2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Students can Download 2nd PUC Political Science Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, 2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and to clear all their doubts, score well in final exams.

Karnataka 2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

2nd PUC Political Science International Relations and Politics Text Book Questions and Answers

I. One Mark Questions.

Question 1.
What is the meaning of international relations?
Answer:
International relations is the exchange, transactions, contracts, flow of information and the resulting behavioral response between and among separate organised countries. International relations encompass activities such as social, economic, religious and others. It is also political activities across international borders.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 2.
Who used the term international relations for the first time?
Answer:
Ieremy Benthan in the later part of the 18th Century.

Question 3.
Mention the work of Jean Bodin.
Answer:
Jean Bodin has described the concept of sovereignty in his work ‘De Republica’ (1576).

Question 4.
What is National Power?
Answer:
National Power is the sum total of the strength and capabalities of the state harnessed and applied to the advancement of its national interests and attainment of its national objectives.

Question 5.
What do you understand by power blocs?
Answer:
Power blocs are the two-power blocs USA and USSR. U.S. A propagated capitalistic ideology and USSR spread communism.

Question 6.
What is Balance of Power?
Answer:
Balance of power refers to relative power position of states as actors in international relations, with its emphasis on the cultivation of power and utilization of power for resolving the problem.

Question 7.
What is polarity?
Answer:
Polarities in international relations refer to the arrangement of power within the international system.

Question 8.
When did international system officially begin?
Answer:
The history of international political system is traced back to the peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713). League of Nations was established in 1920.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 9.
When the peace of West Phalia did take place?
Answer:
The peace of West Phalia took place in 1648.

Question 10.
When the League of Nations did come into existence?
Answer:
In the year 1920.

Question 11.
When did the League of Nations ended?
Answer:
The League of Nations failed in 1924.

Question 12.
When did the UN come into existence?
Answer:
The UNO came into existence on 24th October 1945.

Question 13.
How many original members signed the UN charter?
Answer:
51 countries signed the UN charter originally.

Question 14.
Which article deals with the basic principles of the UN?
Answer:
Article 2 of the UN charter.

Question 15.
Write any two principles of the UN?
Answer:

  1. The U.N. is based on the sovereign equality of all its members.
  2. All members shall fulfill in good faith the UN charter obligations.

Question 16.
What is the strength of members of UN at present?
Answer:
193 member countries.

Question 17.
How many representatives can participate in the UN General Assembly from each member’s countrry?
Answer:
Five representatives can participate in the un General Assembly.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 18.
Which is the most powerful organ of the UN?
Answer:
Security council.

Question 19.
How many permanent members are in the Security Council?
Answer:
Five members (U.K, USA, Russia, France and China).

Question 20.
Where does the International Court of Justice situated?
Answer:
The headquartes of International Court of Justice is situated in the Hague.

Question 21.
Where is the UN headquarter located?
Answer:
The UN headquarter is located in new york (USA).

Question 22.
How many judges are there in International Court of Justice?
Answer:
15 Judges elected by the General Assembly and Security Council by an absolute majority.

Question 23.
Who is the present Secretary General of the UN?
Answer:
The present Secretary General of UN is Mr. Ban-Ki-moon.

Question 24.
What is Uni-polarity?
Answer:
The concentration of power (in international politics) with one state is uni-polarity.

Question 25.
What is Bi-polarity?
Answer:
The distribution of power between two major nation-states, who have the majority in economic, military etc is called Bi-polarity.

Question 26.
What is Multi-Polarity?
Answer:
Multi-Polarity is the distribution of power in which more than two nation-states, who are almost equal.

Question 27.
What is meant by international organisation?
Answer:
International organisations are organisations established by formal political agreements between nations. They are based on common purpose with no consideration for territorial limitations. Their existence is recognised by law. They have the status of international treaties.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 28.
What is called as Amphictyonic league?
Answer:
The amphictyonic league was established in the early 6th C BC, by Greece, with a view to regulate the interstate relations, to avoid war and to promote unity among nations.

Question 29.
When the Leaue of Nations was came into existence?
Answer:
10th January 1920, after the first war.

Question 30.
What is meant by regional organisation?
Answer:
Regional organisations are institutions that express a particlar identity and shape collective action with the region;

Question 31.
Name any one regional organisation.
Answer:
The European union.

Question 32.
How many original members were signed the United Nations Declaration?
Answer:
51 member countries.

Question 33.
When the United Nations was came into existence?
Answer:
24th October 1945 after the failure of League of Nations.

Question 34.
Name any one agencies of the UN.
Answer:
United Nation International children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF).

Question 35.
When did UDHR adopted?
Answer:
UDHR-(Universal Declaration of Human Rights) was adopted on 10th December 1948.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 36.
When was the WHO constituted?
Answer:
The World Health Organisation was constituted on.

Question 37.
When was the FAO constituted?
Answer:
The Food and Agricultural Organisation was constituted in.

Question 38.
How many member countries are there in the UN?
Answer:
193 Member countries.

Question 39.
When was the ASEAN established?
Answer:
Association of South-East Asian Nations Asean was established on 8th August 1967, at Bangkok, Thailand.

Question 40.
How many members are there in ASEAN?
Answer:
There are ten member states of ASEAN.

Question 41.
When did India became a dialogue partner of ASEAN?
Answer:
India became a dialogue partner of ASEAN in 1996.

Question 42.
When was the first INDIA-ASEAN annual summit held?
Answer:
In the year 2002.

Question 43.
When was SAARC established?
Answer:
South-Asian Association for Regional Cooperation was established in 2nd August 1983.

Question 44.
Who is called as the founder of the SAARC?
Answer:
The Bangladesh president Zia-ur-Rehman.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 45.
Where is the SAARC Secretariat situated?
Answer:
SAARC secretariat is situated at Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Question 46.
How many members are there in the SAARC?
Answer:
Eight countries of South Asia are, Afganistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Question 47.
When did Afghanistan become a new member of the SAARC?
Answer:
In the year 210 Afganistan became the 8th member of SAARC.

Question 48.
When was the first SAARC summit held?
Answer:
1st SAARC summit was held at Dhaka in 1985.

Question 49.
When is the SAARC charter day observed?
Answer:
8th December.

Question 50.
Expand SAARC.
Answer:
South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation.

Question 51.
Expand SAFTA.
Answer:
Sound Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)

Question 52.
Expand Save.
Answer:
South Asian Visual Exchange (SAVE).

Question 53.
How many members are there in BRICS?
Answer:
Five Member countries, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 54.
When was the first BRICS summit held?
Answer:
First BRICS summit was held on 14th April 2011, at Sanya, Hainan province, China.

Question 55.
In which year Brazil became a member of BRICS?
Answer:
2006.

Question 56.
In which year South Africa became a member of BRICS?
Answer:
24th December 2010.

II. Two Marks Questions.

Question 1.
Define International relations.
Answer:
International relations is a dynamic discipline which tries to explain political activites across the state boundries. Its transition is followed by developments in international system. It was practised in ancient Greece, Egypt, China and India.
“International Relations are the study of all forms of interactions that exist between members of seperate entities or nations within the international system.” – Ola Josheph.
International Relation is concerned with all the exchange transactions, contracts, flow of information and the resulting behavioural response between and among separate organised societies. International relations could encompass many different activities such as socially economic, religious and others. Power is the key to international relations – H. J.Morgenthau.

Question 2.
When was the BRICS countries first summit held? and where?
Answer:
The BRICS countries first summit was held on April 14, 2011, in the Chinese city of Sanya, Hainan province.

Question 3.
Who said power is the key to International Relations.
Answer:
H J. Morgenthau.

Question 4.
Write the importance of International Relations.
Answer:
Importance of International Relations:

  1. The study of lntemational Relation enables us to understand the basic policies and principles which contribute to the international sphere.
  2. It provides concrete solutions for international problems, by means of dialogues, bilateral, multilateral, mutual co-operations and the like.
  3. It substitutes internationalism to narrow nationalism which delimits the boundaries of states.
  4. It avoids the war, military actions or alliances and international conflicts.
  5. It considers the acceptance of the principles of collective security and disarmament, world peace and progress.
  6. It creates global feeling among the citizens of the world and promotes universal brotherhood.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 5.
Write two concepts of International Relations.
Answer:
Two concepts of International Relations:

  • State sovereignty
  • National power

Question 6.
What is National power?
Answer:
The concept of National Power is the sum total of the strength and capabilites of state harnessed and applied tot the advancement of its national interests and the attainment of its national objectives. It encompasses population, territory, and military preparedness, national character, economic and political power.

Question 7.
What is National Interest?
Answer:
National Interest is the action of the state in relation to other states. As Frankel opined, it refers to the aspirations of the state. The determinants of national interest are qualities of personalities and ideals of decision makers.

Question 8.
What is a Power Block? Give example.
Answer:
Power Blocs:
With the beginning of the cold war, two power blocs emerged i.e. USA and USSR. President of U.S. AHarry Truman believed in the spread of democracy which comes under Truman Doctorine, whereas the Warsaw pact under Soviet policy sought the spread of communist ideology spread in poland, Bulgaria, Rumania and Hungary.

Question 9.
When did the peace of West Phalia and Utrecht treaty were signed?
Answer:
The Peace of Westphalia was signed in 1648 and the treaty of Utrech was signed in 1713.

Question 10.
Mention two objectives of the League of Nations.
Answer:

  1. International Co-operation,
  2. Settlement of disputes.

Question 11.
Write about the UN Charter.
Answer:
The United Nations charter was signed by 51 countries. The UN charter consists of 19 chapters, III Articles and its headquarters is situated in Newark. There are sia, official languages (Chinese, French, Russian Spanish and Arabic).

Question 12.
Expand BRICS.
Answer:
Brazis, Russia, India, China, South Africa – BRICS.

Question 13.
Write two objectives of the UN.
Answer:

  1. To maintain international peace and security.
  2. To maintain freedom for all without discrimination on the basis of race, sex, languages or religion.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 14.
Name any two organs of the UN.
Answer:

  1. General Assembly.
  2. Security Council.

Question 15.
State any two functions of General Assembly.
Answer:

  1. General Assembly functions as a world legislative body.
  2. General Assembly performs deliberative, supervisory, financial, elective and constituent functions.

Question 16.
Write a note on Security Council.
Answer:
The Security Council is the enforcement wing (world executive body) of the united nations. It is the most powerful organ or the UNO. Its main responsibility is to maintain world peace and security. It consists of 15 members. Five ofthem are permanent members (U.K, USA, Russia, France and China) while the other ten are non-permanent members.

Permanent member have ‘Veto-Power’. Ten Non-Permanent members are represented by the elected representatives who are elected by the General Assembly for a term of two years.

Question 17.
Name two permanent members of the Security Council?
Answer:
United Kingdom and United States of America.

Question 18.
Who is the present UN Secretary General?
Answer:
The present Secretary General is Mr. Ban- Ki-Moon.

Question 19.
Who appoints the Secretary General? What is the term of office?
Answer:
The U.N. Secretary General is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendations of the security council. He is appointed for a period of five years.

Question 20.
What is the total members of the UN economic and social council.
Answer:
The total members of the UN economic and social council are 54 member countries elected by General Assembly for a period of three years.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 21.
Name the SAARC regional centers established in India.
Answer:
SAARC regional centers established in India are,

  1. SAARC Documentation centre (SDR), New-Delhi.
  2. SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC), New Delhi.

Question 22.
Define Regional organization.
Answer:
Regional organisations are formed for the creation and implementation of institutions that express a particular identity and shape collective action within the region.

