2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 9 Mineral and Power Resources

Students can Download 2nd PUC Geography Chapter 9 Mineral and Power Resources Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and to clear all their doubts, score well in final exams.

Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 9 Mineral and Power Resources

2nd PUC Geography Mineral and Power Resources Text Book Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.

Question 1.
Define a mineral.
Answer:
Minerals are natural substances of organic or inorganic with definite chemical and physical properties.

Question 2.
What is Ore?
Answer:
A naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted.

Question 3.
What is mining?
Answer:
Extraction of minerals from the Earth is called Mining.

Question 4.
Which is the best type of iron ore?
Answer:
Magnetite is the best type of Iron ore.

Question 5.
Name the metal which is made of Bauxite ore.
Answer:
Aluminum is the metal which is made of Bauxite.

Question 6.
Which is called as “wonder metal of 20^th Century?
Answer:
Aluminium is called as wonder metal of 20^th century.

Question 7.
When and where the first gold production was started in India?
Answer:
The first gold mining operations took place in the K.G.F during the year 1871.

Question 8.
Which is the largest gold producing state in India?
Answer:
Karnataka state is the largest gold producing state in India.

Question 9.
Name the atomic minerals of India.
Answer:
Atomic minerals are Uranium, Thorium and plutonium.

Question 10.
Which mineral is called as Black Diamond?
Answer:
Coal is called as Black Diamond.

Question 11.
Which type of coal is the best quality?
Answer:
Anthracite type of coal its the best Quality.

Question 12.
Why Jharia is famous for?
Answer:
Jharia is famous for coaking coal.

Question 13.
In which state talcher coal mine is located?
Answer:
Talcher coal mine is located in Odisha state.

Question 14.
What are the source of energy?
Answer:
The sources of energy are:

1. Conventional source of energy
2. Non-conventional source of energy.

Question 15.
What is solar energy?
Answer:
Solar energy is anon-conventional energy, the energy got by sun is called solar energy. It is cheap, renewable and in-exhaustible.

Question 16.
What is Biogas?
Answer:
Bio-gas is based on the use of dung to produce gas which is used as Domestic fuel especially in rural areas. It is based on the, decomposition of organic matter to yield gas consisting of methane, CO₂, which can be used as source of energy.

Question 17.
What is Geothermal energy?
Answer:
It is a non-conventional energy. It is 1 obtained from the heat generating deep inside the earth. It is also produced from the Hot springs and geysers.

II. Answer the following questions in 3 to 4 sentences each.

Question 1.
Distinguish between. Ore and Mineral?
Answer:
Minerals:
Minerals are natural Substances of organic Or in-organic with definite chemical and phycial properties.

Ore:
A naturally occuring solid material from which a metal Or valuable mineral can be extracted.

Question 2.
What are the main types of minerals?
Answer:
On the basis of chemical and physical properties Minerals are divided into 2 main types they are:

1. Metallic minerals.
2. Non-Metallic Minerals.

Question 3.
What are the uses of minerals?
Answer:
The minerals resourceses provide raw material which are necessary for industrial development of the country.

Question 4.
Mention the types of coal.
Answer:
On the basis of carbon content colour and heating intensity coal is classified into 4 types they are:

1. Anthracite.
2. Bituminous.
3. Lignite.
4. Peat.

Question 5.
Name the two important Gold producing regions of India.
Answer:
Karnataka state and Andra pradesh state. In Karnataka KGF and Hutti.

Question 6.
In which states of india the Gondwana coal fields are located?
Answer:
Gondwana Gold fields are located in the states of Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chatisgarh, Maharastra, and Andra pradesh.

Question 7.
Mention the factors necessary for thermal electricity?
Answer:
The factors necessary for thermal electricity are:

1. There must be coal, petroleum, Ntural gas in obundance large space is required for the construction of thermal plant.
2. Abundant supply of water.

Question 8.
Biogas energy is suitable for rural India. How?
Answer:
Biogas energy is very clean and convenient fuel useful for cooking and fighting in rural areas it is used for replacing disel, oil, engines for genarating the power and electricity so Bio-gas is suitable for rural India.

Question 9.
What are the forms of utilization of solar energy?
Answer:
There are 3 main forms of utilization of solar energy they are:

1. Thermal solar power.
2. Solar photovoltaic
3. Photosynthesis.

Question 10.
Mention the states where the wind farms are located.
Answer:
The states where the wind farms are located are Tamil Nadu, Gujarath, Maharastra, Kamataka, Rajastan, Madhya Pradesh, Andra Pradesh, Kerala and odisha.

Question 11.
What are the need for no- conventional sources of energy in India?
Answer:
In India conventional power resources are inadequate. The rate of energy consumption has been increased so there is an urgent need to harness other alternative power resources so priority has given for the development of non-conventional power resources. So The development of these power resources is very essential.

III. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Explain the distribution and production of iron ore in India.
Answer:
India has abundant reserves of iron ore. Iron ore deposits are found in servaral parts of the country. The major deposists are in Jharkhand, odisha, madhya pradesh, Chattisgarh, Karnataka and Goa. Odisha is a largest producer of Iron ore in India most of the deposists occur in sundargarh, mayurbanj, Keonjhar and cuttak. odisha has high grade of iron ore like magnetite and hametite.

Chattisgarh produces 21% of the total production of Iron ore in India. The iron ore produced by this state is supplied to the Hindustan. Steel plant at Bhilai. Jharkhand ranks 3^rd in the production of iron ore in India. Singbhum district produce good Quality of Iron ore. The Iron ore supplied to IISCO and Bokaro Iron and steel plants.

Karnataka produce only 4% of the Iron ore production in India. Hematite and magnatite iron ore is found in Baba budan Hills in Chikkamangalur District, the iron ore produced from this state is supplied to the iron and steel plant of VISL and Jindal Karnataka export iron ore to Japan.

India is the 4^th Largest producer of iron ore in the world. But the production is decreased by 19% as compared to earlier years. This is due to discontinuation of mines in kamataka and Goa-owing to the Hon’ble supreme court.

Question 2.
Give an account of the uses, distribution and production of manganese ore in India.
Answer:

1. Manganese is used to make steel, tough and resistant to rusting.
2. It is used in the manufacture of paints, varnish, Batteries, dyes, fertilizers, pottery, calico-printing, medicine,

manufacture of Black enamel in chemical Industries, Bleaching powder, electrical, glass industries. So it is known as, “jack of all traders”. India occupies 2^nd place with regard to manganese ore reservoirs in the world. But in the production India ranks 5^th place. 99% of India’s manganese ore is produced by odisha, maharastra, kamataka and A.P. Odisha is the largest producer of manganese ore in India.

Best varieties of manganese ore is found in sundargarh district. Maharastra occups 4^th place in reserves, and 1^st place in the production. The main manganese belt is in Nagapur district. Madhya pradesh is the 2^nd largest producer in the country.

Karnataka ranks 5^th place in the country, The main manganese ore deposit occur in Bellary Chitradurgah. India is the 5^th largest producer of manganese ore in the world. The production of manganese is increasing from year to year.

Question 3.
Describe the distribution, production and trade of bauxite in India.
Answer:
Bauxite is found mainly in tertiary deposit and is associated with laterite rocks which is found in hill ranges of penensular India. India’s reserve is the 5^th largest in the world more than half of the country’s Boxuite are found in odisha, A.P, M.P, reserve. Odisha has large reserves and is the biggest producer of Bauxite in India.

Vast reservers of buxite are located at Kalahandi and sudargarh district. Chattisgarh is the 5^th largest producer of bauxite in India. Maharastra occupies the 3^rd place interms of bauxite production. Buxite deposist occur in Rathnagiri and satara states. Jharkhand is the 4^th largest producer of Buxite in India a large Quantity of Bauxite deposiste are located in Ranchi.

India is the 6^th largest producer of Bauxite in the world. In 2012 – 13 the production of Bauxite ore in India is 15,360 thousand tonnes how it is increased by 13% 80% of the bauxite in India is used for producing Alluminium India’s export of bauxite is reducing due to increasing demand in the home market. So India exports only 20% of Bauxite to Italy, U.K, Japan and Germany.

Question 4.
Explain the distribution and production of gold in India.
Answer:
The Gold deposits occur mainly in state of Karnataka, Tamil nadu, Kerala, Bihar, Jarkhand, Madhya pradesh. Karnataka is the largest producer of Gold in India. The major Gold ore reserves are in Kolar, Raichur, Darward and Hassan District. Gold reserves also found in Gulburga, Bellary, Mysore and Shivamoga Districts. Most of the Gold production of the state came form Kolar Gold Field (KGF). The 1st Gold mining KGF started in 1871. There were four important Gold Mines namely:

1. Champion reef
2. Nandidurga
3. Ooregum
4. Mysore mines.

Due to depletion of ores all these mines are abandoned Hutti Gold field in Raichur and Ballari Gold field inTumkur district are the main producterofthe gold in the state. Andra pradesh is 2nd important producer of gold in India. Gold deposists are found in Ramagiri in Ananthpur District.

Jharkhand is another producer of Gold in India. It has both Alhuval and native gold aluival gold is obtained from sands of the subamarekha river and native gold is found near low in singhbam district. India share in the world’s Gold production is insignificant (0.78%) there is a consistent decline in the production of gold from 1951-1991 about 99% of the total production of gold in the country is from Karnataka.

