2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 3 Administrative Machinery in India

Students can Download 2nd PUC Political Science Chapter 3 Administrative Machinery in India Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, 2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and to clear all their doubts, score well in final exams.

Karnataka 2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 3 Administrative Machinery in India

2nd PUC Political Science Administrative Machinery in India Text Book Questions and Answers

I. One Mark Questions:

Question 1.
What is the meaning of Administration?
Answer:
Administration is the organisation and direction of the men and material resources to achieve desired ends.

Question 2.
What is root word of the term Administration?
Answer:
The root word of ‘Administration’ is from the latin words Ad and Ministrare. ‘Ad’ means ‘the public’ and ‘Ministrare’ means ‘to serve’.

Question 3.
Who is the head of the Central Administration?
Answer:
The Cabinet secretary.

Question 4.
Who is the head of the State Administration?
Answer:
The Principal secretary.

Question 5.
Who is the head of the District Administration?
Answer:
Deputy Commissioner (DC).

Question 6.
Expand CAT?
Answer:
Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT).

Question 7.
Expand KAT?
Answer:
Karnataka Administrative1 Tribunal. (KAT).

Question 8.
Expand UPSC?
Answer:
Union Public Service Commission.

Question 9.
Expand KPSC?
Answer:
Karnataka Public Service Commission.

Question 10.
Expand JPSC?
Answer:
Joint Public Service Commission.

Question 11.
Expand IAS?
Answer:
Indian Administrative Service.

Question 12.
Expand IPS?
Answer:
Indian Police Service.

Question 13.
Expand KAS?
Answer:
Karnataka Administrative Service.

Question 14.
What is the age of retirement of the Chairman of UPSC?
Answer:
65 years.

Question 15.
Who appoints the Chairman and members of UPSC?
Answer:
The President of India.

Question 16.
Who appoints the Chairman and Members of KPSC?
Answer:
The Governor of Karnataka.

Question 17.
What is the age of retirement of the chairman of KPSC?
Answer:
62 years.

Question 18.
Give an example of state services.
Answer:
Karnataka Forest Service.

Question 19.
Which Article provides for All India Services?
Answer:
Article 312.

Question 20.
Give an example of All India Services.
Answer:
Indian Police Service.

Question 21.
Where is Lai Bahadur Shastri Academy of Administration?
Answer:
Mussourie.

Question 22.
Where is the Sardar VallabhBhai Patel Police Academy?
Answer:
Hyderabad.

Question 23.
Give an example of Central Services.
Answer:
Indian Foreign Service.

Question 24.
Name the classification of Civil Services.
Answer:

All india service.
Central Services.
State Services.

Question 25.
What is District administration?
Answer:
District Administration is the primary administrative unit of the state.

Question 26.
What is the Tenure of office of a member of UPSC?
Answer:
6 years or till he/she attains the age of 65.

Question 27.
Which is called the fourth organ of the government?
Answer:
Trusteeship council.

Question 28.
How many members are there in UPSC?
Answer:
10 members.

Question 29.
What is the tenure of office of a member of KPSC?
Answer:
6 yrs or till he attains the age of 62 years.

II. Two Marks Questions.

Question 1.
Define Civil Service.
Answer:
Civil service means administrative service of the state. The personnel of civil services are selected by holding competitive examinations. The civil service is subordinate to the political executive and receives orders from the latter and works under if control. The civil services virtually carry out the Administration. ‘Civil service is a regulated administrative system organised as a service of interrelated officers E. A Gladelen.

Question 2.
Name the classification of civil services.
Answer:

All India Services:
- Indian Administrative services (IAS)
- Indian Police services (IPS)
- Indian Forest Services (IFS)
Central Services:
- Indian Foreign Service.
- Indian Revenue Service.
- Indian Railway service.
State service:
- Karnataka Administrative Services (KAS)
- Karnataka State Police Services (KSPS)
- Karnataka Engineering Services (KES).

Other Services:
Central, State and District Administrative Services.

Question 3.
Give any two examples of central services.
Answer:

Indian Administrative Service.
India Police Service.

Question 4.
Mention any two features of civil services.
Answer:

Political Neutrality.
Anonymity.

Question 5.
What is political neutrality?
Answer:
Civil servants refrain from political activities. They perform their duties without being aligned to any kind of political regime.

Question 6.
Name two functions of UPSC.
Answer:

To conduct examinations for appointment of the services of the Union and All Indian Services.
To assist two or more states, on request for joint recruitment for any services.

