2nd PUC Geography Model Question Paper 4 with Answers

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Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Model Question Paper 4 with Answers

Time : 3 hrs
Max. Marks : 100

Instructions:

• Graph sheets and statistical tables will be supplied on request.
• Scientific calculators may be used.
• All working steps should be clearly Shown.

Section – A

I. Answer the following questions in a sentence each: (1 × 10 = 10)

Question 1.
What is Management?
Answer:
The process of managing, controlling or conducting is called Management.

Question 2.
What are the uses of solar thermal energy?
Answer:
Solar energy is used for water heating, space heating, cooking, crops drying water desalination, industrial process heat, water pumping, power generation.

Question 3.
Which is the longest dam in India?
Answer:
Hirakud dam is the longest dam in India.

Question 4.
Which river is called sorrow of Orissa?
Answer:
River Mahanandi is called sorrow of Orissa.

Question 5.
Which is the reservoir created by the dam Thngabadra?
Answer:
Pampasagar is the reservoir created by thedam Tungabadra.

Question 6.
Classify the Industries?
Answer:
Industries are classified into Agro based C Industries, Mineral based Industries, Forest based Industries, Petrochemical Industries and Knowledge based Industries.

Question 7.
Which Industry is market oriented Industry?
Answer:
Cotton textile Industry is the market oriented Industry.

Question 8.
What do you mean by planning?
Answer:
Planning is the process by which an individual or organisation decides in advance on same future course of action. It involves the processofthinking, formulation of a scheme or programme and inplementation of a set of actions to achieve some goal.

Question 9.
What is primary sources of data?
Answer:
The data which are collected for the first time by a researcher or group of researchers, institution or organsation are called primary source of the data.

Question 10.
What is the main function or work of ISRO?
Answer:
ISRO at Bangalore is respansible for satelite building and launching.

Section – B

II. Answer any ten of the following in 2 – 3 sentence each: (2 × 10 = 20)

Question 11.
What is tidal energy ? where do you find Tidal power stations?
Answer:
The size and fall of sea water can generate energy is know as Tidal energy, Tidal power stations are established at the Gulf of Kambhat, Lakshadweep and Andaman Nicobar Island.

Question 12.
What is Dry farming?
Answer:
The farming system practised in areas which receive scanty rainfall and where irrigation facilities are either absent or limited is called “Dry farming”.

Question 13.
What is a tank?
Answer:
A tank is a natural or manmade hollow on the earth’s surface into which rain water or surface drainage is collected, stored and used for irrigation

Question 14.
Write the calculation of Birth rateDeath rate.
Answer:
Birth rate = \(\frac{\mathrm{Bi} \times 100}{\mathrm{p}}\)
Bi = Live Birth during the year
P = Estimated mid year population
Death rate = \(\frac{\mathrm{D} \times 1000}{\mathrm{P}}\)
D = Number of death
P = Estimated mid year population of the area.

Question 15.
Mention the types of Migration.
Answer:
Migration can be classified as

• International migration
• Internal Migration.

Question 16.
Name the two shipping canals of the world.
Answer:
The two shipping canals of the world are The suez and the panama canel. They are man made navigational canals or water ways which serve as gate ways of commerce for both the eastern and western worlds.

Question 17.
What is clustered pattern?
Answer:
A cluster pattern refers to the settlements which are very closer to each other. These patterns are located near the river, fertilelands, mining points etc.

Question 18.
What are the uses of gold?
Answer:
Gold is used for making ornament and jewellary, watch making, medals, Zari making, in the manufacturing of medicines, artificial teeth. It is known as international currency due to its univessal value.

Question 19.
Mention the factors necessary for Thermal electricity.
Answer:
The factors necessary for thermal electricity are:

1. There must be coal, petroleum, Ntural gas in obundance large space is required for the construction of thermal plant.
2. Abundant supply of water.

