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Karnataka State Syllabus Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 8 Era of Gandhi and National Movement
Class 10 Social Science Era of Gandhi and National Movement Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers
I. Fill In The Blanks With Suitable Answers:
Question 1.
Gandhiji was born in
Answer:
2nd October, 1869 (Porbandar)
Question 2.
Jallianwala Bhag massacre took place while protesting against
Answer:
Rowlett
Question 3.
The movement led by Ali brothers was
Answer:
Khilafutb
Question 4.
A separate nation for Muslims was put forward by
Answer:
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Question 5.
The President of the Indian National Congress session of 1929 was
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru
Question 6.
Mahad and Kalaram movement was formed by
Answer:
Dr. B.R.Ainbedhar
Question 7.
The leadership of the Indian National Army’s Jhansi regiment was held by
Answer:
Captain Lakshmi Sehgal
Question 8.
Gandhiji held Salt Sathyagrah in
Answer:
1930
Question 9.
Quit India movement took place in
Answer:
1 942
II. Chose The Appropriate Words From The Options Given Below And Fill In The Blanks:
Question 1.
First Round Table Conference was held in
a) 1930
b) 1932
c) 1931
d) 1942
Answer:
a. 1931
Question 2.
Swaraj Party was founded in the year
a) 1924
b) 1922
c) 1929 km.
Answer:
b) 1922
Question 3.
The president of Haripur session of Indian National Congress was .
a) Sardar Vallabhabai Patel
b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
c) Lala Lajapath Roy
d) Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer:
d. Subhas Chandra Bose
Question 4.
is known as the Iron Man of India. .
a) Bhagath Singh
b) Chandrashekar Azad
c) Abdul Kalam Azad
d) Sardar Vallabhabai Patel
Answer:
d) Sardar Vallabhabai Patel
III. Discuss It In Group And Answer The Following:
Question 1.
What were the internal tools of Gandhiji’s struggles?
Answer:
- Sathyagrah is one of the major methods of protests of Gandhiji.
- The word‘Sathyagralf means’the assertion of the truth’.
- It was one of the major weapons he employed in South Africa.
- It is his moral weapon. It is based on non – violence. It means asserting the rightful place of truth.
- Ahirnsa is the basic trait of Gandhiji’s struggle.
- He firmly believed that one should face violence with Ahirnsa and Sathyagrah. Gandhiji employed motherly strategies such as Ahirnsa. Sathyagrah and Fasting against the brutal force of British like Military police and law.
Question 2.
List out the programmes of Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer:
Programs of non – cooperation movement.
- Boycotting schools, colleges and courts
- Boycotting elections to regional legislative bodies held according of 1919 act
- Returning all the honours and medals given by the British.
- Nominated members to the local bodies resigning from their membership.
- Boycotting all the government functions.
- Boycutting all foreign goods.
Question 3.
Why was the division of Bengal withdrawn?
Answer:
- The division of Bengal in 1905 was opposed by Indian national congress
- The division of Bengal resulted in the wide spread protests across the country.
- The radicals took the issue to the door steps of common people.
- They called for boycotting of foreign goods and the institutions that encourage it.
- Indians were encouraged to use local goods.
- The British government withdraw the Bengal division order in 1911.
Question 4.
Explain Chouri Chaura incident.
Answer:
In the year 1920 Gandhiji gave a call for the non-co-operation movement against the British. In response to the call of Gandhiji thousands of people jumped into the freedom struggle at Chawri-Chawra in Uttar Pradesh. In the year 1922 the police used their force against peaceful protestors. As a result, the angry protestors ran into the police station and set the police station on fire. This resulted in about 22 policemen’s death and that was too burnt alive. As a result of this incident Gandhiji felt unhappy and withdrew his non-co-operation movement.
Question 5.
Discuss Salt Sathyagraha.
Answer:
- In 1930. the working committee of the congress met at Sabarmathi Ashram and passed resolution to hold civil disobedience under the leadership of Ghandhiji.