Question 7.
Name two functions of KPSC.
Answer:

To conduct competitive examinations for the recruitment of candidates to state services.
To conduct departmental examinations.

Question 8.
What is the hierarchy in civil service?
Answer:
As per the scalar system, each civil servant has to obey his immediate superior, where high ranking administrative officer with discretionary powers supervises their subordinates. The authority rims from above and helps to make administration stable.

Question 9.
What is Anonymity in civil service?
Answer:
Civil servants work behind the screen and remain anonymous even though they work for the government. Recognition for good work or disrepute for any emission goes only to the minister and not to the civil servants.

Question 10.
Mention any two functions of the Chief Secretary.
Answer:

He is the principal adviser to the Chief Minister.
He acts as the cabinet secretary and the only person who attends the cabinet meeting.

Question 11.
What is the procedure for the removal of members of UPSC?
Answer:
The Chairman and members of the UPSC, can be removed from the office only by an order of the president on the ground of misbehaviour, proved by SupremeCourt. Act these provisions have been made to make the commission an independent and impartial body.

Question 12.
Mention any two functions 6f Deputy Commissioner.
Answer:

Law and order and magisterial powers.
Revenue functions.

Question 13.
Name any two government departments.
Answer:

Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms (DPAR)
Home and Transport.

Question 14.
What are the two responsibilities of the Secretariat?
Answer:

Formulating and modifying legislation from time to time.
Planning and budget formulation.

Question 15.
What is the department?
Answer:
The secretariat is divided into a number of administrative departments. Eg:

Education Department.
Energy Department.

Question 16.
What is a wing?
Answer:
Depending upon the volume of work in a ministry, one or more wings can be set-up. An Additional Secretary or Joint Secretary is in change of a wing. He is given independent charge, subject to the overall responsibility of Secretary.

Question 17.
What is All India Services?
Answer:
The Indian constitution under part XIV, Article 3rd has the provisions for All India Ser-vices, for union and states. All India Services ensure uniformly high standards of administration in all states in key activity to provide for interchange of experience between the centre and states.

Question 18.
What are the qualifications to be the member of UPSC?
Answer:
The members of the UPSC are administrators with a minimum of 10 years experience in government service.

III. Five Marks Questions.

Question 1.
Explain the role of Administration.
Answer:
Public Administration in a modem state constitutes the implementation of public policy, the end product of politics. It is the agency of the people. Administration is the science of modem. The following features (roles) of Public Administration in contemporary society as listed by Gerald Gaiden (1971) are.

Preservation of the polity.
Maintenence of stability and order.
Institutionalization of socio-economic change.
Management of large scale commercial sciences.
Ensuring growth of economic development.
protection of the Weaker sections of society.
Formation of Public opinion.
Influencing public policies and political trends.

Question 2.
Discuss the features of Civil Services.
Answer:
Features of Civil Services:
1. Professional Body:
Civil services consists if a professional body of officials who are of permanent, paid and skilled. It is a whole job and carrier service. “As Herman Finer puts it, civil service is a professional body of officials, permanent, paid and skilled”.

2. Political Neutrality:
Civil servants refrain always from politi¬cal activities. They perform their duties without being aligned to any kind of political regime.

3. Hierarchy:
As per the scalar system, each civil servant has to obey his immediate superior, where higher-ranking administrative officer with discretionary powers supervises their subordinates. The authority runs from above and helps to make administration stable.

4. Anonymity:
Civil servants work behind the screen of anonymity even though they work for the government Recognition for good work or disrepute for any omission goes only to the minister and not to the civil servants.

5. Impartiality:
The civil servants have to apply the laws of the state while performing the duties without showing any favour, bias or preference to any groups or section of society.

6. Service motto:
They have to work for the welfare of the society, they must be humble and service minded towards the public and not authoritative.

7. Permanent:
Civil servants are called the permanent executive. They discharge duties till they attain the age of superannuation. Both at the central and in Karnataka or any state service, the age of retirement is sixty years. Even though disciplinary action is taken as per ruels, there is security of service.

8. Jurisdiction of Law:
Every civil servant has to function within the prescribed jurisdiction of the law. If he crosses the limit, he is met with disciplinary action.

9. Special Training:
Once the candidates are selected for top civil services, they are deputed to in Service training to acquire special skills in Administration eg: Lai Bahadur shastry Academy of Administration located in Mussoorie for the training of the newly appointed IAS officers. The Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel police academy located in Hyderabad Frains the newly appointed IPS officers.