Question 20.
What are the problum of Airway of India:
Answer:
The problems of Airways of India are:

1. The air service are quite inadequate to meet the traffic requirements on many crowded routes.
2. The cost of fuel and air crafts high and India depends greatly on Foreign sources.
3. Air India faces stiff competition from foregin air companies

Question 21.
What is the difference between pure and Impure raw materials? Give example.
Answer:
Raw material are very important in the location of Industries the cost of raw material determines the cost of production. The localised raw material include iron ore, raw cotton and Sugarcane they are weight losing raw material or impure raw materials. Some of the raw meterials do not loose their weight in the process of manufacturing Ex: cotton textile industry and they are pure.

Question 22.
What are the measure taken to conserve mineral and power resources.
Answer:

1. Controlling their regular exploitation.
2. Utilizating minerals carefully
3. Using cheap substitutes of minerals or energy reso urces as raw materials.

Section – C

III. Answer any 8 of the following in 25 – 30 sentence each (5 × 8 = 40)

Question 23.
Why irrigation is essential in India? explain.
Answer:
Artificial supply of water to agricultural field to produce crops is called irrigation. India is an agricultural country, nearly 65 to 70% of the population depends upon agriculture for its livelihood. Indian agriculture depends upon the monsoon rains. It is uncertain, but also continuity rhythm and intensity.

Only irrigation can provide security from fluctuation. Rainfall in India is un equally distributed through the seasons with 75 % of the rainfall concentrate-1 during South – West monsoon season. India is badly in need of irrigation facilities for regular and adequate supply of water to agriculture production, high yield of crops, multiple, cropping, cultivation of variety of’ crops and to bring vast dry and fallow land under cultivation.

Irrigation is necessary even if the rainfall is suffient. India has long growing season which extends through out the year – provision of irrigation can make multiple cropping system sucessful.

Question 24.
Discuss the composition of population in India.
Answer:
The composition ofpopulation includes the study of sex ratio, literacy age, structure, rural and urban population.
1. Sex ratio:
The numberof females per 1000 males is known as the sex ratio. As per 2011 census, the average sex ratio of the country was 940 females for every 1000 males. This indicates that there are more males than females in India. The sex ratio differs from state to state. Kerala state has more females than males. As per 2011 censue Kerala has 1084 females for every 1000 male and Haryana has 877 female for every 1000 males.

2. Literacy:
Literacy rate has increased in recent years. Literacy rate has increased from 1951 to 2011. The male literaly was 82.1% in contrast to the female literancy of only 65.5%. Kerala with 93.91 % is the highly literate state in India Bihar with 63.82% is the’lowest rate.

3. Age Structure:
On the basis of age the entire population is divided into 3.categaries namely Infants (0-14 years) adults (15-59 yrs) and aged group (above 60 yrs) According to 2011 census, about 31.10% of the total population of the country is infants. 5.3% are old age and adults 63.60% adults are increasing every year with high birth rate the number of working population in also increasing.

4. Rural and urban population:
According to 2011 census, 76.4% of the people lived in rural areas and 23.61% is urban areas in India. Maharashtra has the highest urban population, and sikkim has the lowest urban population. Uttar pradesh has more rural population and mizoram has low rural population in the country.

Question 25.
Explain the destribution of Net area sown in India.
Answer:
India is an agricultural oriented country. Nearly 65% of the people of India are depending on agriculture. So net area sown plays an important role and essentially increasing. It accounts about 43.56% of the India’s total reported area.

It has been in creasing in recent years, from 118.7 inieeionmeetares in 1950 – 1951 to 132.8 million Hectres in 2002 – 2003. Thisis due to reclamation of barren and uncultivable land, pasture land. The production and distribution of the net area sown is not evenly distributed all over the country.

It differs from one state to another on the basis of relif features, soil, climate, Irrigation facility etc. It is the highest in Northern plains and Southern high rain fall region. The states, which are having more than 50% of net area sown are Panjab, Haryana, U.P, Bihor, West Bangal, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharastra.

Bteween 34 % to 49 %. The states are Gujarat, Goa, Tamil nadu, Madhya pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan. It is very low (i.e. less than 39%) in J & K, Himachal pradeah, Uttaranchal, Sikkim, and North Eastern states.

