Students can Download 2nd PUC Geography Chapter 13 Representation of Geographical Data Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and to clear all their doubts, score well in final exams.
Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 13 Representation of Geographical Data
2nd PUC Geography Representation of Geographical Data Text Book Questions and Answers
I. Answer the following.
Question 1.
Construct a line-graph by using the following data.
Karnataka: Selected district-wise Area under Rice (in hectares)
| District | Area |
| Bellary | 122721 |
| Davanagere | 130208 |
| Mysore | 123803 |
| Raichur | 164925 |
| Shimoga | 131070 |
| Mandya | 88657 |
Answer:
Question 2.
Construct a line-graph by using the following data.
Karnataka: Selected district-wise Population (in lakh) – 2011
| District | Population |
| Belagayn | 47.8 . |
| Bagalkot | 18.9 |
| Bijapur | 21.8 |
| Bidar | 17.0 |
| Raichur | 19.3 |
| Dharwad | 18.5 |
Answer:
Question 3.
Construct a line-graph by using the following data.
India: Net sown area of selected crops (in lakh hectare)-2011
| Crops | Net sown area |
| Paddy | 358.64 |
| Jowar | 30.55 |
| Bajra | 86.38 |
| Maize | 75.84 |
| Groundnut | 49.84 |
| Soybean | 93.35 |
Answer:
Question 4.
Construct a Double line-graph by using the following data.
Karnataka: Selected district-wise decadal growth rate of population (in percentage)
Answer:
Question 5.
Construct a Double line-graph by using the following data.
Karnataka: Selected district-wise Sex ratio (per 1000 Male)
Answer:
Question 6.
Construct a Double line-graph by using the following data.
Karnataka: Selected district Sex-wise population (in lakh) – 2011
Answer:
Question 7.
Construct a Single bar graph by using the following data.
India: Selected state-wise Rice production (in percentage)
| States | Production |
| West Bengal | 15.80 |
| Andhra pradesh | 12.71 |
| Uttar pradesh | 11.91 |
| Panjab | 10.86 |
| Orissa | 7.31 |
| Tamilnadu | 7.08 |
| Karnataka | 3.70 |
Answer:
Question 8.
Construct a single bar-graph by using the following data.
Karnataka: Decade-wise Sex ratio (per 1000 Male)
| Year | Female |
| 1951 | 966 |
| 1961 | 959 |
| 1971 | 957 |
| 1981 | 963 |
| 1991 | 960 |
| 2001 | 965 |
| 2011 | 968 |
Answer:
Question 9.
Construct a Single bar-graph by using the following data.
India: Decade-wise sugarcane production (in million tons)
| Year | Production |
| 1951 | 57.05 |
| 1961 | 110.0 |
| 1971 | 126.36 |
| 1981 | 156.24 |
| 1991 | 241.04 |
| 2001 | 286.00 |
| 2011 | 310.0 |
Answer:
Question 10.
Construct a Single bar-graph by using the following data.
Karnataka: Selected district-wise density of population (per sq.km)
Answer:
Question 11.
Construct a double bar-graph by using the following data.
Karnataka: Literacy rate (in percentage)-2011
Answer:
Question 12.
Construct a double bar-graph by using the following data.
Karnataka: Selected District-wise literacy rate (in percentages)-2011
Answer:
Question 13.
Construct a Pie Diagram using the following data.
India: Types of Railway-gauges – 2012
| Types | Percentage |
| Broad gauge | 86 |
| Meter gauge | 10 |
| Narrow gauge | 4 |
Answer:
Calculation of degree
Broad guage = 86 = \(\frac{86}{100} \times 360\) = 309.6
Meter guage = 10 = \(\frac{10}{100} \times 360\) = 36°
Narrow guage = 4 = \(\frac{4}{100} \times 360\) = 14.4°
Total = 360°
Question 14.
Construct a Pie-diagram using the following data.