Question 3.
Write a note on AD India Services.
Answer:
All India Services:
The constitution of India which came into effect on 2nd January 1950, deals with the ser-vices under part XTV, Article 312 has the provisions for the creation of All India Services, for Union and States. The All India Services play the most im-portant role in civil services which are required on all India basis and can be posted both at centre and in the state.
Presently India has three All India Services.

Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
Indian Police services (IPS)
Indian Forest Services (IFS)

These services are called as All Indian Services as they belong both to the central and state Governments. The services of these officers could be utilized by both the centre and state Governments and they can be transferred from central to state governments vice-versa. In 1957 the Parliament created the Indian Civil Services Act empowering the Union Government in consultation with the state Governments.

This act provided for the regulation of services of persons appointed to, the All India Services. Article 312(i) of the Indian constitution states that, Rajyasabha intiates.a resolution supported by not less than 2/3 of the members present and voting. If necessary, in the interest of the nation, Parliament may by law provide for the creation of one or more All India Services.

Question 4.
Write a note on Central Services.
Answer:
The Union of Indian states requires division of powers. Subjects mentioned in the union list are to be managed by a seperate body of officials under central service. Article 312 of the constitution empowers the Parliament to create central services. The official appointed to these services come under the exclusive control of the central Government. The central services are classified into elass-I, class-II, class-III, class-IV. Some of the central services are;

Indian Foreign Services.
Indian Audit & Accounts Services
Indian Revenue Services.
Indian Railway Services.
Indian Defence Services.
Indian Information Services.
Indian, Postal Services.
Indian Engineering Services.
Indian Economic Services etc.

Question 5.
Write a note on State Services.
Answer:
State Services:
Art 309 provides for the creation of state services. These services have to manage the subjects Med in the state list. There are several subjects such as police administration, sales tax, land revenue, forests, education, medical services etc. The services which, administer these services are recruited by the states.

The mode and methods of recruitment, service conditions, pay and allowances are not uniform and differ from state to state. Since the State Governments are entrusted with the responsibility of implementing the policies of the union they need a body of competent officers. They function under the control of State Governments.
The state services have been classified into,

Class I – Gazetted officers
Class II – Gazetted officers
Class III – Clerical staff
Class IV – Attendees and peons.

The state services in Karnataka are,

Karnataka Administrative Services (KAS)
Karnataka State Police Services (KSPS)
Karnataka Forest services (KFS)
Karnataka Engineering Services (ICES).
Karnataka Educational Services.
Karnataka Sales tax Services.
Karnataka Co-operative Services.
Karnataka Audit and Account Services.
Karnataka Excise Services.
Karnataka Food and Civil Services.

Question 6.
Explain the role of Cabinet Secretary in the Central Government.
Answer:
Cabinet Secretary:
He/She is from the senior-most officers of IAS. He / She functions under the leader¬ship of the prime minister of India, at the political level and cabinet level.
Role of Cabinet Secretary:

To provide assistance to the council of ministers deals primarily with the cabinet ministers. He functions with the help of secretaries in charge of different ministries and departments.
He is the head of Civil Service: He ensures the morale of civil servants. Acts a bridge between political executives and civil servants, to protect the interests of the civil servants, in case of conflicts.
He/She attends all meetings of the cabinet and cabinet committees.
He draws up minutes at cabinet meetings which contain decisions taken by the respective cabinets. Cabinet secretary follows the code of secrecy. He has to implement the decisions taken by the cabinet properly.
Cabinet Secretary acts as the eyes and ears of the prime minister to keep in touch with the process of official business in the government.
He along with other civil servants provides an element of stability and continuity to the administration when the P.M. resigns. At this juncture, the services of the cabinet secretary are of immense value. He advises the President and the caretaker P.M.
The cabinet secretary is the senior-most civil servant of the country. The official warrant of precedent gives him the first place among the civil servants.

Question 7.
Write a note on Central Secretariat.
Answer:
Secretariat means office of Secretaries. The administrative machinery of the Governments of India is divided into ministry and Departments which constitute the Central Secretariat. For efficient discharge of business allowed to a ministry, it is divided into various Departments, Wings, Divisions, Branches and Sections.

The Central Secretariat
Department (Secretary)
Wing / (Additional / Joint Secretary)
Division (Deputy Secretary)
Branch (under Secretary)
Section (Section officer)

1. Department:
The central secretariat is the primary link of ministry. A single ministry may have several departments.
Eg:

Human Resource Development Department
Department of Higher Education etc.