- Ghandhi wrote a letter to the viceroy demanding eleven points.
- As the viceroy rejected the letter, declared on March 12, 1930 that Ghandhiji would walk with followers upto Dandi. the coastal area of Gujarath.
- Gandhi covered 375 kms on foot and reached Dandi.
- He broke the law by holding a fistful salt without paying the tax which the British had levied on salt.
- Charaka, the spinning wheel became more famous during this March.
- Thousands of people participated in the salt Sathyagrah.
Question 6.
What were the reasons for Quit India Movement?
Answer:
- The eripps commission which was sent by the British government.
- Proposals, like according dominion status to India and calling a meeting to draft new constitution, were tabled.
- It was proposed that all states will have liberty to be part of new federation or not.
These proposals were opposed by congress they called it as Quit India movement.
Question 7.
Write the names of important Radicals who took part in the Indian National Movement.
Answer:
- Aurobindo gosh
- Bipin Chandra Pal
- Lai Lajapath Roy
- BalagangadharTilak are the main members of this Radical group.
Question 8.
What was the outcome of the Second Round Table conference?
Answer:
- Ambedkar tressed for a separate electoral constituency for untouchables. This was opposed by Gandhiji.
- As a result, the second round table conference too ended without any conclusion.
- The British government announced its decision to provide separate electoral constituencies for the untouchables.
- It implemented the communal award’ in 1932.
- Gandhiji opposed this and started ‘Fasting unto Death’. Efforts were made to convince Ambedkar. As a result ‘Poona Pact’ was entered.
Question 9.
Explain the achievements of Subhash Chandra Bose in the independence movement.
Answer:
Subhash Chandra Bose did not believe in the peaceful struggle of Gandhiji against the British. He strongly believed that without fighting, they could not drive out the British. He desired to join the hands with the enemies of the British and thereby defeat the British. He escaped from house-arrest and left for Germany. There he gained the support of the German dictator, Hitler to make India free. He joined hands with Ras Behari Bose. Ras Behari Bose established the military wing of the Indian Independence League at Tokyo in Japan and remained it Indian National Army.
Subhash Chandra took the leadership of the I.N.A. He planned to capture Delhi marching through Rangoon. Thousands of soldiers of I.N.A. prepared themselves to capture Delhi. Fierce fighting took place between I.N.A. and the British on the Burma border. In the midst of this, Subhash died in a plane accident. Though Subhash Chandra Bose met his accidental death, his unforgettable achievement inspired the Indians to fight against the British for their freedom.
Question 10.
Explain the various tribal revolts in the history of the Independence struggle.
Answer:
- The tax and forest policies implemented during the British administration were the reasons for tribal revolts.
- Santaja. Kola and Munda are important. Halagali Beda’s revolt of Karnataka is another notable revolt.
- The revolt of Santala tribe is considered an important revolt in India.
- The people of this tribe are present in the hilly areas of Bengal and Odisha states.
- With the implementation of the permanent Zamindari system, these people became landless.
- The Zamindars. Moneylenders and the company government became the exploiters of the Santala tribe.
- Their peace-loving nature and civilized manners were exploited by the government.
- The upset Santalas met security and decided to loot the Zamindars and the money lenders.
- The revolt was severe in Bhaktapur. Barahath, Rajamahal areas. As a result, the tribal people killed their enemies. Frightened money lenders and Zamindars fled from these areas. Though, the revolt of Santalas came to an end.
Question 11.
Explain the major achievements of Nehru as the first Prime Minister of India.
Answer:
- As the Prime Minister of India, he can be seen as the architect of India, he can be seen as the architect of industrialization and modern India.
- He also laid foundation for the diverse culture of India by implementing a language-based reorganization of states policy.
- He had firmly believed that only complete industrialization can bring development.
- He sought to develop India through ‘Five Year Plans’.
- He sought to develop infrastructure and heavy industries through these five-year plans
- With the aim of mastering atomic energy
- On the external affairs front, India wanted to stay away from both the powerful blocs of the cold war period and advocated non aligned movement.
