930 in the Ganga plains. Today there are more than 45 lakhs tube wells under Governments and private ownership.
For individual farmers pumpset are useful Uttar pradesh has the largest number of tube wells in the country. The area under tube well irrigation is highest in Uttar pradesh. Madhy pradesh has the least under well Irrigation. Tube well Irrigation has become popular for providing facility of electricity in rural areas well Irrigation has greatly contributed for Green revolution in North western India. Tube well Irrigation is hampered by shortage of power and hike in prices of Diesel.
Question 27.
Discuss the Geographical conditions required for sugarcane cultivation.
Answer:
Sugarcane is a tropical and sub – tropicol crop. It is a perennial crop and takes 9-15 months to mature. So sugar cane requires following conditions. It requires 21°C – 27°C temperature is suitable but above 40°C and below 15°C is harm fill to crop. It needs 75cm to 150 cm rainful but it should be well distributed through out the growing period other wise irrigation is necessary.
It requires Alluvial and loamy soils are best suited. These soils contain salt and which is suitable for this crop. In India sugar carie grows in black, reddish loamy and laterite solis. Supply ofLabour is required for preparing the fields, planting cane stems weeding and harvestingof the crop. It must transport to the factory immediately quick means of transportation facility is necessary.
Sea coast are very suitable for sugar cultivation because sea breezes help to inrease the suerosfc contents and give best results. Control of pests and deseased, capital and favourable govt policy for fixing reasonable price for the sugarcane are the other essential requirements.
Question 28.
What are the effects of globalzatoin.
Answer:
There are both +ve and -ve effects of globalization.
Positive effects:
- Many foriegn industries setup industries in India and this help to provide employment to many people in the country. This helped to reduce the level of unemployment and poverty in the country.
- The foreign companys are brought in highly advanced technology with them and this help to make the Indian history more advance. It marks the advent of the real Integration of Indian Economy into the global economy.
Negative effects:
It is increased computation in the Indian market between the foreign companies and Domestic companies. This happened mainly in the pharmaceutical, chemical, manufacturing and cement Industries. The Govt of lndia must try to make such economic policy with regard to Indian Industries globalization that are benefical and not harmful.
Question 29.
Which are the important nuclear power station of lndia? Explain any 4.
Answer:
The imporant nuclear power station of India are:
- Tarapur Nuclear plant – Maharastra.
- Ranaprathap sagar plant – Rajasthan.
- Kalpakkam in Tamil nadu
- Narora nuclear plant – Uttar Pradesh
- Kakrapara Atomic power plant – Gujarath
- KAiga Nuclear plant-Karnataka
- Kundankulum-Tamil Nadu
Tarapur:
It is the 1 st Indian nuclear plant established at Tarapur near Mumbai with American assistance in 1969 – 70. It’s capacity is 1400 MW. It has 4 units.
Kalpakkam nuclear plant:
It is built at Kalpakkam near Chennai city. Its capacity is 440 MW. It is esteblished ini 984 with 2 units.
Ranapratap sagar plant:
It is construcred at Ranapratap sagar near Kota in Rajasthan in 1971. It’s capasity is 1972 MW with 7 units.
Kaiga Nuclear plant:
It is constructed at Kaiga ip north canara of Karnataka in the year 2000 with 7 units and its capacity is 1350 MW.
Kundam kulam Nuclear plant:
It is established in 2008 at Kundam kulam in T.N. It has capacity of 2000 MW with 2 units.
Question 30.
Explain the scope and importance of human Geography.
Answer:
Human Geography covers a very wide scope or field. It is concerned with the study of human societies in their relation to the environment. It includes the study of population economic activities, human settlement, human culture, political aspects and human role in the modification of the natural environment. Human Geography involves the sutdy of all kinds of human life and activities in relation to environment.
In early human societies, nomadic population existed through hunting, fishing and gathering tools and dwellings were made of wood, stone, animal skin and bone. All these developments brought about greater changes to the natural environment , early societies were able to develop their economic, social and political systems. Transportation and trade network were established.
The internal combustion engine, automobile and extraction of fossil fuels resulted in a drastic change, all these had an impact on the natural environment. Human Geography helps us to understand the world where we live and the circumstance affecting people and nation. It tells about the different culture in different societies in different regions of the earth.
There is a wide variation and diversities in the natural environment. The variation is in human life, culture language, religion, settlement, occupation, dress, diet etc. Human Geography gives explanation for these variations in relation to natural environment.
Question 31.
Write the major problems of in land water transport in India.
Answer:
In India, in land waterways were the main mode of transport before the development of road ways and railways India is one among few countries of the world. Although there are reasons for the lack of developments of in land transport in India.