He reaches superannuation at the age of 65 years. The secretaries enjoy longer tenure as the administrative head of his ministry even if the political leadership of the ministry changes due to occasional reshuffles or loss of power.

2. Wing:
Wings are set up depending upon the volume of work in a ministry, An Additional Secretary or Joint Secretary is incharge of a wing. He is given an independent charge, subject to the overall responsibility of the cabinet secretary.

3. Division:
A wing of the ministry is then divided into divisions for the sake of efficient and expeditious disposal of business allocated to the ministry. Two branches ordinarily constitute a division which is normally under the shape of an Under Secretary.

4. Branch:
A branch consists of two sections and is under the charge of an Under Secretary. He is also called Branch officer.

5. Section:
A section is headed by a Section Officer, section consists of Assistants, Upper Division Clerks and Lower Division Clerks. The initial handling of cases, noting and drafting is carried on by these assistants.

Question 8.
Explain the structure of State Administration.
Answer:
Structure of State Administration:
The structure of state Administration consists of

Governor
chief minister
Council of ministers and secretaries to the ministers

State secretariat:
For Administrative convenience, the structure of the state Govt is divided into many departments. A ministry may consist of two or more departments. A minister is in charge of all of them and he is the political head. Principal secretary, a carrier civil servant is an administrative head. The secretariat is located in the state capital and consists of ministers, secretaries, departments and sections.

The secretariat is the highest office of the Govt. It is the principal executive instrument. The Secretariat ensures “objectivity, continuity and consistency” in the administration. It is the main authority to frame rules and principles of procedure for the functioning of the Govt. The primary responsibility of the secretariat is to assist the state ministers in the following matters.

Formulating and modifying legislation from time to time.
Planning and Budget formulation.
Co-ordinate with the centre and other states.
Promoting organizational competency.
Answering questions in the Assembly. The Secretariat is divided into a number

of Administrative depts. It consists of Principal Secretary, Secretary, Joint Secretary, Deputy Secretary and Under Secretary. The number of secretariat departments differs from state to state. Some common departments are,

Dept of personal and Administrative Reforms (DPAR).
Home and Transport.
Finance and planning.
Education.
Revenue and excise.
Public works department (PWD).
Forests.
Energy.
Agriculture.
Co-operation.
Labour and Employment.
Food and civil supplies.
Rural Development and panchayath Raj (RDPR).
Law and parliamentary affairs.
Social welfare etc.

Chief Secretary is the head of the state secretariat.

Question 9.
Write a note on Chief Secretary.
Answer:
Chief Secretary:
Chief Secretary is the head of the state secretariat. He is incharge of the administration. He is the authority of all the departments of the secretariate. His experience and understanding enable him to ease out difficulties and frictions and to give general guidance to other officers.

He offers leadership to the administrative system of the state. He maintains rapport between the state government and the union government and other state governments. The functions of the Chief Secretary are:

As the principal adviser to the chief minister.
Acts as the cabinet secretary and the only person to attend the cabinet meeting.
Exercise general supervision and control over the entire secretariat.
Looks after all matters beyond the purview of other secretaries.
He is chief of all the secretaries. He presides over a large number of committees and is a member of many others.
He is the secretary by rotation if the zonal council of which the state is a member.
He has control over the staff attached to the ministers.
He is the bridge between the state and central or other state Governments.
He receives confidential communication from the Govt of India and conveys them to the chief minister. He plays a significant role as the head of the administrative machinery and is the chief of state civil service, mentor and conscience keeper of civil servants.

Question 10.
What are the five functions of Deputy Commissioner?
Answer:
Functions of the Deputy Commissioner:
He is the head of District Administration. He acts as District Magistrate, Superintendent of police (SP), District Treasury Officer, Deputy Director of P.U. Education, Social Welfare Officer, Deputy Director of Public Instruction, District Medical Officer, Deputy Registrar.
1. Law and order and Magisterial powers:
Deputy commissioner also enjoys magisterial powers. Being the District Magistrate, he maintains law and order and performs other judicial functions in the district.

2. Revenue functions:
It includes maintenance of land records and its assessment, collection of land revenue and other public dues and settlement of land disputes. Assistant commissioners and Tahsildars work under the overall supervision and control of the Deputy Commissioner.