- He was instrumental in staying away from power politics by adhering to Pancha Sheela principles.
Class 10 Social Science Era of Gandhi and National Movement Additional Questions and Answers
I. Multiple Choice Questions:
Question 1.
Mahatma Gandhiji opposed the apartheid policy, in South Africa at
a. Marrocco
b. Sudan
c. Adis Ababa
d. Natal
Answer:
d. Natal
Question 2.
“Natal Indian Congress” founded by
a. Navoroji
b. Shastri
c. Gandhiji
d. Nehru
Answer:
c. Gandhiji
Question 3.
Gandhiji started Champaranya’s movement because to
a. Encourage farmers
b. Support of Indigo
c. To avoid land tax
d. To study of Indian poverty
Answer:
b. Support of Indigo farmers
Question 4.
“The assertion of the truth” is the aim of
a. Sathyagraha
b. Ahimsa
c. Nonviolence
d. Swadeshi culture
Answer:
a. Sathyagraha
Question 5.
The British implemented the Rowlatt Act in
a. 1917
b. 1916
c. 1915
d. 1919
Answer:
d. 1919
Question 6.
General Dyer was killed by
a. Chandra Shoka Azad
b. Sukhdev
c. Udan Singh
d. Bhagath Singh
Answer:
c. Udam Singh
Question 7.
The year of the Choauri Chawara incident is
a. Feb 5th 1920
b. March 5th. 1920
c. March 5th. 1922
d. Feb 5th 1922
Answer:
d. Feb 5th 1922
Question 8.
Motilal Nehru and C.R.D as founded a. Swaraj party
b. Socialist party
c. Communist party
d. Democratic party
Answer:
a. Swaraj party
Question 9.
Lala Lajapath Roy died in during
a. Civil disobedience movement
b. Non Co operation movement
c. Quit India movement
d. Khilafath movement
Answer:
a. Civil disobedience movement
Question 10.
“Poona Pact” was signed between
a. Stratford Cripps and Indians
b. Cripps and Nehru
c. Gandhiji and Ambedkar
d. Mothilal Nehru and Ambedkar
Answer:
c. Gundhiji and Ambedkur
Question 11.
In Telangana fanners protested against the Zamindars and
a. British government
b. Razack’s
c. Land Lords
d. Nizam
Answer:
b. Ranks
Question 12.
“You send us unformed Gandhi and we sent back the complete of Gandhi” was said by
a. North Africans
b. South Africans
c. Indians
d. North Americans
Answer:
b. South Africans
Question 13.
Gandhiji arrived back to India from South Africa in
a. 1919
c. 1868
c. 1920
d. 1915
Answer:
d. 1915
Question 14.
Gandhiji established ‘Sabarniathi Ashram’m 1916 at
a. Gujarat
c. Bombay
c. Ahmedabad
d. Calcutta
Answer:
c. Ahmedabad
Question 15.
Gandhiji started Champaran movement in
a. 1918
b. 1917
c. 1916
d. 1919
Answer:
b. 1917
Question 16.
“The earth can fulfill all the needs of the men, but not their greed” was said by
a. Gandhiji
b. B.R. Ambedkar
c. Ravindranath Tagore
d. Bhagat Singh
Answer:
a. Gandhiji
Question 17.
Gandhi formed an association called “Satyagraha Sabha” to oppose
a. Kheda movement
b. Champaran movement
c. Satyagraha movement
d. Jallianwala Bagh Incident
Answer:
d. Jallianwala Bagh Incident
Question 18.
Motilal Nehru and C.R.Das founded Swaraj Party in 1923 because,
a. to receive British permission for elections
b. to create unity among the Hindu and Muslims
c. the withdrawal ofNon-co-operation movement by Gandhiji
d. all of the above
Answer:
c. the withdrawal of Non-co-operation movement
Question 19.
Lala Lajpath Roy died when the protesters were lati charged in Lahore because,
a. they opposed Simon commission
b. they opposed 1919 act
c. they founded Swaraj party
d. they opposed cripps commission
Answer:
a. they opposed Simon commission
Question 20.