Question 23.
Which article of the Indian Constitution focusses on the promotion of international peace and security?
Answer:
Promotion of international peace and security. Art 51.

Question 24.
Name two earliest international organisations.
Answer:

  1. Amphictyonic League.
  2. European commission.

Question 25.
When was the league of Nations signed and came into effect?
Answer:
League of Nations was signed and came into effect in 1920.

Question 26.
When was the UN signed and came into effect?
Answer:
24th Oct 1945.

Question 27.
Define Joseph Hye’s definition on regionalism.
Answer:
Regionalism is as an organisation of the interstate associations or groupings on the basis of regions – Joseph Nye.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 28.
Name two agencies of the UN.
Answer:

  1. International Labour organisation (ILO).
  2. Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO).

Question 29.
Name any two missions of UNPKF.
Answer:

  • Korea (1950-54).
  • Congo (1960-64).

Question 30.
Write a note on the formation of India-ASEAN dialogue partnership.
Answer:
India became a sectoral dialogue partner ofAseanin 1992, which was upgraded to full dialogue partnership in 1996, India had annual ASEAN Summits Since 2002.

Question 31.
Write about the ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement.
Answer:
The volume of trade arid investment flow between India and ASEAN has been increas¬ing at a healthy pace, but remains relatively low compared to other dialogue partners of ASEAN. The ASEAN are the fourth-Largest partner in trade, after thd Eurpean union, the United States and China.

Acknowledging this trend and recognizing the economic potential of closer links, both India and ASEAN met and, agreed to negotiate a framework to pave way for the establishment of an ASEAN-India Free Trade Area (FTA) The ASEAN-India Free Trade Area was signed on 13th August 2009 at the ASEAN- India economic ministerial meeting in Bangkok and was fully operational since 1st Aug 2001.

Question 32.
Name any two members of the SAARC.
Answer:
India and Sri-Lanka.

Question 33.
Name SAARC summits which were held in INDIA.
Answer:

  • 2nd SAARC Summit in Nov 1986-Bangalore.
  • 8th SAARC Summit in May 1985-New Delhi.
  • 10th SAARC Summit in April 2007-New Delhi

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 34.
Write about the SAARC-Charter Day.
Answer:
The heads of seven South Asian countries of SAARC signed a charter to establish the SAARC an Dec 8th 1985. Afghanistan joined SAARC at the 14th SAARC Summit Delhi, April 2007. Dec 8th called as SAARC-Charter Day.

Question 35.
State two apex bodies of the SAARC.
Answer:

  1. SAARC-Law (an association for persons of Legal communities of SAARC coun-tries).
  2. SAARC Finance (Govemers of Central Banks of Member states).

III. Five Marks Questions.

Question 1.
Write note1 un International Relations?
Answer:
International relations is the exchange, transactions, contracts, flow of information and the resulting behavioural response between and among seperate organised countries. International relations encompasses activities such as social, economic, religious and others. It is also political activities across international borders, ieremy Benthan in the later part of the 18th C.

International relations is a dynamic discipline which tries to explain political activites across the state boundries. Its transition is followed by developments in international system. It was practised in ancient Greece, Egypt, China and India.
“International relations are the study of all forms of interactions that exist between members of seperate entities or nations within the international system.” – Ola Josheph.

International relation is concerned with all the exchange transactions, contracts, flow of information and the resulting behavioural response between and among seperate organised societies. International relations could encompass many different activities such as socially economic, religious and others.
“Power is the key to international relations” – H. J. Morgenthau.

H. J.Morgenthau viewed that international regulations are the subjects that deal with those relations among nations with involve power status, external developments constantly influence the domestic policies. Nations are compelled to enter into dialogues, form alliances with other nations. This is to ensure the power and prestige of nations in the international community.

Question 2.
Bring out the importance of the Inter-national Relations?
Answer:
Importance of International Relations:

  1. The Study of lntemational Relation enables us t6 understand the basic policies and principles which contribute to the international sphere.
  2. It provides concrete solutions for international problems, by means of dialogues, bilateral, multilateral, mutal cooperations and the like.
  3. It substitutes internationalism to narrow nationalism which delimits the boundaries of states.
  4. It avoids the war, military actions or alliances and international conflicts.
  5. It considers the acceptance of the principles of collective security and disarmament, world peace and progress.
  6. It creates global feeling among the citizens of the world and promotes universal brotherhood.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 3.
What are the concepts of International Relations?
Answer:
Concepts of International Relations:

  1. State Sovereignity.
  2. National power.
  3. National Interest.
  4. Power blocs.
  5. Polarity.
  6. Balance of power.

Question 4.
Explain the development of international System.
Answer:
The history or international political system can be traced back to the ‘Peace of West phalia’ (1648) and the ‘Treaty of Utrecht’ (1713). In the 19th Century the European countries set the platform to understand the need for International political system. It gradually spread to other parts of the world.

This development led to the establishment of international organisatioa The out-break of first world war intensitied the need for an international organisation. The ‘League of Nations’, thus was established in the year 1920. The ‘League of Nations’ was established to protect the world from the destruction of war and restoration of peace.

The heritage of ideas ad experience of world leaders helped to form the League of Nations. It was a real international organisation with legal entity, organs and agencies of its own. President Woodrow Wilson of U.S. A was the architect of this organisation. The league had three organs,

  • Assembly.
  • Council and
  • International secretariat.

If was an organised association of states for the purpose of international cooperation, settlement of disputes and prevention of future wars. But the league failed and closed in 1924. The ‘United Nations Organisation’ was establised on 24th Oct. 1945 in Sanfrancisco after the failure of the League of Nations.

The U.N has been entrusted with heavy responsibilites for the maintenance of international peace and security. The UN charter was signed by 51 countries including India. The UN charter consists of 19 chapters; III Articles and its headquarters is at New York, U. S .A.

Question 5.
Write a note on the League of Nations.
Answer:
The ‘League ofNatioris’ was established to protect the world from the destruction of war and restoration of peace. The heritage of ideas ad experience of world leaders helped to form the League of Nations. It was a real international organisation with legal entity, organs and agencies of its own. President Woodrow Wilson ofU.S. A was the architect of this organisation.
The league had three organs,

  • Assembly
  • Council and
  • International secretariat.

If was an organised association of states for the purpose of international co-operation, settlement of disputes and prevention of luture wars. But the league failed and closed in 1924.

Question 6.
Give an account of the origin and growth of the UN.
Answer:
The ‘United Nations Organisation’ was establised on 24th Oct. 1945 in San francisco after the failure of the League of Nations. The U.N has been entrusted with heavy responsibilites for the maintenance of international peace and security. The UN charter was signed by 51 countries including India. The UN charter consists of 19 chapters; III Articles and its headquar-ters is atNew York, U.S.A.

Growth Of U.N.O:
There are only seven official languages (Chinese, English,French, Spanish and Arabic), recognised by the UN. The present ‘Membership’ of UN is 193. There are two kinds of members in the UN. According to Art 3, there are original 51 members who had signed in earlier Declaration by un on 1st January 1942 and signed the charter and ratified it.

Q(her members are elected under Art 4 of the charter by the General Assembly on the recoommendations of the security council of UN. membership is open to all peace loving countries which accept the principles of the UN charter and its obligations. There are six organs of the U.N.

  1. General Assembly
  2. Security council
  3. Economic and Social council
  4. Trusteship council
  5. Secretariat
  6. The International Court of Justice.

The U.N. has its own peace keeping force the U.N. Peace Keeping Force (UNPKF). The U.N. has agencies to facilitate its action plans. A few agencies are International Labour organisation. (ILO) Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) United Nations Development Action Framework (UNDAF), World Health Organisation (WHO) United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) etc.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 7.
What are the principles of the UN?
Answer:
Princes of U.N.O (Asin Art-2 of un charter):

  1. The UN based on the sovereign equality of all its members.
  2. All members shall fulfill in good faith the UN charter obligations.
  3. They shall settle international disputes by peaceful means.
  4. They have to retain their international relations from threat or use of force against other states.
  5. They have to extend all help to the action taken by the U.N.
  6. The U.N shall ensure that states who are not members act in accordance with the principles of U.N.
  7. The organisation shall not intervene in matters essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state.

Question 8.
Bring out the role of the UN General Assembly.
Answer:
Role of un General Assembly:

  1. It is the paramount and central organ or the UN.
  2. It is a world legislative body.
  3. It performs deliberative, supervisory, financial, elective and constituent functions.
  4. The U.N. General Assembly has to meet annually in September.
  5. It has to meet at special sessions and emergency sessions.
  6. It functions through several committees.
  7. It elects 15 judges to the international court of justice along with the security council.
  8. The Secretary General is the head of the UN General Assembly.
  9. It determines the salary and pension of the ICI Judges.

Question 9.
Write briefly on the UN General Assembly.
Answer:
The Security Council is the enforcement wing (world executive body) of the united nations. It is the most powerful organ or the UNO. Its main responsibility is to maintain world peace and security. It consists of 15 members. Five ofthem are permanent members (U.K, USA, Russia, France and China) while the other ten are non-permanent members.

Permanent member have ‘Veto-Power’. Ten Non-Permanent members are represented by the elected representatives who are elected by the General Assembly for a term of two years.

Question 10.
Explain the role of the Economic and Social Council of the UN.
Answer:
Role of un Economic And Social council:
The objective of the un Economic and social council is to achieve co-operation in solving international issues of economic, social, cultural and humanitarian character. It consists of 54 members elected by the General Assembly for a period of three years. On the basis of geographical representation 1/3rd of the members retire every year.

The council elects its own president for one year it meets at least thrice a year. The council has set up various, commissions, committees, adhoc committees and special bodies through which the organ works.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 11.
Discuss on the polarity in International Relations.
Answer:
Polarity in International Relations: Polarity is the distribution of powers within the International system. It describes the nature of powers at any given time. Three types of polarities are found in world polities. They are,
1. Uni-Polarity:
Uni-Polarity in International politicans is concentration of power in which one state exersises most of the cultural, economic and military influence, In the Uni-polar system, a great power exercises supremacy with no competition. Uni-polarity existed in the post cold war period. The United States is the only country in the early 21st century that posses the ability to project military power on a global scale. In the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

2. Bi-Polarity:
Bi-polarity is the distribution of power in which two powers have the majority of economic, military and cultural influence at the global level. To gain superiority, both the powers struggle. During the peak of cold war, both the united states and the Soviet Union were bi-polar world politics.

The Bi-polar system, can extend to a larger system by means of alliances or organisations. In both the world wars, majority of countries especially Europe, the United States and Japan had been divided into two respective spheres one being the axis and the other being the allies.

3. Multi-Polarity:
It is the distribution of power in which more than two nation-states are in the fray almost equal in military, cultural, and economic spheres. They are more stable than bi-polar systems, as great powers can gain power through alliances. This tends to have any shifting alliances until one of the two things happen. Either a balance of power is struck, or neither side wants to attack the other.

The major implications of International System with a number of parties including a multi-polar system, is that international decisions will often be made for strategic reasons to maintain balance of power rather’than out of ideological or historical reasons.

Question 12.
Write the meaning and definitions of international organisation.
Answer:
International organisations are organisations established by formal political agreements between nations. They are based on common purpose with no consideration for territorial limitations. Their existence is recognised by law. They have the status of international treaties. International organisations are significant for international policy making and the process of globalization.

Realists maintain that international organisations are basically a reflection of the distribution of power in the world. Liberalists mairttain that the institutionalism remains state centric. They create and implement rules, set their own agendas and social norms based on the.