3. Development functions:
It includes Public Health, Education, Rural Development, Social welfare (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) and welfare of Backward Classes and minorities and protection of weaker sections of the society.

4. Regulatory functions:
It includes control, regulation and distribution of food and civil supplies and essential commodities. He also controls the matters relating to excise, stamps and registration.

5. Electoral Functions:
Deputy Commissioner is the District Election Officer and he is incharge of elections to parliament, state legislature and Ideal bodies.

Question 11.
Write the composition of tile UPSC.
Answer:
Article 315 provides for the establishment of the union public service commission. UPSC is an independent constitutional body. It recruits civil servants on the basis of merit.
1. Composition:
UPSC is composed of a Chairman and 10 members. They are appointed by the President. One and half of the members of the commission are administrators with a minimum of 10 years experience in Government service. The required qualifications of the members of UPSC are not specified.

2. Tenue:
A member of UPSC hold office for a period of 6 yrs or till he attains the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. Chairman or members of the commission are not eligible for re-appointment after retirement. The chairman of the UPSC is also not eligible for further employment under central or state Government, However, a member of the UPSC may be appointed as a chairman of the UPSC or of the State Public Service Commission.

3. Removal:
Only by the order of the President, a chairman or member can be removed, on the grounds of misbehavior, provide by Supreme Court.

Question 12.
Write a note on the composition of the KPSC.
Answer:
Karnataka Public Service Commission (KPSC).
Composition:
The Indian Constitution has made provisions for the establishment of a public service commission in all the states of India. So the KPSC was setup, which consists of a chairman and members determined by the Governor of the state from time to time.

At least half the members of the commission should have administrative experience with a minimum of 10 years service of the state. The remaining members must be persons representing varied interests of the community. At present, there is a chairman and nine members.

The chairman and members are appointed by the Governor, on the recommendations of the state cabinet. They are appointed for a period of six years or till the age of 62 yrs whichever is earlier. The members of the KPSC are not eligible for reappointment to hold office in the KPSC after retirement.

IV. Ten Marks Questions.

Question 1.
Explain the meaning and features of Civil Services in India.
Answer:
Civil service means administrative service of the state. The personnel of civil services are selected by holding competitive examinations. The civil service is subordinate to the political executive and receives orders from the latter and works under if control. The civil services virtually carry out the Administration. ‘Civil service is a regulated administrative system organised as a service of interrelated officers E. A Gladelen.

All India Services:
- Indian Administrative services (IAS)
- Indian Police services (IPS)
- Indian Forest Services (IFS)
Central Services:
- Indian Foreign Service.
- Indian Revenue Service.
- Indian Railway service.
State service:
- Karnataka Administrative Services (KAS)
- Karnataka State Police Services (KSPS)
- Karnataka Engineering Services (KES).

Other Services:
Central, State and District Administrative Services.

Question 2.
Discuss the Central Administration.
Answer:
The Union of Indian states requires division of powers. Subjects mentioned in the union list are to be managed by a separate body of officials under central service. Article 312 of the constitution empowers the Parliament to create central services. The official appointed to these services come under the exclusive control of the central Government. The central services are classified into class-I, class-II, class-III, class-IV. Some of the central services are;

Indian Foreign Services.
Indian Audit & Accounts Services
Indian Revenue Services.
Indian Railway Services.
Indian Defence Services.
Indian Information Services.
Indian, Postal Services.
Indian Engineering Services.
Indian Economic Services etc.

Secretariat means office of Secretaries. The administrative machinery of the Governments of India is divided into ministery and Departments which constitute the Central Secretariat. For efficient discharge of business allocated to a ministry, it is divided into various Departments, Wings, Divisions, Branches and Sections.

The Central Secretariat
Department (Secretary)
Wing / (Additional / Joint Secretary)
Division (Deputy Secretary)
Branch (under Secretary)
Section (Section officer)

1. Departnient:
The central secretariat is the primary link of ministry. A single ministry may have a several departments.
Eg:

Human Resource Development Department
Department of Higher Education etc.

The secretary to the Government of India is the administrative head. The minister is the political head of the ministry. Each Department is headed by a secretary. The secretary is a permanant executive while a minister who remains in power for five years. He reaches superannuation at the age of 65 years. The secretaries enjoy longer tenure as the administrative head of his ministry even if the polictial leadership of the ministry changes due to occasional reshuffles or loss of power.

4. Branch:
A branch consists of two sections and is under the charge of an Under Secretary. He is also called Branch officer.