The problems are:
- The shallow sandy mouths of river donot allow big ships.
- Many river flow through mountains regions and have waterfalls and rapids.
- Most of the river are seasonal, dams have been constructructed across the upper valley hence there is little water in the river.
- Development of land transport.
- Inter- state river disputes.
- Siltation and bank erosion
- Lack of help in navigation.
Question 32.
Discuss features of Damodar valley Project.
Answer:
The Domodar valley corporation [DVC] was started in 1948 it is based on the pattern of Tennesse valley Authority [TVA] in U.S.A River Damodar rises in Chotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand. It is a tributary of Hoogliriver it is known as sarrow of Bengal as it causes floods in Bengal. Damodar river valley project is a joint venture of 2 states Bihar and West Bengal.
It is the 1st multi purpose project of India. It is planned on the pattern of tennesse valley Aurthority of USA. The Damodar valley corporation was establised on 18 Febrauary 1948. The main aim of this project is to control floods, for irrigation, generating Hydro – Electricity, fishing, navigation, afforestotion, Recreation facilites. This project has 4 dams, three hydal power station, one Barrage, three thermal power stations.
1. Tilaiya Dam:
This Dam is constructed across the river Barakar it is the tributary ofDamodar. Its length is 366 mtr and height is 30 mtrs and it’s capacity is 395 million c.mtrs. It is the only concrete Dam. 2 Power stations have been setup here.
2. Konar Dam:
It is contracted on river Konar. It’s length is 3549 mtrs and it’s height is 49 mtrs. It is an earthen Dam. It’s storage capacity is 337 millian c.mtrs. It provides Irrigation facilities.
3. Maithon Dam:
It is constructed on Barakar river it’s length is 144 mtrs height is 94 mtrs. Storage capacity is 1,357 million c.mtrs. There are three Hydro electric power stations here.
4. Panchet hill Dam:
It is also an earthen dam It is constructed on river Damodar. It’s length is 2,545 mts. and height is 45 mtrs. It’s storage capacity is 1,497 million c.mtrs.
5. Durgapur Barrage:
It is created on river Damodar. for the storage oflrrigation water. It is 692 mtrs. long and 12 mtrs heigh. It stores the water released from konar, Tilaiya, maithon and pancheth hill Dams.
Question 33.
What are the advantages and dis – advantages of Television.
Answer:
Advantages:
- It is the most effective medium to deliver information to large number of people very quickly.
- News in different part of the world can be seen with in minute even seconds.
- Television educoates millions of people through advertisement.
- It is a source of entertaiment.
- It makes a personal appeal and transmit the message directly into the home.
- It exhibits the persons giving the message.
Disadvantage:
- It is a sort of time – consuming, people waste time in watching, which distract them from their work, study, relationship and so on.
- Television is a health hazard to people, especially to children.
- Television also brood costa some inappropriate programmes.
- It is very costly, so, it can be used only to a limited extent.
- People get’s board of repeated messages.
- It requires lot of concentration, attention of the people.
- When it is under the control of the Govt, messages will be scrutinized and censored and hence there is no freedom for the message.
Question 34.
Explain the conservation and management of mineral and power reasourece.
Answer:
Conservation refers to the protection and preservation of Natural resources and the natural environment for the future. It also includes careful management of natural resources. Minerals are exhaustible resources they cannot be replaced.
It is to be noted that the rate of formation is longer than the rate at which the human being consume the minerals the reason for this is the rapid Industrilation the mineral resources are getting depleted some have become useless. The present day energy . which runs our industries come from minerals so we have to conserve and manage our minerals and power resources.
Rational use of mineral resources involves:
- Controlling their regular exploitation.
- Use minerals carefully.
- Using cheap substitute of minerals.
The following measures to be adopted to conserve mineral and power resources:
- Exploitation of new minerals
- Conservation of minerals during mining.
- Maximum extraction of mined minerals.
- Multi purpose use of minerals.
- Safe Godwans.
- Exploration of altermatiees for minerals.
- Re-use of minerals.
- Use of power reasources as raw materials.
- Prohibition of’Pollution.
- Developing alternative fuel sources of energy.
Section – D
IV. Answer any one of the following each (10 × 1 = 10)
Question 35.
How the problem of Land Degradation can be tackled.
Answer:
The land serves as storage of water and material for plants and other living micro and maicro organism, pressure on agriculture land increases not only due to the limited availability but also by deterioration of Quality of agricuttral land due to soil erosion, water logging, salinization and alkalisation which is called degradation.
