2nd PUC Political Science Model Question Paper 1 with Answers

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Karnataka 2nd PUC Political Science Model Question Paper 1 with Answers

Time: 3.15 Hours
Max Marks: 100

Instructions:

Answer all questions.
Figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Write correct question numbers for your answer.

I. Answer the following questions in one sentences each: ( 10 × 1 = 10 )

Question 1.
Who was the Vice President of Viceroy’s Executive Council?
Answer:
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 2.
When was the State Reorganisation Committee formed?
Answer:
The state Reorganisation Committee formed in 1953.

Question 3.
What is the minimum age of voter in India?
Answer:
18 years.

Question 4.
Expand NOTA.
Answer:
None Of The above.

Question 5.
Who was the first Dalit leader to enter Nasik Kalarama temple?
Answer:
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

Question 6.
When was the Domestic Violence Act enforced?
Answer:
2005.

Question 7.
What is post poll alliance?
Answer:
Coalition government will be formed by the opportunist political leaders after elections it is called post poll alliance.

Question 8.
What is the root word of terrorism?
Answer:
The word Terrorism is derived from the Latin word “Terrere”.

Question 9.
What is meant by Crony capitalism?
Answer:
A close relationships between business people and government officials to get benefit is called crony capitalism.

Question 10.
Who were the signatories of Simla Agreement?
Answer:
Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistan Prime Minister Z.A. Bhutto.

II. Answer any ten of the follow ing in 2 to 3 sentences: ( 10 × 2=20 )

Question 11.
How many state was Punjab divided into? Which are they?
Answer:
Punjab was divided into two states. They are Punjab and Haryana.

Question 12.
What is Central Services? Given an example.
Answer:
A group of officials who are appointed by the Central Government, working and regulated by the central government is called central servies.
Ex.: Indian Railway Services, Indian Foreign Services.

Question 13.
What is “Maryada Hatya”?
Answer:
Elders of family to maintain family respect and values kill their daughters if she married inter caste and inter religious, it is called Maryada Hatya.

Question 14.
What is national integration?
Answer:
A process of uniting the people emotionally, psychologically and politically is called National Integration.

Question 15.
Mention any two coalition partners of National Democratic Alliances.
Answer:

BJP
Shivasena.

Question 16.
What is Common Minimum Programme?
Answer:
The partners of the alliance set aside their political ideologies and accept one programme to run the coalition, it is called Common Minimum Programme.

Question 17.
Mention any two terrorist groups of Afghanistan.
Answer:
Taaliban and Al-Qaeda.

Question 18.
What is a power block? Given an example.
Answer:
After the Second World War two blocks emerged on the basis of democracy and communism, it is called power block.
Ex.: America and USSR.

Question 19.
Name two members states of SAARC.
Answer:
(a) India
(b) Srilanka

Question 20.
Write any two causes for the liberation of Bangladesh.
Answer:

Ignores the interests of East Pakistan,
Not allow Mujibur Rehman to become Prime Minister.

Question 21.
What is “Perestroika” and “Glasnost”?
Answer:
Perestroika means economic rehabilitation and Glasnost means openness in administration.

Question 22.
Write any two principleas of Indian Foreign Policy.
Answer:

Policy of Non-Alignment
Anti-aparthied and racial discrimination.

III. Answer any eight of the following questions in 15-20 sentences each: ( 8 × 5=40 )

Question 23.
Write a short note on Interim Government.
Answer:
The Interim Government of India was formed on 2^nd September 1946. The Constituent Assembly had 389 members. It was drawn from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of India. It has the task of assisting the transition of India and Pakistan from British rule to Independence. It remained until 15^th August 1947, when India became independent. The Constituent Assembly became a sovereign body and performed the role of Legislature for the new state. It was responsible for framing the Constitution and making ordinary laws as well.

Question 24.
Describe the accession of Junaghad, Hyderabad and Kashmir.
Answer:
Junagadh: The Nawab of Junagadh Mohbat Khan declared accession to Pakaistan much against the wishes of the people of the state. They were in favour of joining India. After the declaration of accession, they rose in rebellion against the Nawab. As a result, he fled to Pakistan. A ‘Plebiscite’ was held in which the people voted to accede to Indian Union. Later Junagadh was merged with Saurashtra.