5. Section:
A section is headedy by a Section Officer, section consists of Assistants, Upper Division Clerks and Lower Division Clerks. The initial handling of cases, noting and drafting is carried on by these assistants.

6. State Services:
Art 309 provides for the creation of state services. These services have to manage the subjects Med in the state list. There are several subjects such as police administration, sales tax, land revenue, forests, education, medical services etc. The services which, administer these services are recruited by the states.

The mode and methods of recruitment, service conditions, pay and allowances are not uniform and differ from state to state. Since the State Governments are entrusted with the responsibility of implenting the policies of the union they need a body of competent officers. They function under the control of State Governments.
The state services have been classified into,

Class I – Gazetted officers
Class II – Gazetted officers
Class III – Clerical staff
Class IV – Attenders and peons.

The state services in karnataka are,

Karnataka Administrative Services (KAS)
Karnataka State Police Services (KSPS)
Karnataka Forest services (KFS)
Karnataka Engineering Services (ICES).
Karnataka Educational Services.
Karnataka Sales tax Services.
Karnataka Co-operative Services.
Karnataka Audit and Account Services.
Karnataka Excise Services.
Karnataka Food and Civil Services.

Question 3.
Explain All India, Central and State Services.
Answer:
All India Services:
The constitution of India which came into effect on 2nd January 1950, deals with the services under part XTV, Article 312 has the provisions for the creation of All India Services, for Union and States. The All India Services play the most important role in civil services which are required on all India basis and can be posted both at centre and in the state.
Presently India has three All India Services.

Indian Administrative services (IAS)
Indian Police services (IPS)
Indian Forest Services (IFS)

These services are called as All Indian Services as they belong both to the central and state Governments. The services of these officers could be utilized by both the centre and state Governments and they can be transferred from central to state governments vice-versa. In 1957 the Parliament created the Indian Civil Services Act empowering the union Government in consultation with the state Governments.

This act provided for the regulation of services of persons appointed to, the All India Services. Article 312(i) of the Indian constitution states that, Rajyasabha initiates a resolution supported by not less than 2/3 of the members present and voting. If necessary, in the interest of the nation, Parliament may by law provide for the creation of one or more All India Services.

The Union of Indian states requires division of powers. Subjects mentioned in the union list are to be managed by a separate body of officials under central service. Article 312 of the constitution empowers the Parliament to create central services. The official appointed to these services come under the exclusive control of the central Government. The central services are classified into class-I, class-II, class-III, class-IV. Some of the central services are;

Indian Foreign Services.
Indian Audit & Accounts Services
Indian Revenue Services.
Indian Railway Services.
Indian Defence Services.
Indian Information Services.
Indian, Postal Services.
Indian Engineering Services.
Indian Economic Services etc.

State Services:
Art 309 provides for the creation of state services. These services have to manage the subjects Med in the state list. There are several subjects such as police administration, sales tax, land revenue, forests, education, medical services etc. The services which, administer these services are recruited by the states.

The mode and methods of recruitment, service conditions, pay and allowances are not uniform and differ from state to state. Since the State Governments are entrusted with the responsibility of implenting the policies of the union they need a body of competent officers. They function under the control of State Governments.
The state services have been classified into,

Class I – Gazetted officers
Class II – Gazetted officers
Class III – Clerical staff
Class IV – Attenders and peons.

The state services in karnataka are,

Karnataka Administrative Services (KAS)
Karnataka State Police Services (KSPS)
Karnataka Forest services (KFS)
Karnataka Engineering Services (ICES).
Karnataka Educational Services.
Karnataka Sales tax Services.
Karnataka Co-operative Services.
Karnataka Audit and Account Services.
Karnataka Excise Services.
Karnataka Food and Civil Services.

Question 4.
Discuss the State Administration.
Answer:
Structure of State Administration:
The structure of state Administration consists of

Governor
chief minister
Council of ministers and secretaries to the ministers

State secretariat:
For Administrative convenience, the structure of the state Govt is divided into many departments. A ministry may consist of two or more departments. A minister is incharge of all of them and he is the political head. Principal secretary, a carrier civil servant is an administrative head. The secretariat is located in the state capital and consists of ministers, secretaries, departments and sections.

