2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 6 Population of India

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Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 6 Population of India

2nd PUC Geography Population of India Text Book Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
What is the total population of India according to 2011 census?
Answer:
According 2011 census, the total population of India was 121.01 crores.

Question 2.
Name the state recorded highest literacy rate of india.
Answer:
Kerala state recorded the highest literacy rate of India with 93.91%.

Question 3.
Which state has highest density of population?
Answer:
Bihar state has the highest density of population of about 1102 per square kins.

Question 4.
What is the average birth and death rate of India?
Answer:
The average birth rate is 49.2 and average death rate is 42.6.

Question 5.
Which state has highest sex ratio?
Answer:
Kerala state has highest sex ratio.

Question 6.
Name the highest and lowest density states of India.
Answer:
Bihar is the highest density and sikkim has the lowest density state of India.

Question 7.
What is the average population density of india according to 2011 census?
Answer:
According to 2011 census the average density of population in India is 382 person per sq kms.

Question 8.
Which union territory has highest population density?
Answer:
The union territory Delhi has the highest density of population (11,297).

Question 9.
In which year family planning programme was introduced in India?
Answer:
The family planning programme in India was introduced in the year 1952.

Question 10.
Which decade is known as great divide in Indian census?
Answer:
The growth was very slow in 1921 and it is a negative growth of 0.31% in this decade population growth was curbed thus the decade is considered as great divide in the history of Indian census.

Question 11.
What is the average literacy rate of india according to 2011 census?
Answer:
According to 2011 census the literacy rate of India is 74.4%.

Question 12.
What is migration?
Answer:
The movement of people from one place to another is known as a migration.

Question 13.
Which stream of internal migration is called as women migration?
Answer:
Rural to Rural migration is most predominant in India. Female migrants dominated the stream it is an important example for matrimonial migration and it is called women Migration So rural to Rural stream of Internal migration is called as women migration.

Question 14.
What is the rank of human development index of India according to 2011?
Answer:
According to 2011 the rank of human Development Index of India is 134.

Question 15.
Which decade has lowest population growth after independence of India?
Answer:
During the post-independence of India the lowest populaion growth recorded was 21.54% during the decade 2001-2011.

Question 16.
Expand UNDP.
Answer:
UNDP means United Nations Development Programme.

II. Answer the following questions in three to four sentences each.

Question 17.
What did you mean by population explosion?
Answer:
Human resource is essentially required for economic development but it should be optimum in relation to the availability of natural resources but India is already over populated it is known as population explosion.

Question 18.
What is population density?
Answer:
The number of persons per sq kms is known as population density. It is obtained by dividing the total population of a region by the total geographical area.

Question 19.
Give any four causes for high birth rate in India?
Answer:
There are several causes for high birth rate in India they are:

Early marriage.
Universal Marriage.
Joint family system.
Illiteracy.
Poverty.
Polygamy.
Religious and social superstitions.
Tropical climate.

Question 20.
What is the difference between immigration and emigration?
Answer:
Movement of people from one country to another across international borders is called International migration. The term emigration is used for out-migration from one country to another and immigration for in Migration from across the Internal border.

Question 21.
Give any four causes for low death rate in India.
Answer:
There are many causes for low death rate in India they are:

Control of epidemics.
Expansion of medical facilities.
Control of Infant mortality.
Spread of Education.
Improvement in the nutrition level.

Question 22.
What is the difference between Intra-State and Inter-state migration?
Answer:
Movement of people from one state to another is called Interstate migration. Ex: people can migrate from Karnataka to Goa. Movement of people within the state is called Intrastate migration Ex: people can migrate from chamaraja nagar to Mysore Or From Tumkur to Hassan.

Question 23.
What are the four streams of internal migration?
Answer:
In India there are 4 streams of Internal Migration they are:

Rural to Rural.
Rural to urban
Urban to urban
Urban to Rural.

Question 24.
State any two positive effects of migration.
Answer:
The positive Effects of migration are:

Migration controls the high density of population
It helps the people to get employment.
It reduces the problem of scarcity of labour.
It helps to reduce the in equality of the society.
Migration leads to change the demographic structure of a region.

Question 25.
Name any two factors influenced on Human development index in India.
Answer:
The factors that influenced on human Development Index in India are:

Birth and Death rate.
Life expectancy.
Food and Nutrition.
Literacy
Poverty.

Question 26.
Name the states of highest and lowest HDI in India.
Answer:
Kerala state has the highest HDI in India, and Chattisgarh has the lowest HDI in India.

III. Answer the following questions.

Question 27.
Explain the trend of population growth in India.
Answer:
Increase in the number of people who inhabit in an area is called the Growth of population. The Growth of population is divided into 4 stages:

1901-1921: Stagnant population Growth
1921-1951: Steady Growth.
1951-1981: Rapid high growth.
1981-2011: High growth.