Hyderabad: Hyderabad, the largest of the princely States was surrounded by Indian Territory. Its ruler Nizam wanted an independent status. But the Indian Government felt that an independent Hyderabad would pose security threat. Through his paramilitary force named Razakars, the Nizam ostracized the people. To end this anarchy, the Indian army entered into Hyderabad. This police action is known as ‘Operation Polo’. The Nizam surrendered and it was followed by complete accession of Hyderabad into Indian Union.

Kashmir: Jammu and Kashmir was a Princely State. Its ruler Harisingh was a Hindu and the population was largely Muslims. They did not want to merge with India or Pakistan but have an independent status for the state. In October 1947, Kashmir was invaded by Tribal infiltrators of Pakistan. This forced Maharaja to seek Indian military help. India reacted positively after the merge of Kashm ir into I nd ian Un ion. But sti 11 there is a problem and crisis.

Question 25.
Describe the powers and functions of Election Commission.
Answer:
According to Article 324(1) of Indian Constitution, the powers and functions of the Election Commission of India are as follows:-

It revises and prepares the electoral roll periodically.
It holds elections to the Parliament, State Assemblies, and offices of the President and Vice President.
It announces the elections and issues the time table.
It conducts the by-election to vacant seats and announce the repoll where the elections are disrupted.
It grants recognition to political parties as National and State level parties and also allots the symbols to the parties.
It scrutinizes the nomination papers and empowers to reject the uncompleted nomination papers.
It appoints officers and other staff members to conduct election and make necessary arrangements.
It appoints the observers and micro observers to keep constant eye on the electoral process.
It can undertake the counting process and declare the results. It can also withhold the election results on valid grounds.
It can advice the President or the Governor at the time of disqualification of members of the House.
It enforces the code of conduct for the candidates and political parties with relation to the election expenses and submission of accounts after election.
As per the Representation of Peoples’ Act of 1950 and 1951, Election Commission of India conducts the process of election.

Question 26.
Discuss the features of Civil Service.
Answer:

The features of civil service are as follows: Professional body: Civil service consists of a professional body of officials who are permanent, paid and skilled. It is a whole time job and career service.
Hierarchy: As per the scalar system, each civil servant has to obey his immediate superior, where high ranking administration officer with discretionary powers supervises their subordinates.
Political neutrality: Civil servants always refrain from political activities. They perform their duties without being aligned to any kind of political regime.
Anonymity: Civil servants work behind the screen and remain anonymous even though they work for the government. Recognition for good work or disrepute for any omission goes only to the minister and not to the civil servants.
Impartiality: The civil servants have to apply the laws of the state while performing the duties without showing any favour, bias or preference to any groups or sections of society.
Service motto: They have to work for the welfare of the society. They must be humble and service minded towards the public.
Permanent: Civil servants are called the permanent executive. They discharge duties till they attain the age of superannuation.
Jurisdiction of law: Every civil servant has to function within the prescribed jurisdiction of law. If he crosses the limit, he is met with disciplinary action.
Special training: Once the candidates are selected for civil service, they are deputed to in-service training to acquire special skills in administration.

Question 27.
What are the powers and functions of Union Public Service Commission?
Answer:
Functions: Article 320 of the Indian Constitution enumerates the functions of the UPSC :

To conduct examinations for appointment to the services of the Union and All India Service.
To assist two or more states, on request for joint recruitment for any services.
To advise the government on matters relating to the methods of recruitment, promotions, transfers, disciplinary actions and inter service matters.
To present annual report regarding its working to the President.
To exercise such additional functions as ivided by an act of Parliament.
To serve all or any needs of the State Government on request by the Governor and with the approval of the President.

Question 28.
What are the main causes for Peasants Movements?
Answer:
The causes for Peasant Movement:

(a) Feeling of deprivation: Peasants are deprived of the facilities when compared to organized sectors like industry. They face problems like shortage of quality seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, lack of adequate price and support price waiving of loans, subsidies for agricultural implements, insurance for crops, etc.

(b) Negligence of farmers problem: The previous governments have neglected the interests of farmers. In this behalf Bengal Government banned the Blue Crop and acquired farmers’ lands and also imposed heavy taxes.

(c) Unbearable debts: Peasants raise loans from banks and financial Institutions but they are not in a position to repay it for reasons like market fluctuation, the tactics of brokers, etc. This leads to unbearable debts and they commit suicide.