“International organization means the aggregate of procedures and organs for expressing the unification of nations” – Potter.
International organization must consist of at least two qualified members of the international system and created by a formal instrument of agreement between govts of nation states. – Michael Wallace and David Singer.

Question 13.
Write a note on the growth of international organisations.
Answer:
Growth Of International Organisations:
Modem age is the age of international cooperation. No state can live in isolation. To ensure systematic relations between various states, agencies and methods of international co-operation these organisations have emerged. The origin ofthe international organisation can be traced back to Greece, Where the Amplictyonic league was established in the early 6th CBC, with a view to regulate the interstate relations, to avoid war and to promote unity among nations.

The next important milestone in the development of international organisation is the treaty of West Phalia (1648), the peace of west phalia (1648), the peace of Utrecht (1713). the congress of Vienna (1815), the Hague conference (1907) played a major role in the creatio of international organisation.

Later on, the important agencies and unions like European Commission (1856), International Bureau of Telegraphic Administration (1868), Universal Postal Union (1875), International office of Health (1903), Intema The notable international organisation, ‘The League ofNations’ was established after the first world war on 10th January 1920.

To resolve international disputes, to promote international cooperation and to ensure the fulfillment of accepted international obligations. The ‘League of Nations’ failed due to structural weaknessess. But its contribution to the growth of international organisations can not be overlooked.

The ‘United Nations Organisation’ was created after the II world war, which was based in the Teague ofNations’. The U.N.O was formed in 1945. The UN deals with collective security and peace, economic and social development, and international law and human rights. To have control over International organisation many countries have come together and formed groups such as G-5, G-7, G-8, and G-20.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 14.
Write a note on origin and growth of regional organisations.
Answer:
Origin and growth of regional organisation:
Regional organisation have become an important and effective in the political and economic interaction of the modem world. The end of ‘Cold War ’ paved the way for regional organizations on the basis of regionalism Regionalism is a commonsense of identity and purpose. Regionalism is flexible and different from one particular region to another in the world arena.

Regional organisations is a formal association of sovereign states of particular region with permanent organisation. The U.N. charter stressed the role of regional organisations to maintain the International peace and security. Regional organisations represent groups of states sharing geographical, political, economic and sociocultural Interests.

For Eg: The Arab league (1945), The European Economic Community (E.E.C) in 1958, The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1960, The Organisation of African Union (1963). The ‘European Union’ (EU) provided the economic model for other regional organisations such as the Association of South East Asian Naions (ASEAN) in 1969. The South-Asian Association For Regional cooperation (SAARC) in 1985, The Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa (BRICS) (2010).

Question 15.
Explain the role of regional organisations in global peace and progress.
Answer:
The regional organisation ASEAN-India colloboration have demonstrated their commitment and shared interest in promoting peace, security, stability and prosperity In the world. The ASEAN is the forum for promoting peace, stability and prosperity in the dynamic asia, pacific region. ASEAN and India commemorated the 20th anniversary of dialogue level partnership and the 10th anniversary of summit level partnership with a commerative summit in New delhi under the theme LASEN-India partnership for peace and shared prosperity in december 2012.

The informal talks between the Indian and Pakistani prime ministers at the 2nd SAARC summit meeting at Bangalore, India in November 1986 led to the diffusion of tension between the two countries, on the issues of Indias military exersise. Operation Brass Tacks’, on the Indo-Pakistan border, and the India-Sri Lanka talks at the 1987 SAARC foreign ministers’ Meeting led to their accord on the Tamil problem.

Question 16.
Write a note on India’s role in the U.N. India’s Role In The United Nations.
Answer:
Independent India viewed its membership of the United Nations as a guarantee for maintaining international peace and security. The UN membership has also served as an opportunity for the leadership in world affairs. India stood at the fore-front during the UN’s tumultous ous years of struggle against colonialism, apartheid, global disarmament and creation of more equitable international economic order.

India is undertaking sincere steps to find ways to adopt these challenges. An integral part of such efforts is collective action and adoption of multilateral approaches in resolving transnational issues under the auspices of the United Nations. India has used the platform of General Assembly for voicing against imperialism, colonialism and apartheid.

In 1954, India took a Leading part in securing political sanctions against the racialist region of South Africa. In 1965, it supported the UN sponsored economic boycott bTRhodesia. It gave full support to the Angolari Liberation Movement and to the cause of independence of Namibia.

India also played an active role in setting op of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and calling for the creation of a kinematical Economic order (NIED). India is the member of the united nations Educational; Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) International Labour Organisation (ILO), World Health Organisation (FAO) United Nations International Emergency Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Development Programmes (UNOP), United Nations Development Organisation (UNIDO) etc.

India is committed to assist UN by presiding military troops for the maintenance of international peace and security to the UNPKF. India has deputed more than one lakh troops to participate in plenty of peace keeping missions since 1950. Eg Korea (1950-54), Somalia (1993-94) etc. India is among the top 12 mega centers of the world in terms of its genetic diversity. It is commited to a global partnership that seeks to protect the environment.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 17.
Explain India’s contribution of UNPKF.
Answer:
India is committed to assist the UN by providing military troops to participate in maintaining of international peace and security. India has deputed more than one Lakh troops to the UNPKF missions since 1950. Eg: Korea (1950-54), Middle East (1956-57), Congo (1960-64), Somalia (1993-94), Afganistan (1993), Haiti (1993), Angola (1989-99), Ethiopia-eritrea (1006-08), Lebanon (1998), Ivory coast (UNOC1) (2004), Liberia (2007), South Sudan (2013-14).

The high standards of performance maintained consistently by the Indian troops and policemen deployed on UN Missions under challenging circumstances have won high regard world-wide.

Question 18.
Discuss any Five Areas of Cooperation of lndia-UN.
Answer:
Five areas of Co-Operation Of India-U.N.
Independent India viewed its membership of the United Nations as a guarantee for maintaining international peace and security. The UN membership has also served as an opportunity for the leadership in world affairs. India stood at the fore-front during the UN’s tumultous ous years of struggle against colonialism, apartheid, global disarmament and creation of more equitable international economic order.

India is undertaking sincere steps to find ways to adopt these challenges. An integral part of such efforts is collective action and adoption of multilateral approaches in resolving transnational issues under the auspices of the United Nations. India has used the platform of General Assembly for voicing against imperialism, colonialism and apartheid.

In 1954, India took a Leading part in securing political sanctions against the racialist region of South Africa. In 1965, it supported the UN sponsored economic boycott bTRhodesia. It gave full support to the Angolari Liberation Movement and to the cause of independence of Namibia.

India also played an active role in setting op of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and calling for the creation of a kitemational Economic order (NIED). India is the member of the united nations Educational; Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) International Labour Organisation (ILO), World Health Organisation (FAO) United Nations International Emergency Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Development Programmes (UNOP), United Nations Development Organisation (UNIDO) etc.

India is committed to assist UN by presiding military troops for the maintenance of international peace and security to the UNPKF. India has deputed more than one lakh troops to participate in plenty of peace keeping missions since 1950. Eg Korea (1950-54), Somalia (1993-94) etc. India is among the top 12 mega centers of the world in terms of its genetic diversity. It is commited to a global partnership that seeks to protect the environment.

India is committed to assist the UN by providing military troops to participate in maintaining of international peace and security. India has deputed more than one Lakh troops to the UNPKF missions since 1950. Eg: Korea (1950-54), Middle East (1956-57), Congo (1960-64), Somalia (1993-94), Afganistan (1993), Haiti (1993), Angola (1989-99), Ethiopia-eritrea (1006-08), Lebanon (1998), Ivory coast (UNOC1) (2004), Liberia (2007), South Sudan (2013-14).

The high standards of performance maintained consistently by the Indian troops and policemen deployed on UN Missions under challenging circumstances have won high regard world-wide.

Question 19.
Write briefly about the five U.N. agencies.
Answer:
1. Food And Agriculture Organisation-(FAO):
FAO of UN leads international eforts to defeat hunger and assist developing countries and countries in economic transition to improve plood security. FAO is an agency of the UN that leads international efforts to defeat hunger serving both developed and developing countries. FAO acts as a neutral forum where 2 all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy.

FAO is also a source of knowledge and information and helps developing countries and countries in transistion modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practies, ensuring good nutrition and Food security for all its members as per latin motto ‘Las Panis’, which means ‘Let there be bread’. As on Aug 8th 2013, FAO has 194 members states, along with India.

2. United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund (UNICEF):
is a United Nations program headquartered in New york that provides longterm humanitarism and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. UNICEF was established on 11th DEC 1946 to provide emergency health care to children in countries that had been devas tated by world war II in 1917.

A36 member executive Board made up of govt representatives who are elected by UN economic and social council, for 3 yrs, establish policies, approves programmes and oversees administrative and financial plans. Its Executive Director is Mr. Anthony Lake (2010. May).

3. International Labour Organisation (ILO):
of U.N. deals with labour issues, particularly international labour standards and ‘decent work For all’ 185, ofthe 193 UN members are ILD members. In 1969, the org recieved the nobel peace prize for improving peace among classes; pusuing table for workers, and providing technical assistance to other developing rations.

4. InternationalMunetarv Fund (INF):
of UN was established in 1944, 188 members countries are registered. IMF works to faster global monetary cooperation, secure Financial stability, facilitate international trade and promote high employment and sustaniable economic growth and reduce poverty around the world.

5. United Nations Economic And Social Council-(UNESCO):
was established to contribute to peace and swecurity by promoting international collodoration through education, science and cultural in order to further universal respect for Justice, Rule of Law, and Human Rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in UN charter. UNESCO has 195 member states and nine associate members.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 20.
India should have a permanent seat in the Security Council. Discuss.
Answer:
India should have a perinanent seat in the Security Council due to the following:

  1. It is the world’s largest democracy.
  2. It has huge population.
  3. It’s a large financial contributor.
  4. It is a major contributor of UN peacekeeping troops.
  5. It frequently serves as a non-permanent (rotational) member, and usually wins the votes of almost all member states in its bids for non-permanent positions.
  6. It has the backing of some major countries.
  7. It’s relatively trusted by the Muslim states. The Security Council could probably use someone other than China that can negotiate in the Middle East.

Question 21.
Write about the establishment of the ASEAN-India summit level meetings.
Answer:
ASEAN-india summit Level Meetings:
ASEAN and India commemorated the 20th anniversary of dialogue level partnership and the 10th anniversary of summit in New Delhi under the theme ‘Asian India Partnership for peace and shared prosperity’ in December 2012. At the third ASEAN-India summit in Vietnam in November 2004, ASEAN and India signed partnership for peace, progress and shared prosperity.

The sixth summit level meeting held November 2007 India announced setting up of an India-ASEAN green fund with an initial contribution of USD 5 million to support activities relating to climate change.

At the seventh ASEAN-India summit held in Chaan Hua Hjn in October 2009, India Announced a contribution of USO 50 million to ASEAN-India Co-operation fund to support implementation of the ASEAN-India plan of Action 2010-15, which envisages cooperation in a range of sectors in the political, economic and socio-cultural spheres for deepening and intensifying ASIAN-India Cooperation.

The 11th summit was held on Thursday, October 2013 attended by Heads of Govt of the member states and P.M.Manmohan Singh, welcomed India’s ‘Look East’ policy and the decision to set up a separate mission for the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and a full resident Ambassador for the region. He pledged India’s support to an association of ASEAN economic community in 2015.