Formulating and modifying legislation from time to time.
Planning and Budget formulation.
Co-ordinate with the center and other states.
Promoting organizational competency.
Answering questions in the Assembly. The Secretariat is divided into a number

of Administrative depts. It consists of Principal Secretary, Secretary, Joint secretary, Deputy Secretary and Under Secretary. The number of secretariat departments differs from state to state. Some common departments are,

Dept of personal and Administrative Reforms (DPAR).
Home and Transport.
Finance and planning.
Education.
Revenue and excise.
Public works department (PWD).
Forests.
Energy.
Agriculture.
Co-operation.
Labour and Employment.
Food and civil supplies.
Rural Development and panchayath Raj (RDPR).
Law and parliamentary affairs.
Social welfare etc.

Chief Secretary is the head of the state secretariat.

Chief Secretary:
Chief Secretary is the head of the state secretariat. He is incharge of the administration. He is the authority of all the departments of the secretariate. His experience and understanding enables him to ease out difficulties and frictions and to give general guidance to other officers.

He offers leadership to the administrative system ofthe state. He maintains rapport between the state government and the union government and other state governments. The functions of the Chief Secretary are:

As the principal adviser to the chief minister.
Acts as the cabinet secretary and the only person to attend the cabinet meeting.
Exercise general supervision and control over the entire secretariat.
Looks after all matters beyond the purview of other secretaries.
He is chief of all the secretaries. He presides over a large number of committees and is a member of many others.
He is the secretary by rotation if the zonal council of which the state is a member.
He has control over the staff attached to the ministers.
He is the bridge between the state and central or other state Governments.
He receives confidential communication from the Govt of India and conveys them to the chief minister. He plays a significant role as the head of the administrative machinery and is the chief of state civil service, mentor and conscience keeper of civil servants.

Question 5.
What are the functions of Deputy Commissioner?
Answer:
Functions of the Deputy Commissioner:
He is the head of District Administration. He acts as District Magistrate, Superintendent of police (SP), District Treasury Officer, Deputy Director of P.U. Education, Social Welfare Officer, Deputy Director of Public Instruction, District Medical Officer, Deputy Registrar.
1. Law and order and Magisterial powers:
Deputy commissioner also enjoys magisterial powers. Being the District Magistrate, he maintains law and order and performs other judicial functions in the district.

2. Revenue functions:
It includes maintenence of land records and its assesment, collection of land revenue and other public dues and settlement of land disputes. Assistant commissioners and Tahsildars work under the overall supervision and control of the Deputy Commissioner.

3. Development functions:
It includes Public Health, Education, Rural Development, Social welfare (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) and welfare of Backward classes and minorities and protection of weaker sections of the society.

5. Electoral Functions:
Deputy Commissioner is the District Election Officer and he is incharge of elections to parliament, state legislature and Ideal bodies.

6. Municipal Administration:
The DC is generally responsible for the supenision and proper functioning of urban local bodies. The implementation of various developmentat anti-poverty measures for the urban poor is monitored by D.C.

7. Disaster management:
In situations like floods, famines, accidental fires, earthquakes and other natural calamities, the entire district administration is geared to meet the threat and the DC assumes charge to co-ordinate the activities of various departments.

8. Public Grievances:
The DC is the District Public Grievances officer, by virtue of which he maintains the over¬all responsibility to ensure proper functioning of all debts in the district.

9. Land acquisition:
He is the land acquisition officer and acquires land for public purpose and developmental programmes are carried by the D.C.

10. Census:
National census done periodically is supervised by the D.C.

Question 6.
Explain the Composition, Powers and Functions of UPSC.
Answer:
Article 315 provides for the establishment of the union public service commission. UPSC is an independent constitutional body. It recruits civil servants on the basis of merit.
Composition:
UPSC is composed of a Chairman and 10 members. They are appointed by the President. One and half of the members of the commission are administrators with a minimum of 10 years experience in Government service. The required qualifications of the members of UPSC are not specified.

Tenue:
A member of UPSC hold office for a period of 6 yrs or till he attains the age of 65 years, which ever is earlier. Chairman or members of the commission are not eligible for re-appointment after retirement. The chairman of the UPSC is also not eligible for further employment under central or state Government, However, a member of the UPSC may be appointed as a chairman of the UPSC or of the State Public Service Commission.

Removal:
Only by the order of the President, a chairman or member can be removed, on the grounds of misbehaviour, provide by Supreme Court.
Article 320 of the Indian constitution in eludes the following functions of the UPSC.