(d) Natural calamity: Peasants depend more on monsoon which are usually irregular. Hence it is popularly known as ’Indian agriculture is playing gamble with monsoons”. As a result, floods and famine, diseases to crops, soil erosion leads to infertility of the soil.

(e) Unscientific land acquisition: In the wake of urbanisation and industrialization, the Governments are acquiring cultivable lands of farmers. Many a time, proper compensation is not given and they are not provided with alternative. As a result they become landless and unemployed.

(f) Support price: Amidst innumerable problems, farmers do not get adequate price to their produce. At that time the Government has to intervene and announce support price to the farmers produce. When the Government fails to do so, they intensify agitation.

All the above facts are the main causes for Peasant Movement.

Question 29.
Discuss the political implications of Labour movement?
Answer:
To meet the demands of labourers and to provide benefits, the Government has taken certain constitutional measures. They are:

(a) Part IV of the Indian Constitution which deals.with the Directive Principles of State Policy directs State Governments , to adopt socialist measures like equal pay for equal work for both men and women, to provide leave facilities for pregnant women for both prenatal and postnatal care. The concurrent list empowers the Governments to legislate on the workers welfare.

(b) The Government of India enforced certain laws for the improvement of labourers. The Labour Laws of 1970 have fixed the wages of workers appointed on contract basis. Workmen Compensation Act of 1923, Salary Payment Act of 1936, Weekly Holidays Act of 1942, Minimum Wages Act of 1948, Employees State Insurance Act of 1948, Employees Provident Fund Act of 1952, Bonus Act of 1965 are the other laws implemented for the benefit of labourers.

Question 30.
What are the causes of caste based inequality?
Answer:
Causes for caste based inequality:

(a) Varnashrama system: Since ancient period Varna system is prevalent. It is based on their profession as Brahmin. Kshatriya, Vysya and Shudras. Gradually it was converted into caste based discrimination by the law of Manu. Later on inequality prevailed in Hindu Society.

(b) Social distance: Due to lack of mobility among different castes, culture, traditions, folkways, food habits, social relations social distance is in great extent in Indian society. Finally it leads to strong caste bias among them.

(c) Illiteracy and conservatism: Illiteracy and ignorance among the people make them conservative, it motivates them to be narrow minded and superstitious. They believe in old customs and traditions. They oppose strongly to any change in society.

(d) Sense of prestige: The strong desire of the people belonging to a particular caste enhances the prestige of their own, to get benefits and privileges from the society. Other castes which are neglected and unprivileged will suffer from social status.

(e) Marriage restrictions: In this closed society, only endogamous marriages are accepted. Elders do not honor marriages fixed outside the sub-sect. In such a situation strong caste feeling develops and leads to inequality.

Question 31.
Explain the organisation and functions of Lokayukta.
Answer:
Organisation: Lokayukta Institution was came into force in Karnataka in 1984. It comprises 3 members, one is Lokayukta and two are the Upa Lokayuktas. Retired Judge of Supreme Court or Chief Justice of High Court is appointed as Lokayukta and retired Judge of High Court is Upa Lokayukta.

The Governor appoints the Lokayukta with the consultation of committee consisting of Chief Minister, Chief Justice of High Court, Speaker of Assembly, Chairman of the Council and Leaders of Opposition. The Lokayukta is appointed for 5 years and removed from the office by the Governor on the charge of misbehavior or incapability proved in-the State Legislature by 2/3rd majority.

The powers and functions of Lokayukta are as follows:

Lokayukta receives complaints and allegations from any person against the corrupted officials.
Lokayukta can proceeds to investigate on a prima facie consideration. If it is satisfied that a criminal offence has been committed, it may initiate prosecution.
Lokayukta may investigate any action taken by the public servant if it is referred by the state government.
Lokayukta has extensive powers of raids, searches, seizure of documents, properties, jewellery, cash, etc. which are unaccounted.
In the process of investigation, Lokayukta deals with the issue of search warrant.

Question 32.
What are the causes for the raise of identity politics?
Answer:
Identity politics is defined by one’s own identity based on race, ethnicity, gender, language religion. It is the politics of recognition and a movement to claim recognition. A person may have multiple identities but he perceives only a single identity at a time.

Movements of lesbians, black civil rights, wave of feminists etc., have brought legitimacy to identity politics.

