Students can download Class 8 Political Science Chapter 3 Human Rights Important Questions, KSEEB Class 8 Social Science Important Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and to clear all their doubts, score well in final exams.
Karnataka State Syllabus Class 8 Social Science Political Science Important Questions Chapter 3 Human Rights
Question 1.
What are human rights?
Answer:
Human rights are rights that are essential for every human being to lead a life of dignity.
Question 2.
Explain the development of human rights.
Answer:
The roots of human rights are traced to Athens and Sparta, the two city-states of ancient Greece. We find mention of human rights in the discussions of the Greek philosophers Plato, Aristotle and Socrates. The Magna Carta signed by King John of England in 1215 C.E. granting certain rights to the people is considered a starting point for modern democracy.
John Locke presented the first systematic discussion of natural rights of human beings. The bloodless revolution of 1688 C.E. supported this idea and, as a result, in 1689 the Bill of Rights was implemented giving human rights legislative guarantee for the first time. The revolutions in America and France and the subsequent Declaration of Human Rights by these two countries are important milestones in the history of human rights.
The League of Nations that came into existence after the First World War issued a separate directive on human rights. This was followed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the UNO in 1948 which has been adopted by most of the countries of the world.
Question 3.
Write a note on Magna Carta.
Answer:
In 1215 C.E., when the people revolted against King John of England for breaking many ancient rules and traditions, the king entered into an agreement and signed the Magna Carta. As a result, the government’s interference in the church came to an end. Citizens gained the right to own private and ancestral property. It granted equality before law to all. Magna Carta is the basis of the English Constitution.
Question 4.
Mention some of the important milestones in the history of human rights.
Answer:
The Magna Carta signed by King John of England, the Bloodless Revolution of 1688, the Bill of Rights of 1689, the revolutions in America and France and the subsequent Declaration of Human Rights by these two countries are some of the important milestones in the history of human rights.
Question 5.
When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights issued by the UNO?
Answer:
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued by the UNO on December 10, 1948.
Question 6.
Human rights are essential for the universal development of human beings. Discuss.
Answer:
Human rights are universal in nature. They are essential for peaceful living, co-existence and holistic development of human beings. Human rights enable everyone to lead a life of dignity. This ensures the development of a better society. Hence human rights are essential for the universal development of human beings.
Question 7.
Distinguish between Fundamental Rights and Human Rights.
Answer:
Human rights are universal in nature and are necessary for the holistic development of human beings. They uphold the dignity of human beings. These rights cannot be enforced by a court of law in case of violation.
Fundamental Rights are guaranteed by the Constitution. They are specific in nature and are protected by the constitutional law. These rights can be enforced by the court of law in case of violation.
Question 8.
State the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
The Indian Constitution guarantees six Fundamental Rights. They are: Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, and Right to Constitutional Remedies.
Question 9.
The Supreme Court is the custodian of Fundamental Rights. Discuss.
Answer:
The Constitution has assigned the Supreme Court the responsibility of protecting the Fundamental Rights of the people. As the custodian of fundamental rights, the Supreme Court can declare any law null and void if it encroaches on the fundamental rights.
The Supreme Court has concurrent right with the High Courts to issue directions, orders and writs for enforcement of fundamental rights. These writs make the Supreme Court a protector and guarantor of fundamental rights. The Supreme Court is also the highest court of appeal in India. It is the apex body to interpret the law and the Constitution.
Question 10.
Name the institutions formed at the international level for the protection of human rights.
Answer:
The institutions formed at the international level for the protection of human rights are:
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- International Human Rights Commission.
Question 11.
Name the institutions formed in India for the protection of human rights.
Answer:
The institutions formed in India for the protection of human rights are:
- National Human Rights Commission
- State Human Rights Commission
- National Commission for Scheduled Castes
- National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
- National Commission for Backward Classes
- National Commission for Women
- National Commission for Minorities.
Question 12.
Write a note on the National Human Rights Commission.
OR
Explain the composition and functions of the National Human Rights Commission.