To conduct examinations for appointments to the services of the Union and All India services.
To assist two or more states, on request for joint recruitment for any services.
To advise the Government on matters relating to the methods of recruitment, promotions, transfers, discipline actions and interservice matters.
To present annual report regarding its working to the president.
To exercise such additional functions as provided by an act of parliament.
To serve all or any needs of the state Government on request by the Governor and with the approval of the President.

Question 7.
Explain the Composition, Powers and Functions of KPSC.
Answer:
Karnataka Public Service Commission (KPSC).
Composition:
The Indian Constitution has made provisions for the establishment of a public service commission in all the states of India. So the KPSC was setup, which consists of a chairman and members determined by the Governor of the state from time to time. At least half the members of the commission should have administrative experience with a minimum of 10 years service of the state.

The remaining members must be persons representing varied interests of the community. At present, there is a chairman and nine members. The chairman and members are appointed by the Governor, on the recommendations of the state cabinet. They are appointed for a period of six years or till the age of 62 yrs whichever is earlier. The members of the KPSC are not eligible for reappointment to hold office in the KPSC after retirement.

The chairman and other members of the state commission can be removed under the same circumstances as applicable to the chairman and members of UPSC. They can be removed from the office only by an order of the President, on the ground of misbehaviour, proved by the Supreme Court. All these provisions have been made to make the commission an independent and impartial body.
Functions of KPSC:

To conduct competitive examinations for the recruitment of candidates to state services.
To conduct department examinations.
To prepare rules of the recruitment, pro-motions of civil service in the state.
To prepare rules of recruitment, promotions and transfer of civil servants from one service to another.
To submit annual report regarding its working to the state Governor.

2nd PUC Political Science Administrative Machinery in India Additional Questions and Answers

I. One Mark Questions.

Question 1.
Mention any one role of Administration.
Answer:
Influencing public policies and political trends.

Question 2.
Mention any one feature of Civil Service.
Answer:
Service Motto: They have to work for the welfare of the society. They must be humble and service-minded towards the public and not authoritative.

Question 3.
Which Article of the Indian constitution provides for All India Services?
Answer:
The Article 312 part XIV of the Indian constitution provides for All India Services.

Question 4.
Mention any one central service.
Answer:
Indian Foreign Services. (IFS).

Question 5.
Mention any one state service.
Answer:
2. Karnataka Administrative Service (KAS)

Question 6.
What is the secretariat.
Answer:
It means offices of secretaries together.

Question 7.
Mention any one Department of the central secretariat.
Answer:
Department of school education and Literacy.

Question 8.
Who is the head of wing of central secretariat?
Answer:
An Additional Secretary or Joint secretory.

Question 9.
Hat is the main function of the cabinet secretary?
Answer:
To provide assistance to the council of ministers.

Question 10.
What does the state administration comprise of?
Answer:
The state administration comprises of the Governor, the chief minister and the council of ministers and their secretaries.

Question 11.
Mention any one department of state secretariat.
Answer:
Dept of Personnel and Administrative Reforms (DPAR).

Question 12.
Mention any one hole of CAT (Central Administrative Tribunal).
Answer:
Adjudication of disputes, with regard to recruitment and condition of service of person appointed to public service.

Question 13.
When was the KAT established?
Answer:
KAT was established in 6.10.1986.

II. Two Marks Questions.

Question 1.
Answer:
Mention the hierarchical order of central secretariat
Answer:

Department (Secretary)
Wing (Additional Secretary / Joint secretary)
Division (Deputy Secretary)
Branch (undersecretary)
Section (Section officer)

III. Five Marks Questions.

Question 1.
Explain CAT.
Answer:
The Central Administrative Tribunal has been established for adjudication of disputes, with regard to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public service. Article 323A of the Indian constitution provides for setting up of Administrative Tribunals. It goes a long way in reducing the burden of various courts by reducing pendency of cases relating to matters of civil service.

It also provides to the officials a speedy and effective remedy. The provisions of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 do not apply to members of paramilitary forces, armed forces of the union, officers or employees of the Supreme Court or to persons appointed to the secretariat staff of either house of Parliament or the Secretariat staff of state/union territories and legislatures.

A chairman who has been sitting or retired judge of a High Court heads the CAT. Besides the chairman, the authorized strength consists of 16 vice-chairmen and 49 members. The condition of service of chairman, vice-chairmen and members are governed by the CAT rule of 1985.

The employees of the CAT are required to discharge their duties under the general superintendence of the chairman. Salaries, allowances and conditions of service of the officers and other employees of the tribunal are specified by the Central Govt.