India: Area under selected Kharif crops (in lakh hectare)
| Crops | Area |
| cereals | 35.5 |
| pulses | 16.4 |
| Oil seeds | 12.0 |
| Commercial crops | 11.0 |
| others | 5.1 |
Answer:
Calculation of degrees
Cereals = 35.5 = \(\frac{35.5}{80} \times 360\) = 159.75°
Pulses = 16.4 = \(\frac{16.4}{80} \times 360\) = 73.80°
Oil seeds = 12.0 = \(\frac{12}{80} \times 360\) = 54.0°
Commercial crops = 11.0 = \(\frac{11}{80} \times 360\) = 49.50°
Others = 5.1 = \(\frac{5.1}{80} \times 360\) = 22.95°
Question 15.
Construct a Pie Diagram using the following data.
India: The percentage of N.H in terms of width – 2011
| Types | Percentage |
| Single lane | 21 |
| Double lane | 54 |
| Four/six/eight | 25 |
Answer:
Calculation of degrees
Single lane = 21 = \(\frac{21}{100} \times 360\) = 75.6
Double lane = 54 = \(\frac{54}{100} \times 360\) = 194.4
Four/six/eight = 25 = \(\frac{25}{100} \times 360\) = 90
Question 16.
Explain the primary sources of data?
Answer:
The data which are collected for the first time by a researcher or group of researchers, institution or organizations are called primary sources of the data. The primary data is collected through the following ways.
1. Through personal Interview:
This is the most commonly used method of collecting data as the interviewer has the opportunity of Explaining the study and answering any Question from the respondents. In this method the researcher gets direct information from the respondents through dialogues and conversation.
2. By personal observations:
It is the collection of data or information by individual or group of individuals through direct observations in the field. In carrying out personal observations, the person who involved must have theoretical knowledge of the subject and scientific attitude for unbiased Evaluatioa
3. By Questionaire:
The most common method used in surveys is the Questionnaire. In this method, simple Questions and their possible answers are written on a plain paper and the respondents have to tick mark the possible answer from the given choices. This method in use fill in carrying out the survey of a larger area.
The researcher must have the following features while preparing the Questionnaire:
- The number of Questions must be minimum
- The Question should be clear and precise.
- The Question should not indicate an alternative to the answer
- Avoid Questions which give a clue.
The other methods are:
- Telephone interview
- Measuring properties State Govt.
- Semi Govt publications: In this we have the publications and reports of corporations, Boards, urban devt, Authorities are the sources of secondary data.
- Private publications: Private publication publishes year books, monographs.
- Newspapers and periodicals: The daily newspapers and periodicals or magazines are the sources of secondary data.
- Unpublished sources: The papers or findings which prepared by researchers are kept unpublished in the in stitution.
- Government Documents: The reports, papers, findings, monographs and documents are prepared and published and maintained as unpublished records.
- Semi-Government Records
Question 17.
Explain the secondary sources of data?
Answer:
The data those have been collected and analysed already by some departments, organizations, Ngo’s are called secondary data. Secondary sources of date is classified into two sources.
- Published Sources.
- Unpublished sources.
under published sources we have
(A). International publication:
In this years books, monographs and reports are published by different agencies like WHO, FAO, UNDP and UNESCO.
(B) Government publications.
The important source of secondary data are the publications of the Govt, of India, state Govt and district Bulletins. These publications comprise the census of India, weather reports and statistical abstract by corporations, boards, district council and civil departments prepare and maintain the periodical reports.
(C) Private Documents:
The companies, trade unions, different political and non-political organisations and welfare associations are having unpublished reports and records.
Question 18.
Explain the components of GIS.
Answer:
The components of GIS are:
- Data: Geographical data can be divided into three classes namely spatial, non-spatial, and continuous data.
- Spatial: Any data which is associated with a specific geographic location is called spatial Data. Ex: Bangalore city.
- Non-spatial Data: Any data which is not associated with a specific geographic location is called a non spalial data.
- Continuous Data: The data which have no discrete boundaries and have fuzzy boundaries like soil, atmospheric temperature and land elevation.
- Software: GIS software is designed to collect, store, process, geographical data and construct maps.
- Hardware: Hardware comprises storing and processing devices like central process unit (CPU) Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, Scanner, are useful for GIS.
- People: This component consists of the skilled people who involve in data capturing, processing and analyzing.
- Analysis: It involves the processing of GIS data with various analyses so as to get meaningful information.
Question 19.
Explain the functions of GIS.