Question 22.
Write a note on five areas of cooperation within India-ASEAN.
Answer:
AREAS of co-operation within India-Asean:
1. Functional Cooperation:
ASEAN was seen by India as a rapidly growing region with enermous potential. ASEAN-India functional co-operation is diverse and includes cooperation across a range of sectors, such as trade, science and technology, agriculture, environment, Human resource development, space science, new and renewable energy, information and communication technology, telecommunications, transport and infrastructure, tourism, culture, health and pharmaceuticals.

2. Economic Cooperation:
The volume oftrade and Investment flows between ASEAN and India has been increasing at a helalthy pace, but remains relatively low compared to other dialogue partners of ASEAN. ASEAN is the fourth largesl trading partner of lndia, after the EU, United States and China. Recognizing the economic potential of closer linkages both sides agreed for more committed trade and investment cooperation and agreed to set-up ASEAN-India Free trade Area (ASEAN-India FTA).

The ASEAN India FTA will see tariff liberalization of over 90% of products traded between the two dynamic regions, including these called ‘Special products’ such as palm oil (crude and refined), coffee, black tea, and pepper. Tariffs on over 4,000 Procuct lines will be eliminated at the earliest by 2016.

The ASEAN-India Trade-in-Goods Agreement was signed on 13th August, 2009 at the ASEAN-India, Economic Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok and became fully operational from 1st August 2011.

3. Peace And Security Cooperation:
India has been actively participating in various consultative meetings under dialogue and co-operation frameworks intiated by ASEAN, such as ASEAN-Regional Forum (ARF), ASEAN-Defense Ministers Meeting plus (ADMM plus) and expanded ASEAN-Maritime forum, for promoting peace, secu-rity, stability and development in the region.

(Asia-Pacific). ASEAN and India commemorated the 20th anniversary of dialogue-level partnership with a commemorative summit in New Delhi under the theme ‘ASEAN-India partnersbip for peace and shared prosperity’ in Dec 2012.

4. Tourism Sector:
The 4th ASEAN-India Tourism ministers meeting was held in Vietnam in January 2013, where a prolocal to amend the, MOU on strengthening Tourism Cooperation between ASEAN and India was signed and ASEAN-India Tourism website (www.indiaasean.org) was launched. VISA on arrival facility was extended to 7 ASEAN countries. (Laos, Combodia, Vietnam, Mymanmar, Singapore, Indoneisa, Philippines)

5. Summit Level Cooperation:
The third ASEAN-India summit was held in november 2004 in Vietnam where India-ASEAN signed partnership for peace progress and shared prosperity. In the sixth summit level meeting in November 2007, India-ASEAN green fund was announced.

In the seventh summit level meeting in Cha-am-Hua-Hin in October 2009 a contribution of USD- 50 Million to ASEAN-India Co-op Fund was announced. The 11th ASEAN-India summit in October 2013 India support to an association of ASEAN economic community.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 23.
Write briefly about the role of India in the establishment Of the SAARC.
Answer:
Role of India in the establishment of SAARC:
During 1960’s and 70’s the tendency towards regional arrangements became much more Despite many hurdles. The emergence of Bangladesh and the infra agreement of 1972, became turning point towards the regional cooperation. President Zia-ur-Rahman discussed the issue of regional co-operation with the then new Indian Prime Minister Moraiji Desai.

He had also in formally discussed the idea of regional cooperation with the leaders of soutn Asian Countries during the regional and international meetings. Between 1980 and 1983, four meetings at the foreign secretary level took place to establish the principles of the organisation and to identify the areas of co-operation. Foreign Ministers’ meeting were held between 1963 and 1985.

The first neeting of Foreign Ministers was held in New Delhi on 1st and 2nd August, 1983. In the inaugural address, the then P.M of India Smt. Indira Gandhi described south Asia as a troubled region, and ‘I am glad we are making a beginning, we have our political differences, but economic cooperation will give a strong impetus to closer friendship and greater stability in South Asia. With unity we can hope to move ahead future freedom, peace and prosperity.’

Question 24.
Explain any five areas of regional cooperation in the SAARC region.
Answer:
Regional Cooperation In SAARC:
1. Summit Level Cooperation:
India has participated in all summit level meetings. The 16th SAARC summit was held in New Delhi on 3rd and 4th April 2007. The then P.M of India Mr. Rajiv Gandhi attended the first SAARC summit held in Bangladesh in 1985. The second SAARC summit was held in Bangalore, in November 1986.

Talks were held between the Indian and Pakistani prime Ministers which led to diffusion of tension between the two countries. The India Sri Lankan talks at the 1987 SAARC foreign ministers meeting led to their accord on the Tamil problem. The 8th SAARO summit was held in New Delhi in May 1995. India acquired the chairmanship of SAARC in April 2007.

2. SAARC Regional Centers:
There are nine SAARC regional centers located in member countries. India is extending all regional level cooperation. India has two regional SAARC centres.
1) SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC)-New Delhi
2) SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC)-New Delhi.

3. SAARC Development Fund:
It is for the welfare of the people of SAARC region. India is one of the major contributors of SAARC Development Fund. The fund has three areas of action, social, economic and infrastructure. India has offered UST100 million for SAARC fund to be utilized for projects in other SAARC countries. India has also contributed to projects on natural disasters, epidemics HIV/AIDS and Avian FLU and Terrorism

4. Economic Cooperation:
The SAARC-Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) was signed in 1993. Four rounds of trade negotiations have been concluded. The objective of moving towards a South-Asion Economic Union (SAEU), led to the agreement on South-Asian (FTA) (Free Trade Area) (SATTA) It was signed during the twelfth summit in Islamabad in January 2004.

The sixth south-Asian Economic summit was held in Sri Lanka on 4th September 2013. India, being an important member, intiated steps to ensure that the nations go beyond the rhetoric and make the summit meaningful in the future. Creation of Export zones and special economic zones, in each of the SAARC member country as pointed out by the industrial bodies, will enhance investment and encourage intra-SAARC investments.

5. Educational Cooperation:
During the thirteenth SAARC summit held in November 2005 in Dhaka, India proposed to create a centre of excellence, in form of a ‘South Asian University (SAU)’, which can provide world class facilities and professional faculty to students and researchers, drawn from each country of the region.

The South Asian University is established in India. It is facilitating many south asian student’s community for their higher education. The first academic session of SAU commenced on 26th August 2010.

Question 25.
Discuss the origin of the BRICSnation’s regional cooperation.
Answer:
Orgin of BRICS Nation’s Regional Co-operation:
The leaders of BRIC countries-Russian president valimir putin, Indian Prime Minister Man mohan sing., and Chinese President HU Jintoorheld the first summit in st peter’s sarg July 17,2006 as part of the G-8 summit conference rogram. later on, Brazil jointed the SUMIT meeting.

The Foreign miniters of the initial four Brie states Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) met in new york in September 2006, Beginning a series of high-level meetings. Foreign Ministers, who had talks in October 2007 decided to formalize collaboration in a number of areas and to appoint their supervisors.

They singled out agriculture, the prevention of natural calamities and re-habilitation after natural Disasters, promotion of health-care, as the most promising areas of Co-operation. The Co-operative efforts are supervised by China, Russia and India respectively. Various events are organised, in the respective fields, including contacts among the appropriate agencies of power and trilateral confrences of experts.

A full-fledged diplomatic meeting wa held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, on 16 July 2009 with BRIC Leaders Luiz Inacio Lula da silva, Dmilry Medvedev, Manmohan singh and Hu jintao with respective BRIC nations. The Summit focussed on the means of inproving the Global economic situation and reforming financial institutions, and discussed now the four countries could better cooperate in the future.

There was further discussion of ways that developing countries, such as the BRIC members could become more involved in global affairs. In the aftermath of the Yekaterinburg summit, the BRIC nations announced the need for a new global currency, which would have to be “diversified, stable and predictable”.

In 2010, South Africa joined BRIC and became an official member on 24 December 2010. The group was named ‘BRICS’ after the inclusion of South Africa. The ‘BRICS’ forum nations pledged USD 75 Billion to boost the lending power of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This loan was conditional on IMF voting reforms.

During the BRICS summit in March 2013, in Durban, South-Africa, the member countries agreed to create a global finacial institution when they intended to rival the west-dominated IMF. After the summit, the BRICS stated that they planned to finalise the establishment of this new Development Bank by 2014. IMF data suggests that the BRICS coun-tries aggregate share in global GDP is al 8% in 2000 and 12% in 2007.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 26.
Explain briefly about India’s position in BRICS.
Answer:
Orgin of BRICS Nation’s Regional Co-operation:
The leaders of BRIC countries-Russian president valimir putin, Indian Prime Minister Man mohan sing., and Chinese President HU Jintoorheld the first summit in st peter’s sarg July 17,2006 as part of the G-8 summit conference rogram. later on, Brazil jointed the SUMIT meeting.

The Foreign miniters of the initial four Brie states Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) met in newyork in September 2006, Beginning a series of high-level meetings. Foreign Ministers, who had talks in October 2007 decided to formalize collaboration in a number of areas and to appoint their supervisors.

They singled out agriculture, the prevention of natural calamities and re-habilitation after natural Disasters, promotion of health-care, as the most promising areas of Co-operation. The Co-operative efforts are supervised by China, Russia and India respectively. Various events are organised, in the respective fields, including contacts among the appropriate agencies of power and trilateral confrences of experts.

A full-fledged diplomatic meeting wa held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, on 16 July 2009 with BRIC Leaders Luiz Inacio Lula da silva, Dmilry Medvedev, Manmohan singh and Hu jintao with respective BRIC nations. The Summit focussed on the means of inproving the Global economic situation and reforming financial institutions, and discussed now the four countries could better cooperate in the future.

There was further discussion of ways that developing countries, such as the BRIC members could become more involved in global affairs. In the aftermath of the Yekaterinburg summit, the BRIC nations announced the need for a new global currency, which would have to be “diversified, stable and predictable”.

In 2010, South Africa joined BRIC and became an official member on 24 December 2010. The group was named ‘BRICS’ after the inclusion of South Africa. The ‘BRICS’ forum nations pledged USD 75 Billion to boost the lending power of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This loan was conditional on IMF voting reforms.

During the BRICS summit in March 2013, in Durban, South-Africa, the member countries agreed to create a global finacial institution when they intended to rival the west-dominated IMF. After the summit, the BRICS stated that they planned to finalise the establishment of this new Development Bank by 2014. IMF data suggests that the BRICS countries aggregate share in global GDP is al 8% in 2000 and 12% in 2007.

IV. Ten Marks Questions.

Question 1.
What is international relations and describe its importance?
Answer:
International relations is the exchange, transactions, contracts, flow of information and the resulting behavioural response between and among seperate organised countries. International relations encompasses activities such as social, economic, religious and others. It is also political activities across international borders, ieremy Benthan in the later part of the 18th C.

International relations is a dynamic discipline which tries to explain political activites across the state boundries. Its transition is followed by developments in international system. It was practised in ancient Greece, Egypt, China and India.
“International relations are the study of all forms of interactions that exist between members of seperate entities or nations within the international system.” – Ola Josheph.

International relation is concerned with all the exchange transactions, contracts, flow of information and the resulting behavioural response between and among seperate organised societies. International relations could encompass many different activities such as socially economic, religious and others.
“Power is the key to international relations” – H. J.Morgenthau.