OR
The National Human Rights Commission is the watch dog of human rights. Substantiate.
Answer:
The National Human Rights Commission was established in 1993 for the promotion and protection of human rights in the country. It acts as a watch dog of human rights in the country. The Commission has a Chairman and four members. The Chairman should be a retired judge of the Supreme Court.
The members should be either current judges of the High Court or retired judges. Two of the members should have practical knowledge of human rights. The Commission also has four ex-officio members. The chairman and members are appointed by the President of India. A member holds office for five years or till he attains the age of seventy, whichever is earlier.
Question 13.
Write a note on the State Human Rights Commission.
Answer:
The Protection of Human Rights Act of 1993 provides for the creation of State Human Rights Commission at the state level. A State Human Rights Commission can inquire into violation of human rights related to subjects covered under state list and concurrent list The Commission has a chairman and two members.
The chairman should be a retired Chief Justice of a High Court. The other members should be serving or retired judges of a High Court or District Judges in the state with a minimum of seven years experience as District judge and persons having practical experience or knowledge related to human rights. The chairman and members are appointed by the Governor.
Question 14.
Explain the composition and functions of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes.
Answer:
The National Commission for Scheduled Castes was set up to address the issue of atrocities on scheduled castes and also identify the violation of human rights against such people and to provide relief to them.
The Commission also provides the necessary information and statistics to the central and state governments to plan various programmes for the benefit of the scheduled castes. The Commission has a chairman, a vice chairman and three members. They are appointed by the President of India.
Question 15.
Write a note on the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
Answer:
The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes came into existence as a result of the 89th amendment to the Constitution in 2003. The Commission has a chairman, a vice chairman and three members who are appointed by the President of India.
The Commission addresses the issue of atrocities on scheduled tribes and also identifies the violation of human rights against such people and provides relief to them. The Commission also provides the necessary information and statistics to the central and state governments to plan various programmes for the benefit of the scheduled tribes.
Question 16.
Write a note on the National Commission for Backward Classes.
Answer:
The National Commission for Backward Classes was set up in 1993. It has a chairman and four members. The Commission protects the rights of backward classes.
Question 17.
Write a note on the National Commission for Women.
Answer:
The National Commission for Women was established in 1992 as per the National Commission for Women Act of 1990. The Commission sensitises women on their constitutional rights. It also studies the status of women with respect to socio-economic and educational development. The Commission has a chairman and five members.
Question 18.
Write a note on the National Commission for Minorities.
Answer:
The National Commission for Minorities was set up in 1992 for the protection of minorities. Six religious communities – Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Zoroastrians (Parsis) and Jains – have been notified as religious minorities.
The Commission has a chairman, a vice chairman and five members. The functions of the Commission are to safeguard and protect the interests of minorities and to conduct studies on issues relating to socio-economic and educational development of minorities.
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
These are conducive for universal development of human beings
(A) Human rights
(B) Fundamental rights
(C) Magna Carta
(D) Preamble of UNO.
Answer:
(A) Human rights
Question 2.
Human rights were, given legislative guarantee for the first time through
(A) Magna Carta signed in 1215.
(B) French Declaration of 1789
(C) UNO’s Declaration of Human Rights, 1948
(D) Bill of Rights issued in 1689.
Answer:
(D) Bill of Rights issued in 1689.
Question 3.
Fundamental Rights are included in of the Indian Constitution.
(A) Part II
(B) Part VII
(C) Part III.
(D) Directive Principles.
Answer:
(C) Part III.
Question 4.
The Chairman of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes is appointed by the
(A) Governor
(B) President
(C) Supreme Court
(D) NHRC.
Answer:
(B) President
Fill In The Blanks
- The Universal Declaration of Human rights was issued in the year 1948
- Magna Carta was signed by King John of England.
- At present there are Six Fundamental Rights.
- Right to Property is a constitutional right.
- The Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission is appointed by President
- The Chairman of State Human Rights Commission is appointed by Governor
- The watch dog of human rights in India is National Human Rights Commission