A young man of Karnataka participated in Dandi march was
a. R.R. Diwakar
b. Deshpande
c. Mvlara Mahadevappa
d. Hardikar Manjappa
Answer:
c. Mylara Mahadevappa
Question 21.
This act provided for fedaral structure at the Central level,
a. 1909 act
b. 1935 act
c. 1919 act
d. 1947 act
Answer:
b. 1935 act
Question 22.
This village name was changed into “Swatantra Halli” during freedom movement
a. Sabaramathi
b. Ankola
c. Malaga
d. Hsoor
Answer:
d. Hsoor
Question 23.
Workers struggle in Calcutta was started in
a. 1942
b. 1937
c. 1827
d.1927
Answer:
c. 1827
Question 24.
Subhas Chandra Bose and Nehru founded the
a. Congress Social Party
b. Bharatiya Janatha Party
c. Indian National Congress
d. Congress Socialism Party
Answer:
a. Congress Social Party
Question 25.
“Forward Block” founded by
a. Javaprakash Narayan
b. Subhas Chandra Bose
c. Chandrashekar
d. Bhagath Singh
Answer:
b. Subhas Chandra Bose
Question 26.
‘Political freedom without social freedom is meaningless” said by
a. Balghangadhar Tilak
b. Vallabhai patel
c. Rabindranath Tagore
d. B.R. Ambedkar
Answer:
d. B.R. Ambedkar
Question 27.
The main result of “Direct Action day” on August I6,h 1946 was
a. Communal clashes
b. Division of Bengal
c. Partition of India
d. Clashes between Britishers and Indians
Answer:
a. Communal clashes
Question 28.
The last viceroy of India w’as
a. Warren bastings
b. RadclifTe
c. Lord Mountbatten
d. Lord Dalhousie
Answer:
c) Lord Mountbatten
Question 29.
Mahatma Gandhi assassinated by Nathuram Godse on
a. 2nd October 1948
b. 30th January 1947
c. 30th January 1948 d. 26″’October 1948
Answer:
c. 30th January 1948
II. Four Marks Questions:
Question 1.
Explain the Jallianwaln Bagh incident
Answer:
- The British implemented Rowatt Act in 1919. Through this act, the British started controlling the nationalists.
- Under this act. they could arrest a man and declare him as an offender in a court ‘ of law.
- Gandhi formed an association called ‘Sathyagraha Sobha’ to oppose this. By utilizing numerous political methods like huge public marches and meets along boycotts, the act was opposed.
- Gandhiji had called for one day hartal on April 6, 1919. Dr. Fakruddin and Dr. Satyapal and various other leaders were arrested in Punjab.
- To protest these arrests, the people had assembled in Jallianwala Bagh on April 13. 1919 on the day of Baisaki festival.
- The military general of Amrithsar. general Dyer fired at the peacefully assembled the people and killed around 380 protesters.
- Rabindranath Tagore returned his knighthood award back opposing this mindless violence.
- Udam singh, a revolutionary killed general Dyer in England.
Question 2.
Which were the reasons for the beginning of civil disobedience movement?
Answer:
- The British government appointed Simon commission in 1927.
- Arrived in India on February 3, 1928. The commission witnessed wide protests with slogans ‘Simon Go Back’.
- Lala Lajapath Roy died when the protesters were lathi-charged in Lahore.
- The British government put forth an indirect challenge to IndiAnswer:
- The Nehru report advocated for dominion status for India along with internal federal structure
- It recommended for the abolishment of separate constituencies reserved for minority, creation of language-based regions out of the British India.
- Ensuring human rights to Indians and the implementation of democratic tradition and many other recommendations were given in the report.
- Jawaharlal Nehru adopted a resolution demanding total independence “Poorna Swaraj’’. January 26th 1930 was declared as the Indian independence date.
- This convention authorized Gandhiji to hold Civil disobedience protest Marches.
Question 3.