In the first stage there was an increase of 13 million population growth was curbed with the out break of plague, cholera, malaria, and other Epidemics so this decade is considered as the great divide in the histroy of Indian census. In the 2^nd stage the population is modorate the main reason was decline in death rate due to control of epidemics like plague, cholera etc.

Infact mortality also fell due to better health and sanitation facilities. The third stage is very important as the growth rate of population is very high. The growth has been very rapid after Independence. Due to the implementation of socio-economical programme introduced by government of India, there is a rapid high growth of population. The fourth stage is completely different from other three stages In this stage the trend of growth rate of population is slowing down.

Question 28.
Describe the factors responsible for rapid growth of population in India.
Answer:
The factors responsible for the rapid growth of population in India are High Birth rate and low Death rate. High Birth rate is the dominate factors in rapid growth of population the causes for High Birth rate are- early marriage, universal marriage, religion and social superstition, joint family system, illiteracy, polygamy, pre dominance of agriculture, poverty, slow urbanization process, Tropical climate.

All these factors have been caused directly or indirectly for high birth rate. Low death rate resulted to the population explosion in the country. The factors leading to low death rate are: control of epedemics, decline in the incidence of malaria and tuberculosis, expansion of medical facilities control of infant mortality, spread of education improvement in the nutrition level due to these death rate has been declining from one decade to another.

Question 29.
Explain the factors responsible for uneven distribution of population in India.
Answer:
Various factors have influenced on the uneven distribution of population in the country.
Some important factors are:
1. Physical features:
The physical features of a country varies from region to region. The mountain and hills region are not suitable for human habitation. Ex: Northern Mountain. The fertile great plains of north India and the river delta have high density population.

2. Soil:
The fertilesoil regions have high crop productivity. Infertile sandy areas are less productivity and they are low populated.

3. Climate:
Climate influences on the distribution of population, the density of population is high in good climatic regions. But the very hot or cold and very dry climatic regions have low density of population.

4. Resources:
Mineral and power resources promote rapid economic development such areas are densely populated. Ex: West Bengal.

5. Industries, Trade and commerce: Highly industrialized commercial and business areas of the country are densely populated for Ex: Mumbai, Durgapur. The areas for away from business and they are sparsely populated.

6. Security:
People like to stay in a good security of life and property for Ex: border areas of Jammu and Kashmir are sparsely populated: But uttar prades, West Bengal are most densely populated.

Question 30.
Discuss the composition of population in India.
Answer:
The composition of population includes the study of sex ratio, literacy age, structure, rural and urban population.
1. Sex ratio:
The number of females per 1000 males is known as the sex ratio. As per 2011 census, the average sex ratio of the country was 940 1 females for every 1000 males. This indicates that there are more males than females in India. The sex ratio differs from state to state. Kerala state has more females than males. As per 2011 censue Kerala has 1084 females for every 1000 male and Haryana has 877 female ‘ for every 1000 males.

2. Literacy:
Literacy rate has increased in recent years, Literacy rate has increased from 1951 to 2011. The male literally was 82.1 % in contrast to the female literacy of only 65.5%. Kerala with 93.91 % is the highly literate state in India Bihar with 63.82% is the lowest rate.

3. Age Structure:
On the basis of age the entire population is divided into 3 categories namely Infants (0-14 years) adults (15-59 yrs) and aged group (above 60 yrs) According to 2011 census. about 31,10% of the total population of the country is infants. 5.3% are old age and adults 63.60% adults are increasing every year with high birth rate the number of working population in also increasing.

4. Rural and urban population:
According to 2011 census, 76.4% of the people lived in rural areas and 23.61% is urban areas in India. Maharashtra has the highest urban population, and sikkim has the lowest urban population. Uttar pradesh has more rural population and mizoram has low rural population in the country.

Question 31.
What are the problems caused with rapid growth of population?
Answer:
The Rapid growth of population has led to number of problems. They are:
1. Unemployment and under employment:
The major problem caused by rapid growth of population is unemployment and under employment. It affected on young educated people both in rural and urban areas.

2. Shortage of food and Malnutrition:
India is an agricultural country It is self sufficient of food grains. Due to the rapid growth of population there is pressure on source of food people are poorly fed. Malnutrition is prevailing throughout the country.

3. Burden on Civic and Social amenities:
Education, health, medical, housing, drinking water, electricity and sanitation are the basic necessities of a society though government is providing all these. It is not enough with the increase of population.

4. Low per capita income:
The National income of a country has increased about 3.6% per annum but per capita income is only 1.5% low per capita income affects the economic condition of the people.