Question 26.
Explain the national Highways of India.
Answer:
The National Highways are regarded as the main arteries which run through the length and breadth of the country. The National highway connect the capitals of the state, Industrial centres and major ports. They are with two-lane four-lane and six-lane roads. National Highway are constructed and maintained by central Govt, and National Highway Authority of lndia [NHAI]. There are 235 National Highways in the country the National Highways consists

1. The Golden Quadrilateral.
2. The North-South and East-West corridors.
3. Port connectivity and other projects.

Question 27.
Discuss any six problems of people living in slums.
Answer:
The problems ofpeople living in slums are:

1. People living in slums work in high risk jobs and un organised sectors so they are paid less.
2. They are undernourished prone to different types diseases and illness.
3. They cannot afford to give proper education to their children the poverty makes them to take drug, alcoholism, crime, vandalism and finally they face social exclusioa
4. They are poor.
5. Children of slums are prone to follow bad habits.

Question 28.
What is Floriculture? Explain the importance of floriculture in India.
Answer:
Floriculture means cultivation of flowers on a commercial scale. In short, it means flowers culture. Although flower cultivation has been practised in India since time immemorial floriculture has blossomed into a profitable business only in recent years. The rapidly growing world market for flowers is holding out adequate inducement for India to expand its production and export of flowers. Floriculture has a significant role to play in India for the following reasons.

1. It has the potential of generating income for the formers.
2. It provides employment opportunities for the rural people.
3. It promotes greater involment of women.
4. It enhances export of the coutry.

Question 29.
Explain the main features and importance of upper Krishna project
Answer:

This is the biggest multipurpose project in north Karnataka, constructed across the river krishna. It has two dams namely Alamatti and Narayana pura. Alamatti dam is constructed near Alamatti village in Basavana Bagewadi and Narayanapura dam was constructed near Siddapura village in Muddebihal taluk of Bijapur district. It irrigates so many Taluks. This project includes power generation at Alamatti.

Question 30.
Write the importance of knowledge based industry and why these industries are located in major cities?
Answer:
Knowledge based industry or information technology industry is the industry which helps in spread of knowledge through the supply of computers and other supporting equiqments. Development of these mostly depends on skill and technical knowledge of man. So, they are called as knowledge based industries. It may be noted that IT industry is not just restricted to computers.

It covers the entire gamer of media and devices used to transmit and process information for use by various groups in the society. In particular, it includes the supply of computers (ie, hardware arid soft ware) tele communication equipments and micro eletronics. Computer manufacturing is a costly activity so it cannot be carried on by all industrial enterpreneurs. It can be developed only by financially sound companies.

It requires technically skilled and trained soft ware professionols. There is necessity of advanced modem etc. infrastructural facilities and global market. So, computers manufacturing is generally develpoed in importrant industrial ciry centers. In India, it is carried on in centers like Hydrabad, Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata.

Question 31.
Explain the concept of sustainable development.
Answer:
The term sustainable dvelopment is defined as development to achive the needs of present generation without compromising future generations needs, the united nations established a world cpmmission of environment and development (WCED] headed by the Norwegian prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland.

The comission Gave its report entitled “our common Future” in 1987. The report defines sustainable development as a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future genarations to meet their own needs. Thus sustainable development takes care of ecological, social and economic aspects of the development.

Question 32.
What are the geographical condition necessary for the cultivation of cotton. Explain the varieties of Cotton.
Answer:

1. Cotton is a tropical and sub – tropical crop it requires a temperature of 21° C – 24° C.
2. It requires moderate rainfall of 50cms to lOOcms.
3. Deep Black soil is suitable to cotton crop. Black soil is also known as Block cotton soil. It canretain moisture.
4. It requires manures and fertilizers, corporation helps to maintain fertility of the soil.
5. It requires large number of cheap labour for planting thinning, seeding, picking of cotton and other activities.
6. Frosting, mosit weather and heavy rain fall are harmfull to the crop.
7. Cotton plant is susceptible to disease and pests. So it requires insectisides and pesticides.
8. The sunny weather is neccessary at the time of harvesting the cotton.

On the basis of length of the fiber cotton is classified into 3 varieties:
1. Long staple cotton:
It is the best variety it’s fiber is 3.8cms length. It is used for making fine and super fine quality of cloth because of its length of fiber, fine and shining. Half of the total cotton produced in India belongs to long staple, it is grown in pajab, Haryana, Tamil nadu and Madhya pradesh.