Answer:
The function of GIS are:
1. Capture Data:
Geographic data can be collected or captured from various sources digital data through satellites.
2. Storing Data:
Geographical data once captured, it has to be transformed from analogy into digital format and to be stored in computer for further analysis.
3. Query:
Overline have a functional GIS contain¬ing our Geographic information, we can begin to ask simple Question. Ex: What is the extent of forested area in a place?
4. Analysis:
- Proximity Analysis
- Overlay
- Network analysis
5. Display
Network analysis is done maps, diagram, graphs, and tables are to be designed and same has to be displayed over computer monitor.
6. OutPut:
This is the final stage of GIS function where in the maps, data, tables can be printed to have hard copy as output. They can also be stored or uploaded in internet so as to access to GIS users over the globe.
Question 20.
Explain the segments of GPS.
Answer:
The segments of GPS are:
1. The space segment:
The satellites of GPS are launched and positioned at an altitude of 20,200 km almost 3 times of the earth’s radius. The space segment consists of a constellation of 24 functioning GPS satellites located in six orbital planes with4.satellites in each orbital plane.
2. The control segment:
It consists of facilities necessary for satellites especially healthy monitoring, telemetry tracking command and control clock error computation of satellites. There are 5 ground GPS station namely
- Hawaii
- Colorado spring
- Ascension Island
- Diego-Garlia
- Kwajalein
3. The user segment:
It is a total user and supplier community, both civilian and military. The user segment consists of all earth-based GPS receivers. The receiver is composed of an antenna and preamplifier radio signal microprocessor, control and display device, data recording unit and power supply. The GPS receiver decodes the timing signals from the visible satellites the space and control segments are largely transparent to the operations of navigation functions.
Question 21.
Explain the applications of GPS.
Answer:
1. Navigation:
In Navigation, by using GPS can save countless hours in the field. Even if it is underwater can be located up to one hundred meters by scaling coordinates from a map, entering waypoints and going directly to the site. Ex: comer posts, plot centres, accident sites.
2. Remote sensing and GIS:
GPS positioning can be integrated into remote sensing methods such as photo grammetry and aerial scanning magnetometers and video technology. The GPS can be linked to a laptop, computer in the field, and with appropriate soft ware users can also have all their data on a common base with every little distortion
3. Surveying/mapping:
The high precision of GPS carrier phase measurement together with appropriate adjustment algorithm provides an adequate tool for a variety of task for surveying and mapping using DGPS method Accurate and timely mapping of almost anything can be carried out.
4. Geodesy:
Geodetic mapping and other control surveys can be carried out effectively using highgrade GPS equipment.
5. Military:
The GPS was primarily developed for real-time military positioning. Military applications include marine and land navigation.
Question 22.
Explain the elements of remote sensing.
Answer:
1. Energy source (A):
The first requirement for remote sensing is to have an energy source that illuminates ’ or provides electromagnetic energy to acquire information of the earth’s surface.
2. Radiation and the Atmosphere (B):
As the energy travels from its source to the target, it will come in contact with and interact with the atmosphere it passes through.
3. Interaction with the target (c):
Once the energy makes its way to the target through the other place, it interacts with the target depending on the properties of both the target and the radiation.
4. Recording of energy by the sensor (D):
After the energy has been scattered by or emitted from the target, we require a sensor to collect and record the electromagnetic radiation.
5. Transmission, Reception, and processing (E):
The energy recorded by the sensor has to be transmitted, often in electronic form, to a receiving and processing station where the data are processed into an image.
6. Interpretation and Analysis (F):
The processed image is interpreted visually and / or digitally or electronically, to extract information about the target which was illuminated.
7. Application (G):
The final element of the remote sensing process is achieved when we apply the information to better understand it and solve a particular problem
Question 23.
Write the importance of remote sensing.
Answer:
Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with it. In remote sensing, the process involves an interaction between incident radiation and the targets of interest. This device can be a camera or a bank of sensors operated from an airplane or a satellite.
Satellite are the main source of data collection for detail study of phenomena related to earth surface. The satellite data is based for mapping, monitoring studying the various phenomena related to earth’s surface, satellite data is better as it gives wide area coverage frequent revisits, high resolution, timely delivery, low labour force and storage in digital format to support GIS technology.