5. Increase of the unproductive population
The entire population of the country is not productive. The people belonging to 16 to 60 yrs are known as productive. Below 15 years and above 60 yrs are unproductive. They are dependant on others.

6. Others:
The other factors responsible for the rapid growth of population are slow economic development, mass poverty, low standard of living, political unrest and social problems like theft, robbery, corruption, environmental pollution and immorality.

Question 32.
Explain the types of migration.
Answer:
Migration can be broadly classified into two groups. They are:

Internal migration
International migration.

1. Internal Migration:
Movement of people from one region to another within the same country is called Internal Migration. There, are four divisions in intereal Migration. They are:
(a) Rural to Rural:
65.5% of the total migration of the country is Rural to Rural Female migrants are more in this division. It is due to Matrimonial migration and it is called women Migration.

(b) Rural to urban:
17.6% o f the total migration falls to this division. Rural-urban migration is caused by push of the rural areas and pull of the urban areas – Bothe males and females have migrated from Rural to urban areas.

(c) Urban to urban:
11.2% of the migration belonged to this division people from small town likes to move to large cities which has more fa .aties. So class 1 cities have grown at faster rate.

(d) urban to rural:
Urban areas are affected by pollution. Big cities like mumbai, chennai, Bangalore have many diseases connedted to lungs, high cost of living pressure on public utility. The old and retired people like to spend the old age life in villages. So people move from urban to rural.

Internal migration included both inter state and Intra state Migration movement of people from one state to another state is called inter state. Ex: Movement from Karnataka to Rajasthan. Movement of people within the state is called intra state migration. Ex: Movement from Hassan to Bellary.

2. International Migration:
Movement of people from one country to another is called international migration. The term emigration is used for out migration from one country to another and Imigration for in-migration from across the international border, out relocation is called emigration and when a country receives migration is called Im migratioa

Question 33.
Describe the effects of migration.
Answer:
Migragion has both positive and Negative effect.
Positive effect of migration are:

Migration controls the high density of population.
It helps the people to get employment.
It reduces the problem of scarcity of labour.
It leads to change the demographic structure of a region.
It helps to reduce the in equality of the society.

Negative effect of Migration:

It affects on density and distribution of population.
Large scale Migration from rural to urban leads to the formation of slums.
It leads to many social problems and immoral activities.
There will be pressure on civic amenities like electricity.
It causes Ethnics, religions and language problems.
It will effect on the job opportunities of local people.

Question 34.
Explain the controlling measures of migration.
Answer:
The following are the measures taken to control migration.

Rural to urban migration can be controlled by expanding civic amenities to villages as well as cities.
Developing transport facilities between the city and surrounding rural areas.
Create more employment opportunities in the surrounding rural areas of the city.
Developing satellite tower around big cities with all basic amenities.
Encouraging the laborers live in the satellite towns rather than in the big cities.
Develop Industrial areas outside the cities

Question 35.
Discus the factors affected on human development index in India.
Answer:
The factors which affects on Human development index in India are:
1. Birth and Death rate:
The birth rate is India has been slowly declined. Declining of birth rate has been much slower than that of the death rate this resulted in rapid increase of populations. It affects slow economic growth of the country. It is the main cause for the decline of Human Development Index.

2. Life expectancy:
Life expectancy has gone up in Index. Infant mortality rate is declining. This is a consequence of the expansion of food security and of medical facilities It helps to raise the HDI in the country.

3. Food and Nutrition:
Nutritious food is essential for good health. Aheakhy society and a peaceful country can be created by people who have nutritional food. According to 2011 Global Hunger Index (GHI) report India gets 15^th rank among the leading countries with hunger situation and also India is one of the highest ranking country in the world with regard to mal nutrition: Rural children suffer from Malnutrition as compared to urban. It affects human development.

4. Literacy:
Education is the key for socio-economic progress. Currently India has the largest illiterate population there in gender disparity in the literacy rate in india. According to 2011 census literacy rate of men is 82.14% where as 65.46% for women. The large proportion of illiterate female is another reason for the low literacy rate in India the literacy rate both in rural and urban areas was higher for males than for females. It is the main reason for the declining Human Development Index in the country.

5. Poverty:
India suffers from poverty. According to 2010 data from the UNDP 29.8% of the population are in below the poverty line of the country, poverty has reflected in poor quality of life, hunger, malnutrition, illiteracy and led to low level of human development.The government of India has introduced some programmes to control poverty and improve literacy rate.

They are serva Shikshan abhiyana, Anna Bhagya yojana, Ksheera Bhagya yojana coolygagi Kalu and Ba Marali Shalege. These programmes also help to improve human development Index of the country.