2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 2 World Population

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Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 2 World Population

2nd PUC Geography World Population Text Book Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who is the founder of Population Geography?
Answer:
G.T Trewar is the founder of population Geography.

Question 2.
What is the Natural Growth of Population?
Answer:
Natural growth ofpopulation refers to the increase ofpopulation by difference between births and deaths in a particular region between two points of time.

Question 3.
What is Demography?
Answer:
The word demography is derived from two greek words demos means population and graphy means description. It includes the study of characteristics of human population such as size, growth, density, distribution and statistics.

Question 4.
State the Total Population of the World according to 2012.
Answer:
According to 2012, The total population of the world is 7,114 millions.

Question 5.
What do you mean by Population Explosion?
Answer:
Growth of population is not uniform the population growth was rapid in 20th century. This rapid growth of population is called population explosion.

Question 6.
Mention the growth rate of Population according to 2012.
Answer:
In the recent decades world population growth has slightly decreased, According to 2012 population data the growth rate declined to below 1.1 percent.

Question 7.
What is the birth rate?
Answer:
The Births take place in a particular area per thousand population is called as Birth rate.

Question 8.
What is the Death rate?
Answer:
The deaths take place in a particular area per thousand population is called as Death rate.

Question 9.
Name the country which has highest birth rate in the world.
Answer:
At present the country with the highest birth rate in the world is Niger with 51.26 births per 1000 people.

Question 10.
Which country is having lowest birth rate?
Answer:
Japan is having lowest birth rate Japan has 7.64 births per 1000.

Question 11.
Name the country which has highest death rate.
Answer:
The country which has highest death rate is sierra leone of Africa. It has more death rate at 18 deaths per 1000 people.

Question 12.
What is migration?
Answer:
Movement of people from one place to another is called migration.

Question 13.
What is internal migration?
Answer:
The Movement of People within the country or region is called internal Migration.

Question 14.
Which continent has highest growth of population?
Answer:
Asia, Africa and latin America has highest growth of Population.

Question 15.
Name the Asian country which is more populated.
Answer:
The Asian country, India is more populated.

Question 16.
What is density of population?
Answer:
The Density of population is the ratio between the number of people to the size of land (The number of persons per unit area) It is usually measured as number of persons per sqKm.

Question 17.
Which country has highest sex ratio in the World?
Answer:
The countries Latvia and Estonia has the highest Sex ratio in the world.

Question 18.
What is Literacy?
Answer:
Literacy is the ability to read and write with understanding.

Question 19.
What is the average percentage of Urban population in the world?
Answer:
The average percentage of urban population in the world is about 50.5 percent.

Question 20.
What is Life Expectancy?
Answer:
The average period that a person may expect to live is known as “Life expectancy”.

Question 21.
State the average Life Expectancy of the World.
Answer:
The average life expectancy of the world population is 68.09 years.

Question 22.
Who introduced the concept of Human Development first time?
Answer:
The Concept of human development was introduced by Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq.

Question 23.
Expand HDI.
Answer:
The expanded form of HDI is – Human Development Index.

Question 24.
Write the three components of HDI.
Answer:
The three components of HDI are:

Health
Education.
Decent standard of living.

Question 25.
Name the four concepts of Human Development.
Answer:
The four concepts of human development are:

Equality
Sustainability
Productivity.
Empowerment.

Question 26.
What is sex Ratio?
Answer:
The ratio between male and female population is called “The Sex Ratio”.

II. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the difference between Natural Growth of Population and Net Growth of Population?
Answer:
Natural Growth of population refers to the increase of population by difference between births and deaths in particular region between two points of time. Net growth of population is also known as Actual growth of population. It is the change of population in particular area between two points of time.
Net growth of population = Birth – Death + in migration – out migration.

Question 2.
Write the components of population growth.
Answer:
There are 3 components of population growth they are Birth rate, Death rate and Migration.

Death Rate and Migration:
(a) Birth Rate:
Birth rate ranging from 10-20 births per 1000 are considered low, rates from 40-50 births per 1000 are considered low, Rates from 40-50 births per 1000 are considered high. There are problems for both extremely high and extremely low the birth rate varies from one country to another. The highest-birth rate country is Niger with 51.26 birth per 1000 people and Japan with 7.64 births per 1000 is the lowest birth rate.