H. J.Morgenthau viewed that international regulations are the subjects that deal with those relations among nations with involve power status, external developments constantly influence the domestic policies. Nations are compelled to enter into dialogues, form alliances with other nations. This is to ensure the power and prestige of nations in the international community.
Importance of International Relations:

  1. The Study of lnternational Relation enables us t6 understand the basic policies and principles which contribute to the international sphere.
  2. It provides concrete solutions for international problems, by means of dialogues, bilateral, multilateral, mutal cooperations and the like.
  3. It substitutes internationalism to narrow nationalism which delimits the boundaries of states.
  4. It avoids the war, military actions or alliances and international conflicts.
  5. It considers the acceptance of the principles of collective security and disarmament, world peace and progress.
  6. It creates global feeling among the citizens of the world and promotes universal brotherhood.

Question 2.
Discuss the concepts of International Relations.
Answer:
Concepts of International Relations:
1. State Sovereignty:
The concept of state sovereignty has been described team Bodin in ‘De Republica” (1576). It is the empasisis of territorial jurisdiction of the state sovereignty and the obligation of sovereign states to respect sovereignty of other states.

No state can dictate others and all states are equal in matters of status, dignity and honour. Based on dependence and interdependence among the states, they gain or lose sovereignty. For instance India under the British imperialism lost its sovereignty and gained statehood in 1947.

2. National power:
The concept of national power is the sum total of the strength and capabilites of state harnessed and applied to the advancement of its national interests and the attainment of its national objectives. It encompasses population, territory, and military preparedness, national chartcter, economic and political power.

3. Power Blocs:
With the beginning of the cold war, two power blocs emerged i.e. USA and USSR. President ofU.S.A Harry’s Truman believed in the spread of democracy which comes Under Truman Doctorine, whereas the War Saw pact under Soviet policy sought the spread of communist ideology spread in poland, Bulgaria, Rumania and Hungary.

4. National Interest:
National Interest is the action of the state in relation to other states. As Frankel opined, it refers to the aspirations of the state. The determinants of rational interest are qualities of personalities and ideals of decision makers.

5. Polarity:
Polarities in International relations refer to the arrangement of power with in the International system. The concept arose from bi-polarity during the cold war between the two super powers West and Russia. The disintegration of the USSR has led to uni-polarity with the United States as the super power.

With rapid economic growth of china in 2010, it became the worlds second largest economy, combined with the respectable international position, China emerged as a major power in the multipolar world.

6. Balance of Power:
The concept of balance of power refers to relative power position of states as actors in International Relations, with its emphasis on the cultivation of power and the utilization of power for resolving the problem. Morgenthau used the term balance of power as an approximately equal distribution of power. It is an inseparable part of the power politics.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 3.
Discuss the developments of International Political System.
Answer:
The history or international political system can be traced back to the ‘Peace of West phalia’ (1648) and the ‘Treaty of Utrecht’ (1713). In the 19th Century the European countries set the platform to understand the need for International political system. It gradually spread to other parts of the world.

This development led to the establishment of international organisation The out-break of first world war intensitied the need for an international organisation. The ‘League of Nations’, thus was established in the year 1920. The ‘League of Nations’ was established to protect the world from the destruction of war and restoration of peace.

The heritage of ideas ad experience of world leaders helped to form the League of Nations. It was a real international organisation with legal entity, organs and agencies of its own. President Woodrow Wilson of U.S. A was the architect of this organisation. The league had three organs,

  • Assembly.
  • Council and
  • International secretariat.

If was an organised association of states for the purpose of international cooperation, settlement of disputes and prevention of future wars. But the league failed and closed in 1924. The ‘United Nations Organisation’ was establised on 24th Oct. 1945 in Sanfrancisco after the failure of the League of Nations.

The U.N has been entrusted with heavy responsibilites for the maintenance of international peace and security. The UN charter was signed by 51 countries including India. The UN charter consists of 19 chapters; III Articles and its headquarters is at New York, U. S .A.

The ‘League ofNatioris’ was established to protect the world from the destruction of war and restoration of peace. The heritage of ideas ad experience of world leaders helped to form the League of Nations. It was a real international organisation with legal entity, organs and agencies of its own. President Woodrow Wilson ofU.S. A was the architect of this organisation.
The league had three organs,

  • Assembly
  • Council and
  • International secretariat.

If was an organised association of states for the purpose of international co-operation, settlement of disputes and prevention of luture wars. But the league failed and closed in 1924.

The ‘United Nations Organisation’ was establised on 24th Oct. 1945 in San francisco after the failure of the League of Nations. The U.N has been entrusted with heavy responsibilites for the maintenance of international peace and security. The UN charter was signed by 51 countries including India. The UN charter consists of 19 chapters; III Articles and its headquarters is atNew York, U.S.A.
Growth Of U.N.O:
There are only seven official languages (Chinese, English,French, Spanish and Arabic), recognised by the UN. The present ‘Membership’ of UN is 193. There are two kinds of members in the UN. According to Art 3, there are original 51 members who had signed in earlier Declaration by un on 1st January 1942 and signed the charter and ratified it.

Q(her members are elected under Art 4 of the charter by the General Assembly on the recommendations of the security council of UN. membership is open to all peace loving countries which accept the principles of the UN charter and its obligations. There are six organs of the U.N.

  1. General Assembly
  2. Security council
  3. Economic and Social council
  4. Trusteship council
  5. Secretariat
  6. The International Court of Justice.

The U.N. has its own peace keeping force the U.N. Peace Keeping Force (UNPKF). The U.N. has agencies to facilitate its action plans. A few agencies are International Labour organisation. (ILO) Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) United Nations Development Action Framework (UNDAF), World Health Organisation (WHO) United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) etc.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 4.
Explain the structure of the United Nations and its functions.
Answer:
Structure:
The ‘United Nations Organisation’ was establised on 24th Oct. 1945 in San francisco after the failure of the League of Nations. The U.N has been entrusted with heavy responsibilites for the maintenance of international peace and security. The UN charter was signed by 51 countries including India. The UN charter consists of 19 chapters; III Articles and its headquar-ters is atNew York, U.S.A.
Growth Of U.N.O:
There are only seven official languages (Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Arabic), recognised by the UN. The present ‘Membership’ of UN is 193. There are two kinds of members in the UN. According to Art 3, there are original 51 members who had signed in earlier Declaration by un on 1st January 1942 and signed the charter and ratified it.

Q(her members are elected under Art 4 of the charter by the General Assembly on the recommendations of the security council of UN. membership is open to all peace loving countries which accept the principles of the UN charter and its obligations. There are six organs of the U.N.

  1. General Assembly
  2. Security council
  3. Economic and Social council
  4. Trusteship council
  5. Secretariat
  6. The International Court of Justice.

The U.N. has its own peace keeping force the U.N. Peace Keeping Force (UNPKF). The U.N. has agencies to facilitate its action plans. A few agencies are International Labour organisation. (ILO) Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) United Nations Development Action Framework (UNDAF), World Health Organisation (WHO) United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) etc.
Purpose And Functions: The purpose of U.N is in Art 1 of the charter.

  1. To maintain international peace and security.
  2. To develop friendly relations among the nations.
  3. To seek cooperation in solving international economic, Social, cultural and humanitarian problems.
  4. To get cooperation in promoting respect for human rights.
  5. To maintain freedom for all without discrimination on the basis of race, sex, languages or religion.

Principles:
Princes of U.N.O (Asin Art-2 of un charter):

  1. The UN based on the sovereign equality of all its members.
  2. All members shall fulfill in good faith the UN charter obligations.
  3. They shall settle international disputes by peaceful means.
  4. They have to retain their international relations from threat or use of force against other states.
  5. They have to extend all help to the action taken by the U.N.
  6. The U.N shall ensure that states who are not members act in accordance with the principles of U.N.
  7. The organisation shall not intervene in matters essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state.

Organs of U.N.O and their Functions:
1. General Assembly: Role of un General Assembly.

  • It is the paramount and central organ or the UN.
  • It is a world legislative body.
  • It performs deliberative, supervisory, financial, elective and constituent functions.
  • The U.N. General Assembly has to meet annually in September.
  • It has to meet at special sessions and emergency sessions.
  • It functions through several committees.
  • It elects 15 judges to the international court of justice along with the security council.
  • The Secretary General is the head of the UN General Assembly.
  • It determines the salary and pension of the ICI Judges.

2. Security Council:
The Security Council is the enforcement wing (world executive body) of the united nations. It is the most powerful organ or the UNO. Its main responsibility is to maintain world peace and security. It consists of 15 members. Five ofthem are permanent members (U.K, USA, Russia, France and China) while the other ten are non-permanent members.

Permanent member have ‘Veto-Power’. Ten Non-Permanent members are represented by the elected representatives who are elected by the General Assembly for a term of two years.

3. International Court of Justice:
It is the judicial organ of UN. It settles the International disputes in conformity with justice and international law. It head quarters is situated in the Hague. The members of UN are also members of ICJ. The ICJ consists of 15 Judges elected by the General Assembly and Security Council by an absolute majority.

They belong to different member countries who are highly reputed International law experts. Their term is 9 yrs. They enjoy diplomatic privileges. The expenditure of the ICJ is borne by the UN. The president and vicepresident are elected by the UN amongst themselves for a period of 3 years. They may be reelected. The salary and pension or the Judges is determined by UN General Assembly.

4. UN secretariat:
Carries on the Administrative functions of U.N. It is headed by ‘ Secretary General’ He is the C.E.O ofU.N. and appointed for 5 yrs. by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. The term of office can be extended by another five years. The present ‘Secretary General’ is Ban-Ki-Moon.
The functions of Secretary-General are,

  • He controls and directs the UN secretariat.
  • Acts as a secretary for all the organs of U.N.
  • Prepares the Annual Budget of the UN.
  • Visits the member countries on official purposes.

5. The Economic And Social Council:
Role of un Economic And Social council:
The objective of the un Economic and social council is to achieve co-operation in solving international issues of economic, social, cultural and humanitarian character. It consists of 54 members elected by the General Assembly for a period of three years. On the basis of geographical representation 1/3rd of the members retire every year.

The council elects its own president for one year it meets at least thrice a year. The council has set up various, commissions, committees, adhoc committees and special bodies through which the organ works.

6. Trusteeship Council:
Handles and administers ‘Trust Terroritbries’. But this council was suspended on 1st november 1994 with the independence of the Republic of Puhu, the last US trust territory.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 5.
Describe the origin and development of international organizations.
Answer:
Growth Of International Organisations:
Modern age is the age of international cooperation. No state can live in isolation. To ensure systematic relations between various states, agencies and methods of international co-operation these organisations have emerged. The origin ofthe international organisation can be traced back to Greece, Where the Amplictyonic league was established in the early 6th CBC, with a view to regulate the interstate relations, to avoid war and to promote unity among nations.

The next important milestone in the development of international organisation is the treaty of West Phalia (1648), the peace of west phalia (1648), the peace of Utrecht (1713). the congress of Vienna (1815), the Hague conference (1907) played a major role in the creatio of international organisation.

Later on, the important agencies and unions like European Commission (1856), International Bureau of Telegraphic Administration (1868), Universal Postal Union (1875), International office of Health (1903), Intema The notable international organisation, ‘The League of Nations’ was established after the first world war on 10th January 1920.

To resolve international disputes, to promote international cooperation and to ensure the fulfillment of accepted international obligations. The ‘League of Nations’ failed due to structural weaknessess. But its contribution to the growth of international organisations can not be overlooked.