The degradation ultimately affect on agricultural productivity in addition to degradation by natural process such as gullied, deserved barren rocky areas land degradation L caused by man. This have caused water logged and marshy areas. Land affected by salinity and alkalinity degraded shift cultivation area and under plantation crop degraded forests, degraded pasture and mining and industrial waste land.
Question 36.
Describe the factors responsible for rapid growth of population in India.
Answer:
The factors responsible for the rapid growth of population in India are High Birth rate and low Death rate. High Birth rate is the dominate factors in rapid growth of population the causes for High Birth rate are- early marriage, universal marriage, religion and social superstition, joint family system, illiteracy, polygamy, predominance of agriculture, poverty, slow urbanization process, Tropical climate.
All these factors have been caused directly or indirectly for high birth rate. Low death rate resulted to the population explosion in the country. The factors leading to low death rate are: control of epedemics, decline in the incidence of malaria and tuberculosis, expansion of medical facilities control of infont mortality, spread of education improvement in the nutrition level due to these death rate has been declining from one decade to another.
Section – E
V. Answer any one of the following each (10 × 2 = 20)
Question 37.
Represent the following data with pie diagrame. Electricity Generated by different sources (in %)
| Sourus | In % |
| Thermal electricity | 83.63 |
| Hydro electricity | 13.23 |
| Atomic and others | 3.14 |
Answer:
Calculation of degrees
Thermal electricity = 83.63 = 86.63 × 360
100 = 301.07°
Hydero electricity = 13.32 = 13.32 × 360
100 = 47.62°
Atomic and other = 3.14 = 3.14 × 360
100 = 11.3°
Total = 100 = 360°
Question 38.
(a) Constructed a line Graph to represents the data given in the table. India growth of population 1951 – 2011.
| year | population in Million |
| 1951 | 361 |
| 1961 | 439 |
| 1971 | 548 |
| 1981 | 683 |
| 1991 | 843 |
| 2001 | 1026 |
| 2011 | 1210 |
(b) b.Construct bar graph by using the following data.
Karnataka : Decade wise sex retio (per 1000 male)
| Year | Female |
| 1951 | 966 |
| 1961 | 959 |
| 1971 | 957 |
| 1981 | 963 |
| 1991 | 966 |
| 2001 | 965 |
| 2011 | 968 |
Answer:
(b)
Question 39.
Answer any 2 Questions of the following.
- Explain the controlling measures of migration.
- Give an account of automobile industry in India:
- Discuss the factors which influcence on the location of the industries.
Answer:
1. the controlling measures of migration:
The following are the measures taken to control migration.
- Rural to urban migration can be controlled by expanding civic amenities to villages as well as cities.
- Developing transport facilities between the city and surrounding rural areas.
- Create more employment opportunities in the surrounding rural areas of the city.
- Devetoping satellite tower around big cities with all basic amenities.
- Encouraging the labourers live in the satellite towns rather than in the big cities.
- Develop Industrial areas outside the cities.
2. Automobile industry in India:
Automobile Industry is a heavy industry it includes motor cycles, motor cars, Buses, Trucks, and tractors assembly of number of individual part is the charateristics feature of this Industry. The real development of the industry began with the establishment of the automobiles at kurla [Mumbai] in 1947 and Hindustan motors at uttarpada [Kolkatta] in 1948.
Auto mobile industry has made progress in India and it is one of the librent sectors of economy. It has one of the largest market in the world. India’s passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the 6th largest Industry in the world. In Asia India ranks 3rd exportor of passenger cars. India has become the 2nd fastest growing automobile market in world after china.
3. The factors influencing the Location of industries are:
(A) Raw material:
Raw materials are very Important in the location of Industries. Some of the Industries are located very near to the abundamt availability of raw materials Ex: Jute Industry and sugar industry. The cost of raw materials determines, The cost of production.
(B) Power resources:
Power is essential to run the machines of industries and it influences much on the industrial location. The sources of power are coal, petroleum, Natural gas and Hydro electricity.
(C) Water supply:
Some Industries like Iron and Steel, Alluminum smelting, pulping of timber and chemicals need large Quantities of water so such industries are located near rivers or lakes.
(D) Climate:
Climate influences the location of industries. Ex: cotton textile Industry requires Humid climate.
(E) Labour:
Industries require cheap and efficient Labour it also requires skilled Labours. The production is influenced by the Labour cost.
(F) Market:
Nearness to market is essential for quick marketing of manufactured goods.
(G) Transportation:
To carry raw materials to the factory and finished products to the market an efficient and cheap transportation is necessary.
(H) Capital:
Development oflndustries requires Large capital investment.
(I) Government policy:
To give boost to Industries Govt, must have favourable policies like Tax exemption, electricity and sites at concession rates.