(b) Death Rate:
Due to the development of agriculture, industries, technology and improvement in medical facilities drinking water supply and control of epidemic the death rate has Men the death rate of the world is about 8.37 per 1000 per year.

Source: World Population Data Sheet, 2013.

Source: World Population Data Sheet, 2013.

Question 3.
Name any four countries which are having low growth rate of population.
Answer:
Growth of population is not uniform. Population growth rate is highly variable between developed and developing countries. It is very low in the developed countries. The countries which have low growth rate are Britain, USA, Russia, Belgium, Japan and Australia.

Question 4.
What are the causes for rapid increase of population?
Answer:
several factors are responsible for the rapid growth of population the main cause are High birth rate and low Death rate, migration and improved economic condition.
Causes for High Birth rate:

Early Marriage
Poverty of the people
In font mortality.
Illiteracy
Religion and Social Attitude
Tropical climate.
Joint family system

Causes for low Death rate:

Improved medical facilities
Decline in infant mortality
Improvement of sanitation

Question 5.
Name the continents which are having high growth rate of population in the worid.
Answer:
Asia, Africa and Latin America are having high growth rate of population in the world.

Question 6.
What are the causes for migration?
Answer:
The migration of people can be caused by number of factors they can be social, economic or political. There are two sets of factors that influence on migration:
The push factors:

Unemployment
Poor living condition.
Climate
Natural disasters
Economic and political factors

Pull factors:

Job opportunities
Better living conditions.
Security of life and property.
Healthy climate.

Question 7.
Mention the types of Migration.
Answer:
Migration can be classified as

International migration.
Internal Migration.

Question 8.
State the areas of high density on the earth.
Answer:
The three principal regions ofhigh density on the earth are:

Eastern, Southern and South-eastern parts of Asia.
North-western part of Europe.
North-Eastern part of USA and South-eastern part of Canada.

Question 9.
Write the areas of low density on the earth.
Answer:

Areas near the North and South poles.
The hot and the cold deserts.
High rainfall zones near the equator have very low density.

Question 10.
Mention the measures for population control.
Answer:
Population can be controlled by the following measures.

Adoption and propaganda of Family planning methods.
Practice of celibacy.
Self control.
Remaining unmarried.
Improving women’s status and health.
Tax disincentives for large families.
Education.
Planned parenthood.
Birth control methods.

Question 11.
What is the dependency Ratio?
Answer:
The ratio between the number of people in a population between the ages of 15 and 64 and the dependant population. Dependency ratio quantifies the ratio between the economically active population and the dependant population.

Question 12.
What is population Ageing? Write the challenges associated with population ageing.
Answer:
Population ageing is a phenomenon that occurs when the median age of country rises due to increasing life expectancy. The challenges associated with population Ageing are. It is associated with dramatic increase in the older retired population relative to the shrinking population of working ages and it creates social and political pressure.

Question 13.
What is the demographic dividend?
Answer:
Demographic dividend refers to a period of usually 20 to 30 years. It is characterised by fall of fertility rates due to significant reductions in child and infant mortality rates. Lesser number ofbirths and reduction in infant mortality, increase in the life expectancy as well as increase in the size working population which intimate more development. It is called demographic dividend.

Question 14.
State the components of HDI.
Answer:

Health: It is the first index to measure the human development. A higher life expectancy means the people have a greater change of living longer and healthy.
Education: It is the second index to assess human development. The adult literacy rate and the gross enrolment ratio represent the asses of education.
Decent standard of living: Standard of living is the third index to assess the human development. It is measured in terms of purchasing power.

Question 15.
Name the Countries which are having highest literacy rate in the world.
Answer:
Georgia ranks first with 100 percent literacy. Estonia, Latvia., Slovenia Ukraine, Russia, Hungary has highest literacy rate in the world.

III. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Explain the growth of population in the world.
Answer:
The growth of population refers to the change in number of inhabitants of a country during a specific period. In 1804, the world population reached one billion, due to the impact of the industrial revolution, improvement in living standard, the rate of population growth increased. It reached two billion in 1927. At present according to U.N. estimates of 2013, the world is inhabited by 7121 million population.
Trend Of Pupolation Growth:

year	1750	1800	1850	1900	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2012
Population in million*	791	978	1262	1650	2519	2982	3692	4435	5263	6070	6972	7114

Source: World Population Data Sheet.

Growth of population is not uniform. The population growth was rapid almost throughout the 20th century. Population growth rate is highly variable between developed and developing countries.

Question 2.
Discuss the distribution of population in the world.
Answer:
The population of the world is unevenly distributed. The distribution of population is expressed in terms of density. The density is the ratio between the numbers of people to the size of land. It is usually measured as number of persons per sq km.
Density of population = \(\frac{\text { Total population }}{\text { Total geographical area }}\)
Continent wise total population and Density of population 2011.

By looking at the table we can say that some areas are densely populated and some are thinly populated. The density of the world population has been divided into three regions nemely

Areas of High Density which comprises.
- Eastern, Southern and South-eastern parts of Asia.
- North-western part of Europe.
- North-eastern part of US A. and South-eastern part of Canada.
Areas of Medium Density:
- Argentine, Southeast Africa and Australia.
Areas of low Density:
- North and South poles, The hot and cold deserts and high rainfall zones.

Question 3.
Write a note on sex ratio and Age structure of the world.
Answer:
The ratio between male and female population is called the sex ratio. It is usually measured as the number of female per thousand males.
Sex ratio = \(\frac{\text { Female population }}{\text { Male population }} \times 1000\)
In some countries the sex ratio is measured. The number of males per thousand females. There should not be sex descrimination in the country. If there is gender descriminationthen the sex ratio is unfavourable to females. The average sex ratio of the world is 986 females per 1000 males during 2010 and it was reduced to 984 in 2011.
Age Structure:
Age structure is an important indicator of population composition. Age structure represents the number of people of different age group. It includes both male and female population. About 65.8 percent of the total population belongs to the age group of 15-65 yrs. of adults about 26.2 percent is below age group of 15 years are called infants.

A population pyramid is also called as an age pyramid or age picture diagram. The shape of the pyramid represents the population history of century. The pyramid oflndia clearly indicates stabilizing birth rates but has large base of children and less aged people.

Question 4.
What is demographic cycle? Explain the stages of demographic cycle.
Answer:
The Demographic cycle is a model used to represent the process of population transformation of countries from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates as part of the economic development process of a country.
There are 5 stages namely
1. First Stage (High stationary):
It is characterized by both high birth rate and high death rate it is found when the country is economically backward. Population remains stationary.

2. Second stage (Early expanding):
It begins with the declining of death rate while the birth rate remains unchanged. Due to improvement in food and sanitation life span increases. Many Developing countries are in this stage.

3. Third Stage (Late expanding):
Death rate declines and birth rate begins to fall yet there is large increase of population since birth exceeds deaths. This is due to increased wages, urbanization, an increase in the status and education of women and an increase in parental investment in the education of children and other changes.

4. Fourth stage (Low stationary):
It is characterized with low birth rate and low death rate. So the population becomes stationary. Due to the changing lifestyle, many diseases are caused in this stage. Japan Sweden Denmark and Belgium are in this stage.

5. Fifth stage (Declining):
Population begins to decline as birth rate is lower than death rate. East European countries like Norway Sweden are in this stage.

Question 5.
What is human development? Discuss the measurement of human development.
Answer:
The concept of human development was introduced by Dr. Mahbub-ul.Haq Dr. Haq has described human development as “Development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives”. The basic goal of development is to create conditions where people can live meaningful lives. It means people must be healthy and able to develop their talent, participate with activities of the Society and be free to achieve their goals. Human Development is measured with

The Human Development Index (HDI)
The Human Poverty Index

These together give an accurate picture of the human development situation in a country. The Human Development Index measures attainment in human development in the Health, Education and Access of resources of human development.