Causes for the rise of identity politics are as follows:

Maladministration leads to the poor economic growth of a particular region or geographical backwardness of the people of a particular ethnic identity.
The rise of regional parties has created the local awareness of language or region.
Extreme poverty, exploitation, lack of opportunity and threat to existing group privileges to the ethnic groups.
Ethnic groups’ fear of assimilation resulting in cultural dilution.
Rise in standard of living, literacy and aspiration, socio-political awareness have led to identity politics.
Lack of share in natural resources, fear of loss of land, political power and economic growth.
Fear of losing scope in educational and employment fields.
Fear of losing ethnic identities like language and culture.

Question 33.
What are the principles of United Nations Organisations?
Answer:
The objectives of UN are incorporated in Article 1 of the UN Charter. They are:

To maintain international peace and security.
To develop friendly relations among the nations.
To seek co-operation in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems.
To co-operate in promoting respect for human rights.
To maintain freedom for all without discrimination on the basis of race, sex, languages or religion.

Question 34.
Write about Non Alignment Policy of India.
Answer:
The most important principle of Indian foreign policy is Non-Alignment. It means detachment from any military bloc and solving all international problems through mutual co-operation and peaceful methods. After the 11 World War, the world was divided into two military blocs, one led by USA and another by USSR. Many countries of ‘ the world became the allies of these two military blocs. But India was not aligned to any of the military blocs. India was the first country to speak of non alignment and major contributor to the emergence of Non Alignment Movement. India, Yugoslavia, Indonesia, Egypt and Ghana were the original supporters of the movement.

IV. Answer any two of the following questions in 30 to 40 sentences: ( 2 × 10 = 20 )

Question 35.
Explain the functions of political party.
Answer:
Political parties are essential in the democratic system. Without political parties democratic government cannot work successfully. In fact they are indispensable to democracy. Democracy and political parties are inseparable. Political parties perform very vital functions in the democratic process. They are as follows:

(a) To formulate the party programme: In formulating its programmes or policies, every political party tries to keep in view its own ideology, aims and objectives. It then publishes its manifesto on the eve of the elections. Political parties ensure that all sections of the party throughout their ranks, propagate and support them. It then appeals to a large number of voters as possible.

(b) To propagate the party programme and educate the people: Political parties impart political education to the people and make them to realize their responsibilities. The ideologies along with the previous achievements are highlighted to attract the voters during the electioneering.

(c) To win elections and capture power: This is their main objective. To achieve this objective all political parties field their candidates for the elections and undertake to support by campaigning. It is by this process that almost all the political parties have been consumed by the craze for power.

(d) Formation of government: After the declaration of the results, the party which secures majority forms the Government. The administration is carried on in accordance with the mandatory provisions of the Constitution.

(e) Acts as opposition party: The political part which fails to secure majority in the election act as an opposition party. It act as constructive opposition against the bad policies and programs of the government.

(f) Public opinion and policy: As in all democracies, Indian political parties function like brokers of ideas. They play an active role in moulding public opinion by making use of the publicity media. They present different policy alternatives to the problems confronting the nation.

Question 36.
Describe the hindrances and remedial measures to eliminate nation building.
Answer:
The hindrances of Nation Building are as follows:

(a) Poverty: Large sections of our society belong to the below poverty line. They are denied access to good health, sanitation facilities and basic infrastructure and are unable to cope up with the national development.

(b) Population explosion: India is a second largest populous countiy in the world. Though human resource is essential, it is not properly utilized to strengthen the nation. Population explosion has led to unemployment, shortage of shelter, food and other basic amenities.

(c) Regional imbalance: All the states of our country are not evenly developed. The natural resources are not equally distributed. This leads to separatist tendencies that curbs national development.

(d) Social and political disturbances: In India social and political disturbances . have become common in recent years causing tension. Some states are communally sensitive areas. The interstate disputes are in. the great extent at present. Hence these issues have affected nation’s march towards development.

(e) Political crisis: The coalition politics and the emergence of too many political parties, regional and sectarian feelings have created political crisis on many occasions. The vested interests have prevented the Parliament and State Legislatures to enact necessary laws for the development of nation.

Remedies for the Nation Building:

(a) Political stability: The Government elected by the people has to continue for the full term so as to adopt and implement the policies for development. Frequent changes in government result in slow development and political uncertainty. So in order to maintain political stability, there should be full term of government.