India imports gold from U.K, Saudai Arabia and Hongkong. Gold mining is carried on in the country in the public sector. India is the largest market for gold in the world.

Question 5.
Discuss the importance, the distribution and production of coal in India.
Answer:
70% of the total commercial power consume in India is coal manufacturing of Iron and Steel, chemicals depend on the availability of coal. Coal is a source of energy and raw material for many chemical industries. It provides by products like tar, napththaline, ammonia gas, coal gas, benezol. These are used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers, rubber, plastic, explosives dyes and insectsides coal is known as black diamond.

A large amount of coal resvers are located in the state of Jharkhand, Chattishgarh, odissha, Madhya Pradesh, Andra pradesh, West Bengal. Some resvers are located in Uttar pradesh and North – Eastern states at present the leading producer of coal in India are Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, odisha and Madhya pradesh.

Chattishgarh holds the 3^rd position in respect of coal reserves but 1^st in the production of coal in India. Jharkhand is the 2^nd largest producer of coal in India. There are 21 coal field in this state. Among them Jaria, Bokaro, Giridhi are very important jharia is one of the oldest and richest coal field of India it is known as store house of the Best metallurgical coal in the country.

Odisha stands 2^nd in coal reserves and 3^rd largest producer of coal. Here talcher is an important coa.l producing area. India ranks 3^rd among the coal producing country’s of the world next to China and USA. India contributes 10.2% of the total world’s production of coal.

Question 6.
Explain the uses and types of coal in India.
Answer:
Coal is a source of energy it is used in the manufacture of Iron and steel and chemicals it is a raw material for many chemical industries. It provides bi-products like tar, Ammoniagas coal gas, Benezol. These are used in the manufacture of Rubber, Plastic and Insecticides.
There are 4 types of coal in India:
1. Anthracite:
It is the best variety of coal. It contains 80-90% of carbon it is very hard and Black in colour. It produces more heat, it ignites slowly and bums with a nice, short Blue flame with out giving smoke. It is used for central heating, steam in ship and Boilers.

2. Bituminous:
A type of coal after heating which released Bituman is called Bituminous It contains 50-80% ofcarbon it produces sufficient heat it is hard and black in colour. It gives coking coal, coal gas, steam. It is used in steel industry and thermal power genaration.

3. Lignite:
It is locograde variety of coal. It contains lot of vegetable matter and wood structure. It contains only 40-55% of carbon. It is dark-Black brown in colour-It give more ash and moisture. It produces less heat. It is used in genaration of thermal power. Manufacture of synthetic fibers, fertilizers and gas.

4. Peat:
In this vegetable matter is transfered to, coal it contains less than 40% of carbon it is inferior in Quality. It gives less heat and release more smoke and lot of ash after burning. It is used in the thermal power plants and fertilizers industries.

Question 7.
Describe the occurrence, production and distribution of crude oil in India.
Answer:
The termpetroleumhas been derived from 2 Latin words petra means Rock and oleum means oil. Thus petroleum is obtained from Rocks layer. The sedimentary Rock of the earth. So it is called Rock oil or crude oil. The total production of petroleum in India was 380.9 Lakhs tomes in 2011-12. India is not a significant producer of petroleum.

Now the domestic crude oil production has increased, this is due to the efforts made by ONGC and oil india limited. The total crude oil reserves are 759.6 million tonnes. Bombay high and Gujarath stands 1^st. The other places are Assam, A.P and T.N.

Bombay High is the Largest oil producing area it is located on the contentenal shelf of the coast of Maharastra. The oil is taken from the depth of over 1400 mtrs with the help of the plat form ‘ Sagar Samrat ’. Petroleum was 1^st discovered in India at makum [Assam] in 1867. The 1^st oil well was drilled at digboi.

The important oil fields of Assam state are digboi, Rudra sagar and Sibhsogur. The oil reserves of Gujrath is located largely in coastal plains Ankaleshwar and cambay are the main oil fields. The deltas of Godarari the krishna and kaveri holds great potential of oil production.

Question 8.
Given account of Thermal and Nuclear Energy of India.
Answer:
The electricity genarated by using fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and Natural gas is called thermal electricity or thermal energy. It has some advantages the initial capital for the construction of thermal plant is Low and time is short it has disadvantages also i.e., low efficiency in terms of heating value and higher operation cost.
The following conditions are necessary for successful development of thermal electricity they are:

1. There must be coal, petroleum and natural gas in abundance.
2. Large space for the construction of thermal plant.
3. Abundant supply of water.

In India there is lot of demand for energy but the production of energy is not sufficient. There is in equality in the distribution of power resources so thermal power provides feasible source of power development so thermal power has recorded much fester rate of Growth than other forms.