2. Medium staple cotton:
It’s length is 2.5 cms to 3.8 cms it is used for making medium cloth it is growin in Rajastan, Tamil nadu, Uttar pradesh, Madhya pradesh, and kamataka.

3. Short staple cotton:
This is inferior variety of cotton its length is less than2.5 cms it is used for making inferior quality of cloth, stuffing purpose, blinding with synthetic fiber. This is gro wn in Uttar pradesh, Andhra pradesh and Rajastan.

Question 33.
Explain the shapes of rural settlements.
Answer:
The rural settlements are of different shapes. They attain different number of Geometrical forms and shapes like:

1. Linear pattern: In such settlements, houses are located along a road, railway line, rivet and canal, edge of a valley or a long levee.
2. Rectangular Pattern: Such patterns of rural settlements are found in plain areas or wide inter mountain valleys the roads are rectangular and cut each other at right angles along which house are built.
3. Circular pattern: Circular villages develop around lakes, tanks and some times the village is planned in such a way that the central part remains open and is used for keeping the animals to protect them from wild animals.
4. Star shaped pattern: Where the several roads meets, star shaped settlements develop as the houses built along the roads.
5. T, X, Y and T shaped settlements: These settlements develop at tri junctions of the roads while Y shaped settlements emerge as the places where two roads coverage on the third one and houses are built along these roads.
6. Double Village: These settlements extend on both sides of a river where there is a bridge.
7. Triangular pattern: This shape of, settlements set by the confluence of two rivers and also the junction point of two railway lines are often triangular Allahabad situated in the triangle formed by the confluence of the Ganga and the Yamuna has a typical triangular shape.

Question 34.
Write a note on the world air routes.
Answer:
The use of air craft and the development of transportation belongs to the 20^th century. It is the fastest and costliest means of transport. Air transport became popular after II world war. Now it is world wide. The followings are the worldwide Air routes.

1. The North America: The greatest air traffic is found in the L S A with internal and international flights. It has the top airports like Atlanta, Chicago, Los-Angelese, Dallas and Sanfrancisco. London’s Heathrow Airport is the busiest in the world. The British Airways is one of the most important which connects the entire world.
2. South America: The major international air ports are Rio-de. Janeiro. Brasilia, Santiago and Buenos Aires.
3. Africa: It is served by 2 international airlines.
4. Australia: It has well developed internal and external services. Sydney is an important international Air port. The Russian international . Air routes are controlled by moscow, Lenin gard, and Vladi Vostok. All countries of the world connect each other through airlines of different comers.

Section – D

IV. Answer any one of the following: (10 × 1 = 10)

Question 35.
Explain 2 major ports of west coast of India.
Answer:
Mumbai Port:
Mumbai is the biggest most spacious, natural, well sheltered port ofmaharastra state. It is situated towards the eastern side of mumbain Island the length of this port is 20 kms and width is 6-10 kms. this port has be come India’s largest oil terminal it has hinterland good network of Road ways.

Railways, connecting port with the hinterland. Food grains, crude oil, machinery, chemicals fertilizers, are imported through this port and cotton textiles, oil seeds, hides and skins are exported through this port.

Kochi:
It is a natural harbour located on western coast of India it’s hinterland are kerala and Tamilnadu it is served by well network of transport routes. Tea, coffee, rubber, rice, Fish products and species are exported through this port, petrol, wheat, cotton, coal, Iron and steel, Baxiute, fertilizers and Lime are imported through this port.

Question 36.
Explain the chief advantages of plant tissue culture.
Answer:

1. Rapid multiplication it means thousands of of plants can be produced with in a year starting from a single plant.
2. Freedom from pests and pathogens it refers to the production of disease free plants and production of Disease and pest resistant plants.
3. Economy of space and resources thousands of plants can be raised in a small land.
4. Round the year multiplication as per demand.
5. Easy transport due to miniaturization.
6. Selective multiplication of diserd plants.