(b) Selection of priorities: The Government has to choose the areas of priority necessary for Nation Building. These priorities are to be decided on the basis of the needs of the people. Infrastructure, education, transport, employment, agriculture, industries and health services may be accorded priorities for national development.

(c) Effective implementation of plans: Since April 2012, 12th Five year plan is under progress. To fill the gap of the previous plans, it is aimed at channelizing the sources and implementing effectively.

(d) Mixed economy: Public, and private partnership not only strengthens the economy but also contributes for its sustenance. The contribution of the private enterprises has been phenomenal in the economic front by generating the employment and thus contributed for economic progress.

(e) Implementation of directive principles of state policy: Part IV of the Indian Constitution emphasizes the establishment of socio-economic democracy through the adoption of revolutionary policies.

Question 37.
Explain the importance of globalization and its political implications.
Answer:
Globalization is the process of integrating the economy of the country with world . economy. It is a movement towards greater interaction, integration and interdependence among people and organization across borders. The strongest manifestation of globalization has been the increasing economic integration among countries in trade and investment.

The importance of globalization is as follows:

Efficiency : Globalisation focuses on the best quality of services and goods. It encourages the global trade and commerce. It increases competitive nature which makes firms more efficient.
Transformation of technology : Through this technology, improvements are made all over the world. As a result. all countries can reap the benefits of improved technology by enhancement in income and increase in jobs.
A global village : The concept of global village mainly brings a feeling of oneness among the citizens of the world. Contacts are made easily accessible through technology and communication.
Mobility of labour force: It allows free movement of people in search of jobs or getting education at global level. Hence mobility is made simple and easy.
Emerging global competition : Global competition is emerging as a result of growing skill and techniques. The world is looking for better opportunities and performance at competitive rates,
(f) Outsourcing : This is an important outcome of the globalization process. In outsourcing, a company hires regular service from external sources and from other countries.

The political implications of globalization are as follows :

Power subjugation : The effects of I . globalization brought lots of changes in the world economy. For small countries it is inevitable to accept the economic decisions of big; countries, which leads to power subjugation.
Affects the sovereignty : As a result of globalization in the fields of economy, trade, transportation, etc. the sovereign countries are bound by the decisions of strong countries. Hence it affects the sovereignty of a country in totality.
Cultural invasion : Culture is a complex thing and exclusive to each country. The influence of globalization in the name of cultural exchange not only invades but also degenerates the youth who are the architects of the future.
Enslavement of lifestyle : Globalization has largely affected the younger generation. Food habits, general behavior, mutual relationships, respect to elders, human values and ultimately the whole generation has become slave in the clutches of globalization.
Elimination of subsidies : The major impact of globalization is the curtailment of subsidies to all sectors including agriculture in a phased manner. The worst-hit are the peasants who are the backbone of the country.
Political instability : The impact of globalization mainly is economic depression, boom or even recession which directly affects the political stability of a country. Hence development comes to a standstill.

Question 38.
Define International relations and its importance.
Answer:
Importance of the International Relations:

The study of international relations enables us to understand the basic policies and principles which contribute to the international sphere.
It provides concrete solutions for international problems by means of dialogues, bilateral, multilateral, mutual co-operation and the like.
It substitutes internationalism to narrow nationalism which delimits the boundaries of states.
It avoids war, military actions or alliances and international conflicts.
It considers the acceptance of the principles of collective security and disarmament, world peace and progress.
It creates global feeling among the citizens of the world and promotes universal brotherhood.

V. Answer any two of the following questions in IS to 20 sentences: ( 2 × 5 = 10 )

Question 39.
Prepare a report on “Karnataka Rajyotsava” celebration in your college. (July 2018)
Answer:
November 1st, every year is a great day. After independence there were more than 500 provinces in India ruled by rebellious Kings and Nawabs. Sardar Patel persuaded , them to form state according to their native language. In that way Kannada speaking people residing in area called Kannada Nadu or Mysore State which was only 9 or 10 districts then came to be formed. Later other areas were also added. Now 29 districts are there. In 1973 November 1st Mysore was renamed to Karnataka.