The ‘United Nations Organisation’ was created after the II world war, which was based in the Teague of Nations’. The U.N.O was formed in 1945. The UN deals with collective security and peace, economic and social development, and international law and human rights. To have control over International organisation many countries have come together and formed groups such as G-5, G-7, G-8, and G-20.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 6.
Explain the meaning and definitions of the regional organizations and its growth in international politics.
Answer:
Regional organisations are institutions that express a particlar identity and shape collective action with the region. Regional organisations are formed for the creation and implementation of institutions that express a particular identity and shape collective action within the region.

Origin and growth of regional organisation:
Regional organisation have become an important and effective in the political and economic interaction of the modem world. The end of ‘Cold War ’ paved the way for regional organizations on the basis of regionalism Regionalism is a commonsense of identity and purpose. Regionalism is flexible and different from one particular region to another in the world arena.

Regional organisations is a formal association of sovereign states of particular region with permanent organisation. The U.N. charter stressed the role of regional organisations to maintain the International peace and security. Regional organisations represent groups of states sharing geographical, political, economic and sociocultural Interests.

For Eg: The Arab league (1945), The European Economic Community (E.E.C) in 1958, The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1960, The Organisation of African Union (1963). The ‘European Union’ (EU) provided the economic model for other regional organisations such as the Association of SouthEast Asian Naions (ASEAN) in 1969. The South-Asian Association For Regional cooperation (SAARC) in 1985, The Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa (BRICS) (2010).

The regional organisation ASEAN-India colloboration have demonstrated their commitment and shared interest in promoting peace, security, stability and prosperity In the world. The ASEAN is the forum for promoting peace, stability and prosperity in the dynamic asia, pacific region. ASEAN and India commemorated the 20th anniversary of dialogue level partnership and the 10th anniversary of summit level partnership with a commerative summit in New delhi under the theme LASEN-India partnership for peace and shared pro sperity in december 2012.

The informal talks between the Indian and Pakistani prime ministers at the 2nd SAARC summit meeting at Bangalore, India in November 1986 led to the diffusion of tension between the two countries, on the issues of Indias military exersise. Operation Brass Tacks’, on the Indo-Pakistan border, and the India-Sri Lanka talks at the 1987 SAARC foreign ministers’ Meeting led to their accord on the Tamil problem.

Role of India in the establishment of SAARC:
During 1960’s and 70’s the tendency towards regional arrangements became much more Despite many hurdles. The emergence of Bangladesh and the infra agreement of 1972, became turning point towards the regional cooperation. President Zia-ur-Rahman discussed the issue of regional co-operation with the then new Indian Prime Minister Moraiji Desai.

He had also in formally discussed the idea of regional cooperation with the leaders of soutn Asian Countries during the regional and international meetings. Between 1980 and 1983, four meetings at the foreign secretary level took place to establish the principles of the organisation and to identify the areas of co-operation. Foreign Ministers’ meeting were held between 1963 and 1985.

The first neeting of Foreign Ministers was held in New Delhi on 1st and 2nd August, 1983. In the inaugural address, the then P.M of India Smt. Indira Gandhi described south Asia as a troubled region, and ‘I am glad we are making a beginning, we have our political differences, but economic cooperation will give a strong impetus to closer friendship and greater stability in South Asia. With unity we can hope to move ahead future freedom, peace and prosperity.

Orgin of BRICS Nation’s Regional Co-operation:
The leaders of BRIC countries-Russian president valimir putin, Indian Prime Minister Man mohan sing., and Chinese President HU Jintoorheld the first summit in st peter’s sarg July 17,2006 as part of the G-8 summit conference rogram. later on, Brazil jointed the SUMIT meeting.

The Foreign miniters of the initial four Brie states Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) met in newyork in September 2006, Beginning a series of high-level meetings. Foreign Ministers, who had talks in October 2007 decided to formalize collaboration in a number of areas and to appoint their supervisors.

They singled out agriculture, the prevention of natural calamities and re-habilitation after natural Disasters, promotion of health-care, as the most promising areas of Co-operation. The Co-operative efforts are supervised by China, Russia and India respectively. Various events are organised, in the respective fields, including contacts among the appropriate agencies of power and trilateral confrences of experts.

A full-fledged diplomatic meeting wa held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, on 16 July 2009 with BRIC Leaders Luiz Inacio Lula da silva, Dmilry Medvedev, Manmohan singh and Hu jintao with respective BRIC nations. The Summit focussed on the means of inproving the Global economic situation and reforming financial institutions, and discussed now the four countries could better cooperate in the future.

There was further discussion of ways that developing countries, such as the BRIC members could become more involved in global affairs. In the aftermath of the Yekatrinburg summit, the BRIC nations announced the need for a new global currency, which would have to be “diversified, stable and predictable”.

In 2010, South Africa joined BRIC and became an official member on 24 December 2010. The group was named ‘BRICS’ after the inclusion of South Africa. The ‘BRICS’ forum nations pledged USD 75 Billion to boost the lending power of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This loan was conditional on IMF voting reforms.

During the BRICS summit in March 2013, in Durban, South-Africa, the member countries agreed to create a global finacial institution when they intended to rival the west-dominated IMF. After the summit, the BRICS stated that they planned to finalise the establishment of this new Development Bank by 2014. IMF data suggests that the BRICS countries aggregate share in global GDP is al 8% in 2000 and 12% in 2007.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 7.
Discuss about the India’s role in the establishment of UN and its progress.
Answer:
Independent India viewed its membership of the United Nations as a guarantee for maintaining international peace and security. The UN membership has also served as an opportunity for the leadership in world affairs. India stood at the fore-front during the UN’s tumultous ous years of struggle against colonialism, apartheid, global disarmament and creation of more equitable international economic order.

India is undertaking sincere steps to find ways to adopt these challenges. An integral part of such efforts is collective action and adoption of multilateral approaches in resolving transnational issues under the auspices of the United Nations. India has used the platform of General Assembly for voicing against imperialism, colonialism and apartheid.

In 1954, India took a Leading part in securing political sanctions against the racialist region of South Africa. In 1965, it supported the UN sponnsored economic boycott bTRhodesia. It gave full support to the Angolari Liberation Movement and to the cause of independence of Namibia.

India also played an active role in setting op of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and calling for the creation of a kitemational Economic order (NIED). India is the member of the united nations Educational; Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) International Labour Organisation (ILO), World Health Organisation (FAO) United Nations International Emergency Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Development Programmes (UNOP), United Nations Development Organisation (UNIDO) etc.

India is committed to assist UN by presiding military troops for the maintenance of international peace and security to the UNPKF. India has deputed more than one lakh troops to participate in plenty of peace keeping missions since 1950. Eg Korea (1950-54), Somalia (1993-94) etc. India is among the top 12 mega centers of the world in terms of its genetic diversity. It is commited to a global partnership that seeks to protect the environment.

India is committed to assist the UN by providing military troops to participate in maintaining of international peace and security. India has deputed more than one Lakh troops to the UNPKF missions since 1950. Eg: Korea (1950-54), Middle East (1956-57), Congo (1960-64), Somalia (1993-94), Afganistan (1993), Haiti (1993), Angola (1989-99), Ethiopia-eritrea (1006-08), Lebanon (1998), Ivory coast (UNOC1) (2004), Liberia (2007), South Sudan (2013-14).

The high standards of performance maintained consistently by the Indian troops and police men deployed on UN Missions under challenging circumstances have won high regard world-wide.

Five areas of Co-Operation Of India-U.N.
Independent India viewed its membership of the United Nations as a guarantee for maintaining international peace and security. The UN membership has also served as an opportunity for the leadership in world affairs. India stood at the fore-front during the UN’s tumultous ous years of struggle against colonialism, apartheid, global disarmament and creation of more equitable international economic order.

India is undertaking sincere steps to find ways to adopt these challenges. An integral part of such efforts is collective action and adoption of multilateral approaches in resolving transnational issues under the auspices of the United Nations. India has used the platform of General Assembly for voicing against imperialism, colonialism and apartheid.

In 1954, India took a Leading part in securing political sanctions against the racialist region of South Africa. In 1965, it supported the UN sponnsored economic boycott bTRhodesia. It gave full support to the Angolari Liberation Movement and to the cause of independence of Namibia.

India also played an active role in setting op of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Developmeht (UNCTAD) and calling for the creation of a kitemational Economic order (NIED). India is the member of the united nations Educational; Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) International Labour Organisation (ILO), World Health Organisation (FAO) United Nations International Emergency Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Development Programmes (UNOP), United Nations Development Organisation (UNIDO) etc.

India is committed to assist UN by presiding military troops for the maintenance of international peace and security to the UNPKF. India has deputed more than one lakh troops to participate in plenty of peace keeping missions since 1950. Eg Korea (1950-54), Somalia (1993-94) etc. India is among the top 12 mega centers of the world in terms of its genetic diversity. It is commited to a global partnership that seeks to protect the environment.

India is committed to assist the UN by providing military troops to participate in maintaining of international peace and security. India has deputed more than one Lakh troops to the UNPKF missions since 1950. Eg: Korea (1950-54), Middle East (1956-57), Congo (1960-64), Somalia (1993-94), Afganistan (1993), Haiti (1993), Angola (1989-99), Ethiopia-eritrea (1006-08), Lebanon (1998), Ivory coast (UNOC1) (2004), Liberia (2007), South Sudan (2013-14).

The high standards of performance maintained consistently by the Indian troops and police men deployed on UN Missions under challenging circumstances have won high regard world-wide.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 8.
Explain the major areas of cooperation of INDIA-UN.
Answer:
Independent India viewed its membership of the United Nations as a guarantee for maintaining international peace and security. The UN membership has also served as an opportunity for the leadership in world affairs. India stood at the fore-front during the UN’s tumultous ous years of struggle against colonialism, apartheid, global disarmament and creation of more equitable international economic order.

India is undertaking sincere steps to find ways to adopt these challenges. An integral part of such efforts is collective action and adoption of multilateral approaches in resolving transnational issues under the auspices of the United Nations. India has used the platform of General Assembly for voicing against imperialism, colonialism and apartheid.

In 1954, India took a Leading part in securing political sanctions against the racialist region of South Africa. In 1965, it supported the UN sponsored economic boycott bTRhodesia. It gave full support to the Angolari Liberation Movement and to the cause of independence of Namibia.

India also played an active role in setting op of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and calling for the creation of a kitemational Economic order (NIED). India is the member of the united nations Educational; Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) International Labour Organisation (ILO), World Health Organisation (FAO) United Nations International Emergency Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Development Programmes (UNOP), United Nations Development Organisation (UNIDO) etc.

India is committed to assist UN by presiding military troops for the maintenance of international peace and security to the UNPKF. India has deputed more than one lakh troops to participate in plenty of peace keeping missions since 1950. Eg Korea (1950-54), Somalia (1993-94) etc. India is among the top 12 mega centers of the world in terms of its genetic diversity. It is commited to a global partnership that seeks to protect the environment.

India is committed to assist the UN by providing military troops to participate in maintaining of international peace and security. India has deputed more than one Lakh troops to the UNPKF missions since 1950. Eg: Korea (1950-54), Middle East (1956-57), Congo (1960-64), Somalia (1993-94), Afganistan (1993), Haiti (1993), Angola (1989-99), Ethiopia-eritrea (1006-08), Lebanon (1998), Ivory coast (UNOC1) (2004), Liberia (2007), South Sudan (2013-14).

The high standards of performance maintained consistently by the Indian troops and police men deployed on UN Missions under challenging circumstances have won high regard world-wide.