Section – E

V. Answer any one of the following: (10 × 2 = 20)

Question 37.
Construct a line-graph by using the following data.
Karnataka: Selected district-wise Population (in lakh) – 2011

District	Population
Belagayn	47.8
Bagalkot	18.9
Bijapur	21.8
Bidar	17.0
Raichur	19.3
Dharwad	18.5

Answer:

Question 38.
(a) Construct a Pie-diagram using the following data.
India: Area under selected kharif crops (in lakh hectare)

Crops	Area
cereals	35.5
pulses	16.4
Oil seeds	12.0
Commercial crops	11.0
others	5.1

(b) Construct aline graph by using the followi ngdata
India: Net sown area of selected crops (in lakh hectares)

crops	Net sown, areas
Paddy	358.64
Jowar	30.55
Bajra	86.38
Maize	75.84
Groundnet	49.84
Soyabeen	93.35

Answer:
(a) Calculation of degrees
Cereals = 35.5 = \(\frac{35.5}{80} \times 360\) = 159.75°
Pulses = 16.4 = \(\frac{16.4}{80} \times 360\) = 73.80°
Oil seeds = 12.0 = \(\frac{12}{80} \times 360\) = 54.0°
Commercial crops = 11.0 = \(\frac{11}{80} \times 360\) = 49.50°
Others = 5.1 = \(\frac{5.1}{80} \times 360\) = 22.95°

(b)

Question 39.
Answer any 2 questions of the following
Answer:

1. Explain the primary source of data.
2. Explain the secondary source of data.
3. Explain the elements of remote sensing.

Answer:
1. The primary source of data are:
The data which are collected for the first time by a researcher or group of researchesrs, institution or organisations are called primary sources of the data. The primary data is collected through the following ways.
(I) Through personal Interview:
This is the most commonly used method of collecting data as the inter viewer has the opportunity of Explaining the study and answering any Questionfrom the respondents. In this method the researcher gets direct information from the respondents through dialogues and conversation.

(II) By personal observations:
It is the collection of data or in formation by individualor group of individuals through direct observations in the field. In carrying out
personal observations, the person who involved must have theoretical knowledge of the subject and scientific attitude for unbiased Evahiatioa

(III) By Questionaire:
The most common method used in surveys is the Questioniaire. In this method simple Questions and their possible answers are written on a plain paper and the respondents have to tick mark the possible answer from the given choices. This method in use ful in carrying out the survey of a larger area. The researcher must have the following features while preparing the Questionsaire.

• The number of Questions must be minimum.
• the Question should be clear and precise.
• The Question should not indicate alternative to the answer.
• Avoid Quest ions which give a clue.

The other methods are:

• Telephone interview
• Measuring properties State Govt.

(IV) Semi Govt publications:
In this we have the publications and reports of corporation, Boards, urban devt, Authorities are the sources of secondary data.

(V) Private publications:
Private publication publishes year books, monographs.

(VI) News papers and periodicals:
he daily newspapers and periodicals or magzines are the sources of secondary data.

(VII) Unpublished sources:
The papers or findings which prepared by researchers are kept unpublished in the in stitution.

• Government Documents: The reports, papers, findings, monographs and documents are prepared and published and maintained as unpublished records.
• Semi-Government Records

2. The secondary source of data:
The data those have been collected and analysed already by some departments, organizations, N go’s are called secondary data.
Secondary sources of date is classified into two sources.

• Published Sources:
• Unpublished sources:

Under published sources we have
(A) International publication:
In this years books, monographs and reports are published by different agencies like WHO, FAO, UNDP and UNESCO.

(B) Government publications:
The important source of secondary data are the publications of the Govt, of India, state Govt and district Bulletins. These publications comprise the census of India, weather reports and statistical abstract by corporations, boards, district council and civil departments prepare and maintain the periodical reports.

(C) Private Documents:
The companies, trade unions, different political and non-political organisation and welfare association are having unpublished reports and records.

3. the elements of remote sensing:
Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with it. In remote sensing the process involves an interaction between incident radiation and the targets of interest. This device can be a camera or a bank of sensors operated from an airplane or a satellite.

Satellite are the main source of data collection for detail study of phenomena related to earth surface. The satellite data is based for mapping, monitoring studying the various phenomena related to earth’s surface, satellite data is better as it gives wide area coverage frequent revisits, high resolution, timely delivery, low labour force and storage in digital format to support GIS technology.