From the day onwards every November 1 sf Rajyotsava is celebrated . This is an official programme. Every school and’ college in Karnataka celebrate this function. In Bangalore, capital of the state, the celebration extends for the whole month In colleges , students celebrate with photo of Goddess Bhuvaneshwari. Kannada flag (yellow-red) will be hoisted and cultural programmes will be conducted. After distribution of sweets function will come to an end.

Explain the importance of liberalisation.
Answer:
under the heading ‘Importance of liberalisation Liberalisation believes in ‘free market economy’. Therefore, it implies the gradual reduction of government control.This means the abolition of a licence- raj. It results in the removal of red-tape, procedural delay and bureaucratic regulation of economic activities.

(b) Liberalisation lays the foundations for multiplication of business, trade and commerce. In a free market economy, diversification of business, trade and organisation takes place.

(c) As there is expansion of business and as more and more capital is injected into the economy, the use of technology and automation becomes necessary. This helps in mechanization of work and computerization of administrative processes. Efficiency and economy are ensured.

(d) Under the process of liberalization, the consumer is benefitted in many ways. There is a wider choice of goods and services. There is a great improvement in quality of goods and after-sales services.

(e) Liberalisation introduces a competitive market system. In every matter there is free competition. To the extent such competition is regulated by the government, the competition is healthy. This ensures not only better standards of goods and services, but also reasonable prices.

(e) Finally, liberalization in the long-run brings about economic growth and progress of the nation. Of course, there must be adequate, planned and goal oriented governmental regulation.

The political implications of liberalization are as follows :

In the name of liberalized policy, citizens knock at the door of international opportunities with their knowledge and skill. The developing nations face lots of problems from such as brain drain.
As the process itself is capital intensive, it reduces dependency on labour and cuts opportunities for jobs.
The incessant industrial activity at the global level generates lot of wastage leading to environmental degradation.
The price of certain commodities like life saving drugs, fertilizers, etc. are automatically controlled by the world trade forums and associations.
It affects the common man in his day to day life as he finds it difficult to earn his livelihood.
Flexibility of monetary and fiscal policies of the government may lead to financial crisis like recession and depression.

Question 40.
Write about disintegration of USSR and bilateral relations in Indo-Russian relation.
Answer:
Disintegration of Soviet Union: In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev, the President of USSR introduced economic and political reforms of Terestroika (restructuring ) and Glasnost’(openness). That stopped the arms race with US, withdrew Soviet troops from Afghanistan, helped the unification of Germany, ended the cold war.

Other weaknesses inherent in the Soviet Union led to the disintegration of USSR and formation of 15 new countries in 1991. India recognized all of them as Sovereign states and established new diplomatic relations. Ten of them joined together to form a new associations with Russia called (CIS) (Commonwealth of Independent States).

Bilateral relations: The new leadership in Russia and other Republics of the erstwhile Soviet Union hold India in high regard due to India’s secular approach to politics, its stable democratic system of assuring rights and equality to all its citizens, self reliant industrial and economic base and its genuine concern for vital global issues e.g. peace, disarmament, economic development, human rights and democratization of international organization particularly of the UN and its agencies.

Russia continues its support to India to become a permanent member in UN Security Council. India and Russia both have multi faceted relationship involving strategic and high level co-operation. The process of bilateral annual summits has given great impetus to bilateral relations. Indo-Russia co-operation has continued to move stronger on the basis mutual interest, faith, friendship and past relations.

Write a note on any one Karnataka political leader.
Answer:
Sri Siddharamaiah: Sri Siddaramaiah is acknowledged as the leader of the backward class and minorities in the Karnataka social . strata. He was bom on 12th August 1948 and was the 22nd Chief Minister of Karnataka from 2013 to 2018. He was the first Chief Minister to complete a full 5 year term, in the top post in Karnataka in 40 years. Siddaramaiah was a member of various Janata Parivar factions for several years. Earlier as a Janatha Dal (Secular) leader, he was Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka on two occasions. On 13th May 2013 he was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Karnataka.

Siddaramaiah is also regarded as the leader of ‘ Ahinda’. His programmes are most popular and familar with relates to the sections of Below Poverty Live. During the time of his rule as a Chief Minister, his main popular programmes are Anna Bhagya, Ksheera Bhagya, Shaadi Bhagya, Mythri Bhagya, Indira Canteen, Arogya Bhagya, etc. Still he remained as a unquestionable leader in Indian National Congress.