The energy generated from the fission of the atomic minerals like uranium, Thorium, and plutonium is called Nuclear energy. The demand for energy has been increased with the increase of population in the country There is power crises as the production is in sufficient to meet energy needs of the country nuclear power programme was formulated.

India has reserves of atomic energy minerals of uranium and thorium which is required for the nuclear power. The 1^st nuclear power plants was started in 1969 at Tarapur near mumbai.
Now there are 7 Nuclear power station in India they are:

1. Tarapur nuclear plant near mumbai in maharastra it was establesed in 1969.
2. Rana Pratap sagar plant near kota in Rajasthan established in 1973.
3. kalpakam nuclear plant near chennai in T.N established in 1984.
4. Narora Nuclear plant near narora in uttar pradesh established in 1991.
5. Kakrapara atomic power plant near kakrapur in Gujarath established in 1993.
6. Kaiga nuclear plant at Kaiga near Karwar in Karnataka established in 2000.
7. Kudam kulam in Tamil Nadu recently commissioned in 2013.

There is a proposal to setup new neuclear plants at srisailam in A.P, Jaipur in Rajastan. Tuticoiin in T.N, Talcher in odisha and Kolkatta in West Bengal. India is the 6^th leading producer of Nuclear power in the world.

Question 9.
Describe the non-conventional energy resources in India.
Answer:
The. power resources other than the traditional fossil and mineral Sources are known as non-conventional power resources. The non-conventional energy resources of India, are

1. Solar energy
2. Wind energy
3. Biogas
4. Geo-thermal power.
5. Tidal power.

1. Solar energy:
The energy genarated by sun is called solar energy. Since ancient times man is using solar energy in different ways. Solar energy is cheap renewable, in-exhaustable, widely viable eco-friendly and sustainable source of energy. It is used for water heating, space heating, Distillation plants, Air conditions, cooking, and power generation.

India has a tropical country it has pently of solar energy. Rajastan is an ideal region for the development of solar energy. There are 3 forms of utlization of solar energy they are:

• Solar thermal energy.
• Solar photovoltaic.
• Photo Synthesis.

2. Wind energy:
Wind energy is obtained in the velocity of air is high ih olden times it is used for sailing boats, grinding com and pumping water wind energy is natural abundant cheap pollution free and eco-friendly it can be converted into mechanical and electrical power. In India wind energy development started 1990.

India has 5^th largest installed wind power capacity in the world. There are 500 wind power stations all over the country. Tamil nadu has the Largest capacity of wind power in India. Gujarat is the 2^nd harger producer of wind power in India.

3. Biogas:
It is based upon the use of dung to produce gas it is based on the decomposition of organic matter in absence of air, to yield gas consisting of methane, CO₂, which can be used as source of energy. It is clean and convenient fuel useful for cooking, and lighting in rural areas. It is used for replacing disel, oil engines for genarating the power and electricity.

The biogas plants are distributed through out the country. Rajastan and Uttar Pradesh ranks 184 and 2^nd. In order develop biogas Govt of India is providing financial assistance at low rate of Interest from Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency [IREDA].

4. Geo-thermal energy:
It is obtained from the heat genarating deep inside the earth. It is also produced from the hot spring and geysers the most comman method to haimess geo-thermal power is harnessing the steam that hatterally comes out fissures on the Ground. There are 350 Hot springs. The important -Geothermal center are located in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal pradesh, Uttaranchal.

5. Tidal power:
The raise and fall of sea water can genarate energy is known as tidal energy. When the tide raises the sea water rushes up. During low tides it rusheses down. This gives a high tidel range . which is required for harnessing tidal energy. India has lengthy coastline which helps to genarate tidal energy. The important tidal power stations are the gulf of kambhut, sundarbuns, and Andaman and Nicobar stands.

Question 10.
Explain the conservation and management of mineral and power resources.
Answer:
Conservation refers to the protection and preservation of Natural resources and the natural environment for the future. It also includes careful management of natural resources. Minerals are exhaustible resources they cannot be replaced.

It is to be noted that the rate of formation is longer than the rate at which the human being consumes the minerals the reason for this is the rapid Industrilation the mineral resources are getting depleted some have become useless. The present day energy which runs our industries come from minerals so we have to conserve and manage our minerals and power resources. Rational use of mineral resources invokes.

• Controlling their regular exploitation.
• Use minerals carefully.
• Using cheap substitute of minerals.

The following measures to be adopted to conserve mineral and power resources.

1. Exploitation of new minerals
2. Conservation of minerals during mining.
3. Maximum extraction of mined minerals.
4. Multi-purpose use of minerals.
5. Safe God wants.
6. Exploration of alternatives for minerals.
7. Re-use of minerals.
8. Use of power resources as raw materials.
9. Prohibition of Pollution.
10. Developing alternative fuel sources of energy.