What was the outcomes of three round table conferences?
Answer:
1. The first round table conference:
- This meeting conveyed the message that the government alone cannot take measures and ignore the IndiAnswer:
- For the first time, representation was given to the untouchable community at the conference
- The meeting like Dr, B.R. Ambedkar, M.R. Jayakar Tejbhadhur Sappu, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Srinivas Shastry and others.
- This conference approved Dominion status.
- Since the Indian national congress did not participate in the first round table conference it remained incomplete.
- A pact between viceroy Irwin and Gandhiji was signed. It is called as ‘Gandhi Irwin Pact’.
2. The second round table conference:
- Ambedkar tressed for a separate electro constituency for untouchables. This was opposed Gandhi.
- As a result, the second round table conference too ended without any conclusion.
3. The third round table conference:
- The congress did not participate in the conference opposing the decisions of the government
- As a result of these round table conferences, the British brought in the government of India Act 1935.
Question 4.
Explain the farmer’s and workers’ protests.
Answer:
- Workers struggle started in Calcutta in 1827.
- The workers of Jute and cotton mills along with railways started organizing themselves.
- Railway workers held protests in railway stations and raised slogans against the British officers.
- The printers union in Calcutta and cotton mill workers of Bombay created national awareness.
- A labour union was founded in Madras.
- Later many workers associations started.
- The congress supported such initiates from the workers unions. The contribution of workers and their unions are unique.
Question 5.
Write the role of Dr. B.R.Ambedkar in freedom struggle of India?
OR
Write the social reforms of Dr .B.R.Ambedkar
Answer:
- Dr.B.R.Antbedkar had believed strongly that ‘”political freedom without social freedom is meaningless”.
- Political freedom is of no value was his argument.
- Ambedkar’s demand for separate electorate constituencies for untouchables created controversial between Anibedkar and. Gandhiji.
- l ie studied the caste system and devised strategies to destroy it.
- In order to prove that the untouchables have been denied even basic human rights, he organized “Mahad tank and Kalaram tern pel movements’
- Anibedkar founded ‘Bahishkrut Hithakarini Sabha’ and later Swatantra Karmika party’.
- He published periodicals like “ Prabhudha Bharatha”. “Janatha’, Mookanayaka’ etc.
- Dr.B.R.Antbedkar was elected as the chairman of the “Drafting Committee’ and the first law minister of independent India.
Question 6.
Write a note on the partition of India.
Answer:
- The Indian national congress had the vision of free independent united India.
- Muhammad Ali Jinnali kept putting pressure for an independent Pakistan.
- In the Lahore session of Muslim league in 1940. Jinni declared the Hindus and Muslims cannot make one nation.
- The labor party tried to find solutions for the political problems of India.
- It sent a cabinet committee to have a discussion on giving self – rule rights to India.
- It recommended for a federal form of government and suggested to form an interim government.
- The Muslim league called for “Direct Action Day’ on August 16th, 1946. As a result, communal clashes took place in various parts of the country.
- In 1946 mount batten held discussions with Gandhiji, Jinnah and other leaders to prepare a plan for the partition of India. In July of 1947. the bill of India’s independence took shape of an Act. On August 15lh. 1947 two new nations India and Pakistan were born.
Answer The Following Questions Related To The Given Pictures;
I.
Question 1.
Name the person in the given picture
Answer:
Mahatama Gandhi
Question 2.
Who was his political teacher?
Answer:
Gopala Krishna Gokhale
II.
Question 1.
Name the person in the given
Answer:
Motilal Nehru
Question 2.
When did he start the Swaraj Party?
Answer:
1923
III.
Question 1.
Name the person in the given picture
Answer:
Vallabliabai Patel
Question 2.
Which was his title?
Answer:
The iron man of India
Question 2.
Name any two periodicals of this person
Answer:
Prabhudha Bharatha Janatha
V.
Question 1.
Name the person in the given picture
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru
Question 2.
Which plans he introduced to develop our nation?
Answer:
Five-year plan