Question 9.
Explain the areas of regional cooperation of SAARC.
Answer:
AREAS of Co-operation within India-Asean:
1. Functional Cooperation:
ASEAN was seen by India as a rapidly growing region with enermous potential. ASEAN-India functional co-operation is diverse and includes cooperation across a range of sectors, such as trade, science and technology, agriculture, environment, Human resource development, space science, new and renewable energy, information and communication technology, telecommunications, transport and infrastructure, tourism, culture, health and pharmaceuticals.

2. Economic Cooperation:
The volume oftrade and Investment flows between ASEAN and India has been increasing at a healthy pace, but remains relatively low compared to other dialogue partners of ASEAN. ASEAN is the fourth largest trading partner of lndia, after the EU, United States and China. Recognizing the economic potential of closer linkages both sides agreed for more committed trade and investment cooperation and agreed to set-up ASEAN-India Free trade Area (ASEAN-India FTA).

The ASEAN India FTA will see tariff liberalization of over 90% of products traded between the two dynamic regions, including these called ‘Special products’ such as palm oil (crude and refined), coffee, black tea, and pepper. Tariffs on over 4,000 Procuct lines will be eliminated at the earliest by 2016.

The ASEAN-India Trade-in-Goods Agreement was signed on 13th August, 2009 at the ASEAN-India, Economic Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok and became fully operational from 1st August 2011.

3. Peace And Security Cooperation:
India has been actively participating in various consultative meetings under dialogue and co-operation frameworks intiated by ASEAN, such as ASEAN-Regional Forum (ARF), ASEAN-Defense Ministers Meeting plus (ADMM plus) and expanded ASEAN-Maritime forum, for promoting peace, security, stability and development in the region.

(Asia-Pacific). ASEAN and India commemorated the 20th anniversary of dialogue-level partnership with a commemorative summit in New Delhi under the theme ‘ASEAN-India partnership for peace and shared prosperity’ in Dec 2012.

4. Tourism Sector:
The 4th ASEAN-India Tourism ministers meeting was held in Vietnam in January 2013, where a prolocal to amend the, MOU on strengthening Tourism Cooperation between ASEAN and India was signed and ASEAN-India Tourism website (www.indiaasean.org) was launched. VISA on arrival facility was extended to 7 ASEAN countries. (Laos, Combodia, Vietnam, Mymanmar, Singapore, Indoneisa, Philippines)

5. Summit Level Cooperation:
The third ASEAN-India summit was held in november 2004 in Vietnam where India-ASEAN signed partnership for peace progress and shared prosperity. In the sixth summit level meeting in November 2007, India-ASEAN green fund was announced.

In the seventh summit level meeting in Cha-am-Hua-Hin in October 2009 a contribution of USD- 50 Million to ASEAN-India Co-op Fund was announced. The 11th ASEAN-India summit in October 2013 India support to an association of ASEAN economic community.

6. People To People contacts:
In order to achieve a people-to-people contacts, a number of initiatives have been taken under the ‘apex bodies of the SAARC. Like SAARC Law (an association for persons of the legal communities of SAARC countries) The SAARC chamber of commerce and Industry (SCCI). The Governors of the central Banks of member states of SAARC Finance.

For strengthing Co-operation in informa-tion and media related activities of the Association, the Heads of National Telivision ans Radio Organisations of member countries meet annually. The SAARC Audio-Visual exchange (SAVE) Committee disseminates information both on SAARC and its member states through regular Radio and JV pro grammes.

7. Terrorism:
The heads of state or Govt during summit meetings underscored the importance of controlling terorism is tile rigion, calling on deepened co-operation and improvements on implementing the SAARC Regional convention on supression of terrorism and the additional protocol of SAARC.

India continued to stress the importance of achieving a comprehensive convention on International Terrorism SAARC Home Ministers met in Maladives on 26th September 2013 to bolster regional Co-operation in combating the menances of terrorism, drugtrafficing, organised crimes and maritime security and piracy.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 10.
Discuss India’s role and position with SAARC nations.
Answer:
Role of India in the establishment of SAARC:
During 1960’s and 70’s the tendency towards regional arrangements became much more Despite many hurdles. The emergence of Bangladesh and the infra agreement of 1972, became turning point towards the regional cooperation. President Zia-ur-Rahman discussed the issue of regional co-operation with the then new Indian Prime Minister Moraiji Desai.

He had also in formally discussed the idea of regional cooperation with the leaders of soutn Asian Countries during the regional and international meetings. Between 1980 and 1983, four meetings at the foreign secretary level took place to establish the principles of the organisation and to identify the areas of co-operation. Foreign Ministers’ meeting were held between 1963 and 1985.

The first meeting of Foreign Ministers was held in New Delhi on 1st and 2nd August, 1983. In the inaugural address, the then P.M of India Smt. Indira Gandhi described south Asia as a troubled region, and ‘I am glad we are making a beginning, we have our political differences, but economic cooperation will give a strong impetus to closer friendship and greater stability in South Asia. With unity we can hope to move ahead future freedom, peace and prosperity.

Regional Cooperation In SAARC:
1. Summit Level Cooperation:
India has participated in all summit level meetings. The 16th SAARC summit was held in New Delhi on 3rd and 4th April 2007. The then P.M of India Mr. Rajiv Gandhi attended the first SAARC summit held in Bangladesh in 1985. The second SAARC summit was held in Bangalore, in November 1986.

Talks were held between the Indian and Pakistani prime Ministers which led to diffusion of tension between the two countries. The India Sri Lankan talks at the 1987 SAARC foreign ministers meeting led to their accord on the Tamil problem. The 8th SAARO summit was held in New Delhi in May 1995. India acquired the chairmanship of SAARC in April 2007.

2. SAARC Regional Centers:
There are nine SAARC regional centers located in member countries. India is extending all regional level cooperation. India has two regional SAARC centres.

  • SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC)-New Delhi
  • SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC)-New Delhi.

3. SAARC Development Fund:
It is for the welfare of the people of SAARC region. India is one of the major contributors of SAARC Development Fund. The fund has three areas of action, social, economic and infrastructure. India has offered UST100 million for SAARC fund to be utilized for projects in other SAARC countries. India has also contributed to projects on natural disasters, epidemics HIV/AIDS and Avivan FLU and Terrorism

4. Economic Cooperation:
The SAARC-Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) was signed in 1993. Four rounds of trade negotiations have been concluded. The objective of moving towards a South-Asion Economic Union (SAEU), led to the agreement on South-Asian (FTA) (Free Trade Area) (SATTA) It was signed during the twelfth summit in Islamabad in January 2004.

The sixth south-Asian Economic summit was held in Sri Lanka on 4th September 2013. India, being an important member, intiated steps to ensure that the nations go beyond the rhetoric and make the summit meaningful in the future. Creation of Export zones and special economic zones, in each of the SAARC member country as pointed out by the industrial bodies, will enhance investment and encourae intra-SAARC investments.

5. Educational Cooperation:
During the thirteenth SAARC summit held in November 2005 in Dhaka, India proposed to create a centre of excellence, in form of a ‘South Asian University (SAU)’, which can provide world class facilities and professional faculty to students and researchers, drawn from each country of the region.

The South Asian University is established in India. It is facilitating many south asian student’s community for their higher education. The first academic session of SAU commenced on 26th August 2010.

Question 11.
Explain the India’s contribution towards east look policy with the ASEAN.
Answer:
Contribution of India Towards ‘Look- East ’ policy with The ASEAN India’s Liberalization policy was Inflated in 1990’s and since then, India’s relationship with ASEAN remains one of the cornerstones of Indian Foreign Policy and the very foundation of our ‘Look East’ policy.
ASEAN-india summit Level Meetings:
ASEAN and India commemorated the 20th anniversary of dialogue level partnership and the 10th anniversary of summit in New Delhi under the theme ‘Asian India Partnership for peace and shared prosperity’ in December 2012. At the third ASEAN-India summit in Vietnam in November 2004, ASEAN and India signed partnership for peace, progress and shared prosperity.

The sixth summit level meeting held November 2007 India announced setting up of an India-ASEAN green fund with an initial contribution of USD 5 million to support activities relating to climate change.

At the seventh ASEAN-India summit held in Chaan Hua Hjn in October 2009, India Announced a contribution of USO 50 million to ASEAN-India Co-operation fund to support implementation of the ASEAN-India plan of Action 2010-15, which envisages cooperation in a range of sectors in the political, economic and socio-cultural spheres for deepening and intensifying ASIAN-India Cooperation.

The 11th summit was held on Thursday, October 2013 attended by Heads of Govt of the member states and P.M.Manmohan Singh, welcomed India’s ‘Look East’ policy and the decision to set up a separate mission for the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and a full resident Ambassador for the region. He pledged India’s support to an association of ASEAN economic community in 2015.

AREAS of Co-operation within India-Asean:
1. Functional Cooperation:
ASEAN was seen by India as a rapidly growing region with enermous potential. ASEAN-India functional co-operation is diverse and includes cooperation across a range of sectors, such as trade, science and technology, agriculture, environment, Human resource development, space science, new and renewable energy, information and communication technology, telecommunications, transport and infrastructure, tourism, culture, health and pharmaceuticals.

2. Economic Cooperation:
The volume of trade and Investment flows between ASEAN and India has been increasing at a helalthy pace, but remains relatively low compared to other dialogue partners of ASEAN. ASEAN is the fourth largesl trading partner of lndia, after the EU, United States and China. Recognizing the economic potential of closer linkages both sides agreed for more committed trade and investment cooperation and agreed to set-up ASEAN-India Free trade Area (ASEAN-India FTA).

The ASEAN India FTA will see tariff liberalization of over 90% of products traded between the two dynamic regions, including these called ‘Special products’ such as palm oil (crude and refined), coffee, black tea, and pepper. Tariffs on over 4,000 Procuct lines will be eliminated at the earliest by 2016.

The ASEAN-India Trade-in-Goods Agreement was signed on 13th August, 2009 at the ASEAN-India, Economic Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok and became fully operational from 1st August 2011.

3. Peace And Security Cooperation:
India has been actively participating in various consultative meetings under dialogue and co-operation frameworks intiated by ASEAN, such as ASEAN-Regional Forum (ARF), ASEAN-Defense Ministers Meeting plus (ADMM plus) and expanded ASEAN-Maritime forum, for promoting peace, secu-rity, stability and development in the region.

(Asia-Pacific). ASEAN and India commemorated the 20th anniversary of dialogue-level partnership with a commemorative summit in New Delhi under the theme ‘ASEAN-India partnership for peace and shared prosperity’ in Dec 2012.

4. Tourism Sector:
The 4th ASEAN-India Tourism ministers meeting was held in Vietnam in January 2013, where a prolocal to amend the, MOU on strengthening Tourism Cooperation between ASEAN and India was signed and ASEAN-India Tourism website (www.indiaasean.org) was launched. VISA on arrival facility was extended to 7 ASEAN countries. (Laos, Combodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Singapore, Indoneisa, Philippines)

5. Summit Level Cooperation:
The third ASEAN-India summit was held in november 2004 in Vietnam where India-ASEAN signed partnership for peace progress and shared prosperity. In the sixth summit level meeting in November 2007, India-ASEAN green fund was announced.

In the seventh summit level meeting in Cha-am-Hua-Hin in October 2009 a contribution of USD- 50 Million to ASEAN-India Co-op Fund was announced. The 11th ASEAN-India summit in October 2013 India support to an association of ASEAN economic community.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 12.
Described the India-ASEAN areas of co-operation in detail.
Answer:
AREAS of Co-operation within India-Asean:
1. Functional Cooperation:
ASEAN was seen by India as a rapidly growing region with enermous potential. ASEAN-India functional co-operation is diverse and includes cooperation across a range of sectors, such as trade, science and technology, agriculture, environment, Human resource development, space science, new and renewable energy, information and communication technology, telecommunications, transport and infrastructure, tourism, culture, health and pharmaceuticals.

2. Economic Cooperation:
The volume of trade and Investment flows between ASEAN and India has been increasing at a healthy pace, but remains relatively low compared to other dialogue partners of ASEAN. ASEAN is the fourth largesl trading partner of lndia, after the EU, United States and China. Recognizing the economic potential of closer linkages both sides agreed for more committed trade and investment cooperation and agreed to set-up ASEAN-India Free trade Area (ASEAN-India FTA).

The ASEAN India FTA will see tariff liberalization of over 90% of products traded between the two dynamic regions, including these called ‘Special products’ such as palm oil (crude and refined), coffee, black tea, and pepper. Tariffs on over 4,000 Product lines will be eliminated at the earliest by 2016.

The ASEAN-India Trade-in-Goods Agreement was signed on 13th August, 2009 at the ASEAN-India, Economic Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok and became fully operational from 1st August 2011.

3. Peace And Security Cooperation:
India has been actively participating in various consultative meetings under dialogue and co-operation frameworks intiated by ASEAN, such as ASEAN-Regional Forum (ARF), ASEAN-Defense Ministers Meeting plus (ADMM plus) and expanded ASEAN-Maritime forum, for promoting peace, security, stability and development in the region.

(Asia-Pacific). ASEAN and India commemorated the 20th anniversary of dialogue-level partnership with a commemorative summit in New Delhi under the theme ‘ASEAN-India partnership for peace and shared prosperity’ in Dec 2012.

4. Tourism Sector:
The 4th ASEAN-India Tourism ministers meeting was held in Vietnam in January 2013, where a protocal to amend the, MOU on strengthening Tourism Cooperation between ASEAN and India was signed and ASEAN-India Tourism website (www.indiaasean.org) was launched. VISA on arrival facility was extended to 7 ASEAN countries. (Laos, Combodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Singapore, Indoneisa, Philippines)

5. Summit Level Cooperation:
The third ASEAN-India summit was held in november 2004 in Vietnam where India-ASEAN signed partnership for peace progress and shared prosperity. In the sixth summit level meeting in November 2007, India-ASEAN green fund was announced.

In the seventh summit level meeting in Cha-am-Hua-Hin in October 2009 a contribution of USD- 50 Million to ASEAN-India Co-op Fund was announced. The 11th ASEAN-India summit in October 2013 India support to an association of ASEAN economic community.

Question 13.
Explain the origin and development of India-BRICS summit level meetings.
Answer:
Orgin of BRICS Nation’s Regional Co-operation:
The leaders of BRIC countries-Russian president valimir putin, Indian Prime Minister Man mohan sing., and Chinese President HU Jintoorheld the first summit in st peter’s sarg July 17,2006 as part of the G-8 summit conference rogram. later on, Brazil jointed the SUMIT meeting.

The Foreign miniters of the initial four Brie states Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) met in newyork in September 2006, Beginning a series of high-level meetings. Foreign Ministers, who had talks in October 2007 decided to formalize collaboration in a number of areas and to appoint their supervisors.

They singled out agriculture, the prevention of natural calamities and re-habilitation after natural Disasters, promotion of health-care, as the most promising areas of Co-operation. The Co-operative efforts are supervised by China, Russia and India respectively. Various events are organised, in the respective fields, including contacts among the appropriate agencies of power and trilateral confrences of experts.

A full-fledged diplomatic meeting wa held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, on 16 July 2009 with BRIC Leaders Luiz Inacio Lula da silva, Dmilry Medvedev, Manmohan singh and Hu jintao with respective BRIC nations. The Summit focussed on the means of inproving the Global economic situation and reforming financial institutions, and discussed now the four countries could better cooperate in the future.

There was further discussion of ways that developing countries, such as the BRIC members could become more involved in global affairs. In the aftermath of the Yekatrinburg summit, the BRIC nations announced the need for a new global currency, which would have to be “diversified, stable and predictable”.

In 2010, South Africa joined BRIC and became an official member on 24 December 2010. The group was named ‘BRICS’ after the inclusion of South Africa. The ‘BRICS’ forum nations pledged USD 75 Billion to boost the lending power of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This loan was conditional on IMF voting reforms.

During the BRICS summit in March 2013, in Durban, South-Africa, the member countries agreed to create a global finacial institution when they intended to rival the west-dominated IMF. After the summit, the BRICS stated that they planned to finalise the establishment of this new Development Bank by 2014. IMF data suggests that the BRICS countries aggregate share in global GDP is al 8% in 2000 and 12% in 2007.

The BRICS leaders had then first summit in the Chinese city of Sanys, Hainan province, April 14,2011. The first BRICS summit was held in Durban, South Africa, inmarch2013, Following this summit the BRICS countries released a point statement naming the Brazil as the host country for the 2014 leaders had agreed to set up a new International Development Bank during the 2013 summit.

The BRICS foreign ministers met on 26 September 2013 on the margins of the 68th session of the United Nations general assembly, The ministers congratulated the South Africian presidency and appreciated the good pace ofimplementaion of the action plan. The ministers exchanged their points of view on the following issues of the United Nations agenda.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 14.
Discuss the BRICS nation’s role in the emerging international order.
Answer:
AREAS of Co-operation within India-Asean:
1. Functional Cooperation:
ASEAN was seen by India as a rapidly growing region with enermous potential. ASEAN-India functional co-operation is diverse and includes cooperation across a range of sectors, such as trade, science and technology, agriculture, environment, Human resource development, space science, new and renewable energy, information and communication technology, telecommunications, transport and infrastructure, tourism, culture, health and pharmaceuticals.

2. Economic Cooperation:
The volume oftrade and Investment flows between ASEAN and India has been increasing at a healthy pace, but remains relatively low compared to other dialogue partners of ASEAN. ASEAN is the fourth largesl trading partner of lndia, after the EU, United States and China. Recognizing the economic potential of closer linkages both sides agreed for more committed trade and investment cooperation and agreed to set-up ASEAN-India Free trade Area (ASEAN-India FTA).

The ASEAN India FTA will see tariff liberalization of over 90% of products traded between the two dynamic regions, including these called ‘Special products’ such as palm oil (crude and refined), coffee, black tea, and pepper. Tariffs on over 4,000 Procuct lines will be eliminated at the earliest by 2016.

The ASEAN-India Trade-in-Goods Agreement was signed on 13th August, 2009 at the ASEAN-India, Economic Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok and became fully operational from 1st August 2011.

3. Peace And Security Cooperation:
India has been actively participating in various consultative meetings under dialogue and co-operation frameworks initiated by ASEAN, such as ASEAN-Regional Forum (ARF), ASEAN-Defense Ministers Meeting plus (ADMM plus) and expanded ASEAN-Maritime forum, for promoting peace, security, stability and development in the region.

(Asia-Pacific). ASEAN and India commemorated the 20th anniversary of dialogue-level partnership with a commemorative summit in New Delhi under the theme ‘ASEAN-India partnership for peace and shared prosperity’ in Dec 2012.

4. Tourism Sector:
The 4th ASEAN-India Tourism ministers meeting was held in Vietnam in January 2013, where a protocal to amend the, MOU on strengthening Tourism Cooperation between ASEAN and India was signed and ASEAN-India Tourism website (www.indiaasean.org) was launched. VISA on arrival facility was extended to 7 ASEAN countries. (Laos, Combodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines)

5. Summit Level Cooperation:
The third ASEAN-India summit was held in november 2004 in Vietnam where India-ASEAN signed partnership for peace progress and shared prosperity. In the sixth summit level meeting in November 2007, India-ASEAN green fund was announced.

In the seventh summit level meeting in Cha-am-Hua-Hin in October 2009 a contribution of USD-50 Million to ASEAN-India Co-op Fund was announced. The 11th ASEAN-India summit in October 2013 India support to an association of ASEAN economic community.

The BRICS nations extended lull support to the efforts of the UN Arab league representative Lakhdar Brahimi to help in finding a solution to the political crisis. The Ministers thanked Brazil for the briefly on the plans and preperations for the VI BRICS summit to be held in 2014.

2nd PUC Political Science International Relations and Politics Additional Questions and Answers

I. One Mark Questions.

Question 1.
When did international relations emerge?
Answer:
International relations emerged in the 17th C.

Question 2.
Which countries practised international relations in the ancient period?
Answer:
Greece, Egypt, China and India.

Question 3.
Who said ‘Power is the key to international relations’.
Answer:
H.J.Morgenthau.

Question 4.
What is National Interest?
Answer:
It is the aspirations of the state-Nation.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 5.
Who set the platform for the need of international political system?
Answer:
The Europen countries in the 19th C.

Question 6.
When was the ‘League of Nations’ closed?
Answer:
In 1945.

Question 7.
How many countries signed the UN charter in 1945?
Answer:
51 Countries.

Question 8.
Which article of the UN charter deals with its principles
Answer:
Article two of the UN charter.

Question 9.
Mention the Five permanent members of the UN security council.
Answer:
UK, USA, Russia, France, China.

Question 10.
Where is the International court of Justice (ICJ) situated?
Answer:
The Hague.

Question 11.
How many judges are there in the ICJ?
Answer:
15 Judges.

Question 12.
What is the term of office of ICJ Judges?
Answer:
9 Years.

Question 13.
Who is the chief Administrative officer (CEO) of the UN?
Answer:
The UN secretary General.

Question 14.
What is the term of office of the UN secretary-General?
Answer:
5 Years.

Question 15.
How many members are there in the UN economic and Social council?
Answer:
54 Members.

Question 16.
When did the trusteeship council become non-functional?
Answer:
1st Nov 1994.

Question 17.
Which International organisation was established by Ancient Greece?
Answer:
The Amphictyonic League

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 18.
When was the Hague conference held?
Answer:
In 1907.

Question 19.
Name one former UN Secretary-General.
Answer:
Bhoutros Ghali.

Question 20.
Expand OPEC.
Answer:
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Question 21.
Expand ASEAN.
Answer:
Association of South East Asian Nations.

Question 22.
Expand SAARC.
Answer:
South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation.

Question 23.
Expand UNESCO.
Answer:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

Question 24.
Expand UNPKF.
Answer:
United Nations Peace Keeping Force.

Question 25.
Expand NHRC.
Answer:
National Commission for Human Rights.

Question 26.
When was NHRC established?
Answer:
In 1993.

Question 27.
Expand WHO.
Answer:
World Health Organisation.

Question 28.
Who is the present UNICEF Ambassador for south Asia.
Answer:
Sachin Tendulkar.

Question 29.
How many members are there in ASEAN?
Answer:
Ten Members.

Question 30.
When was the ASEAN-India free trade in Goods signed?
Answer:
On 13th August 2009.

2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 International Relations and Politics

Question 31.
Name the ASEAN-India Tourism website.
Answer:
www.indiaasean.org.

Question 32.
When did India Acquire the chairmanship of SAARC?
Answer:
In April 2007.

Question 33.
How many SAARC Regional centers are there in India?
Answer:
Two Regional centers.

Question 34.
Name anyone SAARC regional centre located in India.
Answer:
SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC) in New Delhi.

Question 35.
Expand SAU.
Answer:
South Asian University.

Question 36.
When was the first BRICS summit held? Where?
Answer:
In 2011 at Sanya, China.

Question 37.
Which BRICS summit was held in India? When?
Answer:
The 4th BRICS Summit in April 2012.